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1.1 root 1: .TH REFER 1 "18 July 1983"
2: .UC 4
3: .SH NAME
4: refer \- find and insert literature references in documents
5: .SH SYNOPSIS
6: .B refer
7: [
8: .B \-a
9: ] [
10: .B \-b
11: ] [
12: .B \-c
13: ] [
14: .B \-e
15: ] [
16: .BI \-f n
17: ] [
18: .BI \-k x
19: ] [
20: .BI \-l m,n
21: ] [
22: .B \-n
23: ] [
24: .B \-p
25: bib
26: ] [
27: .BI \-s keys
28: ] [
29: .BI \-B l.m
30: ] [
31: .B \-P
32: ] [
33: .B \-S
34: ] [ file ... ]
35: .SH DESCRIPTION
36: .I Refer
37: is a preprocessor for
38: .I nroff
39: or
40: .IR troff (1)
41: that finds and formats references for footnotes or endnotes.
42: It is also the base for a series of programs designed to
43: index, search, sort, and print stand-alone bibliographies,
44: or other data entered in the appropriate form.
45: .PP
46: Given an incomplete citation with sufficiently precise keywords,
47: .I refer
48: will search a bibliographic database for references
49: containing these keywords anywhere in the title, author, journal, etc.
50: The input file (or standard input)
51: is copied to standard output,
52: except for lines between .[ and .] delimiters,
53: which are assumed to contain keywords,
54: and are replaced by information from the bibliographic database.
55: The user may also search different databases,
56: override particular fields, or add new fields.
57: The reference data, from whatever source, are assigned to a set of
58: .I troff
59: strings.
60: Macro packages such as
61: .IR ms (7)
62: print the finished reference text from these strings.
63: By default references are flagged by footnote numbers.
64: .PP
65: The following options are available:
66: .TP 6
67: .BI \-a r
68: Reverse the first
69: .I n
70: author names (Jones, J. A. instead of J. A. Jones).
71: If
72: .I n
73: is omitted all author names are reversed.
74: .ns
75: .TP
76: .B \-b
77: Bare mode: do not put any flags in text (neither numbers nor labels).
78: .ns
79: .TP
80: .BI \-c keys
81: Capitalize (with C\s-2APS\s0 S\s-2MALL\s+2 C\s-2APS\s0)
82: the fields whose key-letters are in
83: .IR keys .
84: .ns
85: .TP
86: .B \-e
87: Instead of leaving the references where encountered,
88: accumulate them until a sequence of the form
89: .nf
90: .[
91: $LIST$
92: .]
93: .fi
94: is encountered, and then write out all references collected so far.
95: Collapse references to same source.
96: .ns
97: .TP
98: .BI \-f n
99: Set the footnote number to
100: .I n
101: instead of the default of 1 (one).
102: With labels rather than numbers,
103: this flag is a no-op.
104: .ns
105: .TP
106: .BI \-k x
107: Instead of numbering references, use labels as specified in a
108: reference data line beginning
109: .I %x;
110: by default
111: .I x
112: is
113: .B L.
114: .ns
115: .TP
116: .BI \-l m , n
117: Instead of numbering references, use labels made from
118: the senior author's last name and the year of publication.
119: Only the first
120: .I m
121: letters of the last name
122: and the last
123: .I n
124: digits of the date are used.
125: If either
126: .I m
127: or
128: .I n
129: is omitted the entire name or date respectively is used.
130: .ns
131: .TP
132: .B \-n
133: Do not search the default file /usr/dict/papers/Ind.
134: If there is a REFER environment variable,
135: the specified file will be searched instead of the default file;
136: in this case the
137: .B \-n
138: flag has no effect.
139: .ns
140: .TP
141: .BI \-p \0bib
142: Take the next argument
143: .I bib
144: as a file of references to be searched.
145: The default file is searched last.
146: .ns
147: .TP
148: .BI \-s keys
149: Sort references by fields whose key-letters are in the
150: .I keys
151: string;
152: permute reference numbers in text accordingly.
153: Implies
154: .BR \-e .
155: The key-letters in
156: .I keys
157: may be followed by a number to indicate how many such fields
158: are used, with
159: .B +
160: taken as a very large number.
161: The default is
162: .B AD
163: which sorts on the senior author and then date; to sort, for example,
164: on all authors and then title use
165: .BR -sA+T .
166: .ns
167: .TP
168: .BI \-B l.m
169: Bibliography mode.
170: Take a file composed of records separated by blank lines,
171: and turn them into
172: .I troff
173: input.
174: Label
175: .I l
176: will be turned into the macro
177: .I .m
178: with
179: .I l
180: defaulting to
181: .B %X
182: and
183: .I .m
184: defaulting to
185: .B .AP
186: (annotation paragraph).
187: .ns
188: .TP
189: .B \-P
190: Place punctuation marks .,:;?! after the reference signal,
191: rather than before.
192: (Periods and commas used to be done with strings.)
193: .ns
194: .TP
195: .B \-S
196: Produce references in the Natural or Social Science format.
197: .PP
198: To use your own references,
199: put them in the format described below.
200: They can be searched more rapidly by running
201: .IR indxbib (1)
202: on them before using
203: .I refer;
204: failure to index results in a linear search.
205: When
206: .I refer
207: is used with the
208: .I eqn,
209: .I neqn
210: or
211: .I tbl
212: preprocessors
213: .I refer
214: should be first, to minimize the volume
215: of data passed through pipes.
216: .PP
217: The
218: .I refer
219: preprocessor and associated programs
220: expect input from a file of references
221: composed of records separated by blank lines.
222: A record is a set of lines (fields),
223: each containing one kind of information.
224: Fields start on a line beginning with a ``%'',
225: followed by a key-letter, then a blank,
226: and finally the contents of the field,
227: and continue until the next line starting with ``%''.
228: The output ordering and formatting of fields
229: is controlled by the macros specified for
230: .I nroff/troff
231: (for footnotes and endnotes) or
232: .I roffbib
233: (for stand-alone bibliographies).
234: For a list of the most common key-letters
235: and their corresponding fields, see
236: .IR addbib (1).
237: An example of a
238: .I refer
239: entry is given below.
240: .SH EXAMPLE
241: .PP
242: .nf
243: %A M. E. Lesk
244: %T Some Applications of Inverted Indexes on the \s-1UNIX\s0 System
245: %B \s-1UNIX\s0 Programmer's Manual
246: %V 2b
247: %I Bell Laboratories
248: %C Murray Hill, NJ
249: %D 1978
250: .fi
251: .SH FILES
252: .ta \w'/usr/dict/papers\0\0'u
253: /usr/dict/papers directory of default publication lists
254: .br
255: /usr/lib/refer directory of companion programs
256: .SH SEE ALSO
257: addbib(1), sortbib(1), roffbib(1), indxbib(1), lookbib(1)
258: .SH AUTHOR
259: Mike Lesk
260: .SH BUGS
261: Blank spaces at the end of lines in bibliography fields
262: will cause the records to sort and reverse incorrectly.
263: Sorting large numbers of references causes a core dump.
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