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1.1 root 1: .TH MORE 1 "27 April 1981"
2: .UC 4
3: .SH NAME
4: more, page \- file perusal filter for crt viewing
5: .SH SYNOPSIS
6: .B more
7: [
8: .B \-cdflsu
9: ]
10: [
11: .B \-\fIn\fP
12: ]
13: [
14: .B +\fIlinenumber\fP
15: ]
16: [
17: .B +/\fIpattern\fP
18: ] [ name ... ]
19: .LP
20: .B page
21: .I "more options"
22: .SH DESCRIPTION
23: .I More
24: is a filter which allows examination of a continuous text
25: one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal.
26: It normally pauses after each screenful, printing --More--
27: at the bottom of the screen.
28: If the user then types a carriage return, one more line is displayed.
29: If the user hits a space,
30: another screenful is displayed. Other possibilities are enumerated later.
31: .PP
32: The command line options are:
33: .TP
34: .I \-n
35: An integer which is the size (in lines) of the window which
36: .I more
37: will use instead of the default.
38: .TP
39: .B \-c
40: .I More
41: will draw each page by beginning at the top of the screen and erasing
42: each line just before it draws on it.
43: This avoids scrolling the screen, making it easier to read while
44: .I more
45: is writing.
46: This option will be ignored if the terminal does not have the ability
47: to clear to the end of a line.
48: .TP
49: .B \-d
50: .I More
51: will prompt the user with the message "Hit
52: space to continue, Rubout to abort" at the end of each screenful.
53: This is useful if
54: .I more
55: is being used as a filter in some setting,
56: such as a class,
57: where many users may be unsophisticated.
58: .TP
59: .B \-f
60: This causes
61: .I more
62: to count logical, rather than screen lines.
63: That is, long lines are not folded.
64: This option is recommended if
65: .I nroff
66: output is being piped through
67: .I ul,
68: since the latter may generate escape sequences.
69: These escape sequences contain characters which would ordinarily occupy
70: screen positions, but which do not print when they are sent to the
71: terminal as part of an escape sequence.
72: Thus
73: .I more
74: may think that lines are longer than they actually are, and fold
75: lines erroneously.
76: .TP
77: .B \-l
78: Do
79: not treat ^L (form feed) specially.
80: If this option is not given,
81: .I more
82: will pause after any line that contains a ^L, as if the end of a
83: screenful had been reached.
84: Also, if a file begins with a form feed, the screen will be cleared
85: before the file is printed.
86: .TP
87: .B \-s
88: Squeeze multiple blank lines from the output, producing only one blank
89: line. Especially helpful when viewing
90: .I nroff
91: output, this option maximizes the useful information present on the screen.
92: .TP
93: .B \-u
94: Normally,
95: .I more
96: will handle underlining such as produced by
97: .I nroff
98: in a manner appropriate to the particular terminal: if the terminal can
99: perform underlining or has a stand-out mode,
100: .I more
101: will output appropriate escape sequences to enable underlining or stand-out
102: mode for underlined information in the source file. The
103: .I \-u
104: option suppresses this processing.
105: .TP
106: .B +\fIlinenumber\fP
107: Start up at \fIlinenumber\fP.
108: .TP
109: .B +/\fIpattern\fP
110: Start up two lines before the line containing the
111: regular expression \fIpattern\fP.
112: .PP
113: If the program is invoked as
114: .I page,
115: then the screen is cleared before each screenful is printed (but only
116: if a full screenful is being printed), and
117: .I k
118: \- 1 rather
119: than
120: .I k
121: \- 2 lines are printed in each screenful, where
122: .I k
123: is the number of lines the terminal can display.
124: .PP
125: .I More
126: looks in the file
127: .I /etc/termcap
128: to determine terminal characteristics,
129: and to determine the default window size.
130: On a terminal capable of displaying 24 lines,
131: the default window size is 22 lines.
132: .PP
133: .I More
134: looks in the environment variable
135: .I MORE
136: to pre-set any flags desired. For example, if you prefer to view files using
137: the
138: .I \-c
139: mode of operation, the
140: .I csh
141: command
142: .I "setenv MORE -c"
143: or the
144: .I sh
145: command sequence
146: .I "MORE='-c' ; export MORE"
147: would cause all invocations of
148: .I more ,
149: including invocations by programs such as
150: .I man
151: and
152: .I msgs ,
153: to use this mode.
154: Normally, the user will place the command sequence which sets up the
155: .I MORE
156: environment variable in the
157: .I .cshrc
158: or
159: .I .profile
160: file.
161: .PP
162: If
163: .I more
164: is reading from a file, rather than a pipe, then a percentage is displayed
165: along with the --More-- prompt.
