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1.1 root 1: .TH INTRO 3 "2 April 1983"
2: .UC 4
3: .SH NAME
4: intro \- introduction to library functions
5: .SH DESCRIPTION
6: This section describes functions that may be found
7: in various libraries. The library functions are those other than the
8: functions which directly invoke UNIX system primitives, described in section 2.
9: This section has the libraries physically grouped together. This is a
10: departure from older versions of the UNIX Programmer's Reference Manual,
11: which did not group functions by library.
12: The functions described in this section are grouped into various libraries:
13: .TP 6n
14: (3) and (3S)
15: The straight ``3'' functions are the standard C library functions. The
16: C library also includes all the functions described in section 2. The
17: 3S functions comprise the standard I/O library. Together with the
18: (3N), (3X), and (3C) routines, these functions constitute
19: library \fIlibc\fP,
20: which is automatically loaded by the C compiler
21: .IR cc (1),
22: the Pascal compiler
23: .IR pc (1),
24: and the Fortran compiler
25: .IR f77 (1).
26: The link editor
27: .IR ld (1)
28: searches this library under the `\-lc' option.
29: Declarations for some of these functions may be obtained
30: from include files indicated on the appropriate pages.
31: .TP
32: (3M)
33: These functions constitute the math library,
34: .IR libm .
35: They are automatically loaded as needed by the Pascal
36: compiler
37: .IR pc (1)
38: and the Fortran compiler
39: .IR f77 (1).
40: The link editor searches this library under the `\-lm' option.
41: Declarations for these functions may be obtained from the include file
42: .RI < math.h >.
43: .TP
44: (3N)
45: These functions constitute the internet network library,
46: .TP
47: (3S)
48: These functions constitute the `standard I/O package', see
49: .IR intro (3S).
50: These functions are in the library
51: .I libc
52: already mentioned. Declarations for these functions may be obtained from
53: the include file
54: .RI < stdio.h >.
55: .TP
56: (3X)
57: Various specialized libraries have not been given distinctive captions.
58: Files in which such libraries are found are named on appropriate pages.
59: .TP
60: (3C)
61: Routines included for compatibility with other systems. In particular,
62: a number of system call interfaces provided in previous releases of
63: 4BSD have been included for source code compatibility. The manual page
64: entry for each compatibility routine indicates the proper interface to use.
65: .SH FILES
66: .nf
67: /lib/libc.a
68: /usr/lib/libm.a
69: /usr/lib/libc_p.a
70: /usr/lib/libm_p.a
71: .fi
72: .SH SEE ALSO
73: intro(3C),
74: intro(3S),
75: intro(3M),
76: intro(3N),
77: nm(1),
78: ld(1),
79: cc(1),
80: f77(1),
81: intro(2)
82: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
83: Functions in the math library (3M) may return
84: conventional values when the function is undefined for the
85: given arguments or when the value is not representable.
86: In these cases the external variable
87: .I errno
88: (see
89: .IR intro (2))
90: is set to the value EDOM (domain error) or ERANGE (range error).
91: The values of EDOM and ERANGE are defined in the include file
92: .RI < math.h >.
93: .SH "LIST OF FUNCTIONS"
94: .sp 2
95: .nf
96: .ta \w'getprotobynumber'u+2n +\w'getprotoent'u+10n
97: \fIName\fP \fIAppears on Page\fP \fIDescription\fP
98: .ta \w'getprotobynumber'u+4n +\w'getprotoent'u+4n
99: .sp 5p
100: abort abort.3 generate a fault
101: abs abs.3 integer absolute value
102: acos sin.3m trigonometric functions
103: alarm alarm.3c schedule signal after specified
104: time
105: alloca malloc.3 memory allocator
106: arc plot.3x graphics interface
107: asctime ctime.3 convert date and time to ASCII
108: asin sin.3m trigonometric functions
109: assert assert.3x program verification
110: atan sin.3m trigonometric functions
111: atan2 sin.3m trigonometric functions
112: atof atof.3 convert ASCII to numbers
113: atoi atof.3 convert ASCII to numbers
114: atol atof.3 convert ASCII to numbers
115: bcmp bstring.3 bit and byte string operations
116: bcopy bstring.3 bit and byte string operations
117: bzero bstring.3 bit and byte string operations
118: cabs hypot.3m Euclidean distance
119: calloc malloc.3 memory allocator
120: ceil floor.3m absolute value, floor, ceiling
121: functions
122: circle plot.3x graphics interface
123: clearerr ferror.3s stream status inquiries
124: closedir directory.3 directory operations
125: closelog syslog.3 control system log
126: closepl plot.3x graphics interface
127: cont plot.3x graphics interface
128: cos sin.3m trigonometric functions
129: cosh sinh.3m hyperbolic functions
130: crypt crypt.3 DES encryption
131: ctime ctime.3 convert date and time to ASCII
132: curses curses.3x screen functions with ``optimal''
133: cursor motion
134: dbminit dbm.3x data base subroutines
135: delete dbm.3x data base subroutines
136: ecvt ecvt.3 output conversion
137: edata end.3 last locations in program
138: encrypt crypt.3 DES encryption
139: end end.3 last locations in program
140: endfsent getfsent.3x get file system descriptor file
141: entry
142: endgrent getgrent.3 get group file entry
143: endhostent gethostent.3n get network host entry
144: endnetent getnetent.3n get network entry
145: endprotoent getprotoent.3n get protocol entry
146: endpwent getpwent.3 get password file entry
147: endservent getservent.3n get service entry
148: environ execl.3 execute a file
149: erase plot.3x graphics interface
150: etext end.3 last locations in program
151: exec execl.3 execute a file
152: exece execl.3 execute a file
153: execl execl.3 execute a file
154: execle execl.3 execute a file
155: execlp execl.3 execute a file
156: exect execl.3 execute a file
157: execv execl.3 execute a file
158: execvp execl.3 execute a file
159: exit exit.3 terminate a process after flushing
160: any pending output
161: exp exp.3m exponential, logarithm, power,
162: square root
163: fabs floor.3m absolute value, floor, ceiling
164: functions
165: fclose fclose.3s close or flush a stream
166: fcvt ecvt.3 output conversion
167: feof ferror.3s stream status inquiries
168: ferror ferror.3s stream status inquiries
169: fetch dbm.3x data base subroutines
170: fflush fclose.3s close or flush a stream
171: ffs bstring.3 bit and byte string operations
172: fgetc getc.3s get character or word from stream
173: fgets gets.3s get a string from a stream
174: fileno ferror.3s stream status inquiries
175: firstkey dbm.3x data base subroutines
176: floor floor.3m absolute value, floor, ceiling
177: functions
178: fprintf printf.3s formatted output conversion
179: fputc putc.3s put character or word on a stream
180: fputs puts.3s put a string on a stream
181: fread fread.3s buffered binary input/output
182: free malloc.3 memory allocator
183: frexp frexp.3 split into mantissa and exponent
184: fscanf scanf.3s formatted input conversion
185: fseek fseek.3s reposition a stream
186: ftell fseek.3s reposition a stream
187: ftime time.3c get date and time
188: fwrite fread.3s buffered binary input/output
189: gamma gamma.3m log gamma function
190: gcvt ecvt.3 output conversion
191: getc getc.3s get character or word from stream
192: getchar getc.3s get character or word from stream
193: getdiskbyname getdisk.3x get disk description by its name
194: getenv getenv.3 value for environment name
195: getfsent getfsent.3x get file system descriptor file entry
196: getfsfile getfsent.3x get file system descriptor file entry
197: getfsspec getfsent.3x get file system descriptor file entry