166: This gives the fraction of the file (in characters, not lines) that has been
167: read so far.
168: .PP
169: Other sequences which may be typed when
170: .I more
171: pauses, and their effects, are as follows (\fIi\fP is an optional integer
172: argument, defaulting to 1) :
173: .PP
174: .IP \fIi\|\fP<space>
175: display
176: .I i
177: more lines, (or another screenful if no argument is given)
178: .PP
179: .IP ^D
180: display 11 more lines (a ``scroll'').
181: If
182: .I i
183: is given, then the scroll size is set to \fIi\|\fP.
184: .PP
185: .IP d
186: same as ^D (control-D)
187: .PP
188: .IP \fIi\|\fPz
189: same as typing a space except that \fIi\|\fP, if present, becomes the new
190: window size.
191: .PP
192: .IP \fIi\|\fPs
193: skip \fIi\|\fP lines and print a screenful of lines
194: .PP
195: .IP \fIi\|\fPf
196: skip \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
197: .PP
198: .IP "q or Q"
199: Exit from
200: .I more.
201: .PP
202: .IP =
203: Display the current line number.
204: .PP
205: .IP v
206: Start up the editor
207: .I vi
208: at the current line.
209: .PP
210: .IP h
211: Help command; give a description of all the
212: .I more
213: commands.
214: .PP
215: .IP \fIi\|\fP/expr
216: search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the regular expression \fIexpr.\fP
217: If there are less than \fIi\fP occurrences of \fIexpr\|\fP,
218: and the input is a file (rather than a pipe),
219: then the position in the file remains unchanged.
220: Otherwise, a screenful is displayed, starting two lines before the place
221: where the expression was found.
222: The user's erase and kill characters may be used to edit the regular
223: expression.
224: Erasing back past the first column cancels the search command.
225: .PP
226: .IP \fIi\|\fPn
227: search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the last regular expression entered.
228: .PP
229: .IP '
230: (single quote) Go to the point from which the last search started.
231: If no search has been performed in the current file, this command
232: goes back to the beginning of the file.
233: .PP
234: .IP !command
235: invoke a shell with \fIcommand\|\fP.
236: The characters `%' and `!' in "command" are replaced with the
237: current file name and the previous shell command respectively.
238: If there is no current file name, `%' is not expanded.
239: The sequences "\\%" and "\\!" are replaced by "%" and "!" respectively.
240: .PP
241: .IP \fIi\|\fP:n
242: skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th next file given in the command line
243: (skips to last file if n doesn't make sense)
244: .PP
245: .IP \fIi\|\fP:p
246: skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th previous file given in the command line.
247: If this command is given in the middle of printing out a
248: file, then
249: .I more
250: goes back to the beginning of the file. If \fIi\fP doesn't make sense,
251: .I more
252: skips back to the first file.
253: If
254: .I more
255: is not reading from a file, the bell is rung and nothing else happens.
256: .PP
257: .IP :f
258: display the current file name and line number.
259: .PP
260: .IP ":q or :Q"
261: exit from
262: .I more
263: (same as q or Q).
264: .PP
265: .IP .
266: (dot) repeat the previous command.
267: .PP
268: The commands take effect immediately, i.e., it is not necessary to
269: type a carriage return.
270: Up to the time when the command character itself is given,
271: the user may hit the line kill character to cancel the numerical
272: argument being formed.
273: In addition, the user may hit the erase character to redisplay the
274: --More--(xx%) message.
275: .PP
276: At any time when output is being sent to the terminal, the user can
277: hit the quit key (normally control\-\\).
278: .I More
279: will stop sending output, and will display the usual --More--
280: prompt.
281: The user may then enter one of the above commands in the normal manner.
282: Unfortunately, some output is lost when this is done, due to the
283: fact that any characters waiting in the terminal's output queue
284: are flushed when the quit signal occurs.
285: .PP
286: The terminal is set to
287: .I noecho
288: mode by this program so that the output can be continuous.
289: What you type will thus not show on your terminal, except for the / and !
290: commands.
291: .PP
292: If the standard output is not a teletype, then
293: .I more
294: acts just like
295: .I cat,
296: except that a header is printed before each file (if there is
297: more than one).
298: .PP
299: .DT
300: A sample usage of
301: .I more
302: in previewing
303: .I nroff
304: output would be
305: .PP
306: nroff \-ms +2 doc.n | more -s
307: .SH AUTHOR
308: Eric Shienbrood, minor revisions by John Foderaro and Geoffrey Peck
309: .SH FILES
310: .DT
311: /etc/termcap Terminal data base
312: .br
313: /usr/lib/more.help Help file
314: .SH "SEE ALSO"
315: csh(1), man(1), msgs(1), script(1), sh(1), environ(7)
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