198: getfstype getfsent.3x get file system descriptor file entry
199: getgrent getgrent.3 get group file entry
200: getgrgid getgrent.3 get group file entry
201: getgrnam getgrent.3 get group file entry
202: gethostbyaddr gethostent.3n get network host entry
203: gethostbyname gethostent.3n get network host entry
204: gethostent gethostent.3n get network host entry
205: getlogin getlogin.3 get login name
206: getnetbyaddr getnetent.3n get network entry
207: getnetbyname getnetent.3n get network entry
208: getnetent getnetent.3n get network entry
209: getpass getpass.3 read a password
210: getprotobyname getprotoent.3n get protocol entry
211: getprotobynumber getprotoent.3n get protocol entry
212: getprotoent getprotoent.3n get protocol entry
213: getpw getpw.3 get name from uid
214: getpwent getpwent.3 get password file entry
215: getpwnam getpwent.3 get password file entry
216: getpwuid getpwent.3 get password file entry
217: gets gets.3s get a string from a stream
218: getservbyname getservent.3n get service entry
219: getservbyport getservent.3n get service entry
220: getservent getservent.3n get service entry
221: getw getc.3s get character or word from stream
222: getwd getwd.3 get current working directory pathname
223: gmtime ctime.3 convert date and time to ASCII
224: gtty stty.3c set and get terminal state (defunct)
225: htonl byteorder.3n convert values between host and
226: network byte order
227: htons byteorder.3n convert values between host and
228: network byte order
229: hypot hypot.3m Euclidean distance
230: index string.3 string operations
231: inet_addr inet.3n Internet address manipulation routines
232: inet_lnaof inet.3n Internet address manipulation routines
233: inet_makeaddr inet.3n Internet address manipulation routines
234: inet_netof inet.3n Internet address manipulation routines
235: inet_network inet.3n Internet address manipulation routines
236: initgroups initgroups.3x initialize group access list
237: initstate random.3 better random number generator
238: insque insque.3 insert/remove element from a queue
239: isalnum ctype.3 character classification macros
240: isalpha ctype.3 character classification macros
241: isascii ctype.3 character classification macros
242: isatty ttyname.3 find name of a terminal
243: iscntrl ctype.3 character classification macros
244: isdigit ctype.3 character classification macros
245: islower ctype.3 character classification macros
246: isprint ctype.3 character classification macros
247: ispunct ctype.3 character classification macros
248: isspace ctype.3 character classification macros
249: isupper ctype.3 character classification macros
250: j0 j0.3m bessel functions
251: j1 j0.3m bessel functions
252: jn j0.3m bessel functions
253: label plot.3x graphics interface
254: ldexp frexp.3 split into mantissa and exponent
255: terminal
256: line plot.3x graphics interface
257: linemod plot.3x graphics interface
258: localtime ctime.3 convert date and time to ASCII
259: log exp.3m exponential, logarithm, power,
260: square root
261: log10 exp.3m exponential, logarithm, power,
262: square root
263: longjmp setjmp.3 non-local goto
264: malloc malloc.3 memory allocator
265: mktemp mktemp.3 make a unique file name
266: modf frexp.3 split into mantissa and exponent
267: moncontrol monitor.3 prepare execution profile
268: monitor monitor.3 prepare execution profile
269: monstartup monitor.3 prepare execution profile
270: move plot.3x graphics interface
271: nextkey dbm.3x data base subroutines
272: nice nice.3c set program priority
273: nlist nlist.3 get entries from name list
274: ntohl byteorder.3n convert values between host and
275: network byte order
276: ntohs byteorder.3n convert values between host and
277: network byte order
278: opendir directory.3 directory operations
279: openlog syslog.3 control system log
280: pause pause.3c stop until signal
281: pclose popen.3 initiate I/O to/from a process
282: perror perror.3 system error messages
283: plot: openpl plot.3x graphics interface
284: point plot.3x graphics interface
285: popen popen.3 initiate I/O to/from a process
286: pow exp.3m exponential, logarithm, power,
287: square root
288: printf printf.3s formatted output conversion
289: psignal psignal.3 system signal messages
290: putc putc.3s put character or word on a stream
291: putchar putc.3s put character or word on a stream
292: puts puts.3s put a string on a stream
293: putw putc.3s put character or word on a stream
294: qsort qsort.3 quicker sort
295: rand rand.3c random number generator
296: random random.3 better random number generator
297: rcmd rcmd.3x routines for returning a stream to
298: a remote command
299: re_comp regex.3 regular expression handler
300: re_exec regex.3 regular expression handler
301: readdir directory.3 directory operations
302: realloc malloc.3 memory allocator
303: remque insque.3 insert/remove element from a queue
304: rewind fseek.3s reposition a stream
305: rewinddir directory.3 directory operations
306: rexec rexec.3x return stream to a remote command
307: rindex string.3 string operations
308: rresvport rcmd.3x routines for returning a stream to
309: a remote command
310: ruserok rcmd.3x routines for returning a stream to
311: a remote command
312: scandir scandir.3 scan a directory
313: scanf scanf.3s formatted input conversion
314: seekdir directory.3 directory operations
315: setbuf setbuf.3s assign buffering to a stream
316: setbuffer setbuf.3s assign buffering to a stream
317: setegid setuid.3 set user and group ID
318: seteuid setuid.3 set user and group ID
319: setfsent getfsent.3x get file system descriptor file entry
320: setgid setuid.3 set user and group ID
321: setgrent getgrent.3 get group file entry
322: sethostent gethostent.3n get network host entry
323: setjmp setjmp.3 non-local goto
324: setkey crypt.3 DES encryption
325: setlinebuf setbuf.3s assign buffering to a stream
326: setnetent getnetent.3n get network entry
327: setprotoent getprotoent.3n get protocol entry
328: setpwent getpwent.3 get password file entry
329: setrgid setuid.3 set user and group ID
330: setruid setuid.3 set user and group ID
331: setservent getservent.3n get service entry
332: setstate random.3 better random number generator
333: setuid setuid.3 set user and group ID
334: signal signal.3 simplified software signal facilities
335: sin sin.3m trigonometric functions
336: sinh sinh.3m hyperbolic functions
337: sleep sleep.3 suspend execution for interval
338: space plot.3x graphics interface
339: sprintf printf.3s formatted output conversion
340: sqrt exp.3m exponential, logarithm, power, square
341: root
342: srand rand.3c random number generator
343: srandom random.3 better random number generator
344: sscanf scanf.3s formatted input conversion
345: stdio intro.3s standard buffered input/output package
346: store dbm.3x data base subroutines
347: strcat string.3 string operations
348: strcmp string.3 string operations
349: strcpy string.3 string operations
350: strlen string.3 string operations
351: strncat string.3 string operations
352: strncmp string.3 string operations
353: strncpy string.3 string operations
354: stty stty.3c set and get terminal state (defunct)
355: swab swab.3 swap bytes
356: sys_errlist perror.3 system error messages
357: sys_nerr perror.3 system error messages
358: sys_siglist psignal.3 system signal messages
359: syslog syslog.3 control system log
360: system system.3 issue a shell command
361: tan sin.3m trigonometric functions
362: tanh sinh.3m hyperbolic functions
363: telldir directory.3 directory operations
364: tgetent termcap.3x terminal independent operation
365: routines
366: tgetflag termcap.3x terminal independent operation
367: routines
368: tgetnum termcap.3x terminal independent operation
369: routines
370: tgetstr termcap.3x terminal independent operation
371: routines
372: tgoto termcap.3x terminal independent operation
373: routines
374: time time.3c get date and time
375: times times.3c get process times
376: timezone ctime.3 convert date and time to ASCII
377: tputs termcap.3x terminal independent operation
378: routines
379: ttyname ttyname.3 find name of a terminal
380: ttyslot ttyname.3 find name of a terminal
381: ungetc ungetc.3s push character back into input stream
382: utime utime.3c set file times
383: valloc valloc.3 aligned memory allocator
384: varargs varargs.3 variable argument list
385: vlimit vlimit.3c control maximum system resource
386: consumption
387: vtimes vtimes.3c get information about resource
388: utilization
389: y0 j0.3m bessel functions
390: y1 j0.3m bessel functions
391: yn j0.3m bessel functions
392: .fi
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