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1.1 ! root 1: .tr || ! 2: .TH TERMCAP 5 "10 May 1980" ! 3: .UC ! 4: .SH NAME ! 5: termcap \- terminal capability data base ! 6: .SH SYNOPSIS ! 7: /etc/termcap ! 8: .SH DESCRIPTION ! 9: .I Termcap ! 10: is a data base describing terminals, ! 11: used, ! 12: .IR e.g. , ! 13: by ! 14: .IR vi (1) ! 15: and ! 16: .IR curses (3X). ! 17: Terminals are described in ! 18: .I termcap ! 19: by giving a set of capabilities which they have, and by describing ! 20: how operations are performed. ! 21: Padding requirements and initialization sequences ! 22: are included in ! 23: .I termcap. ! 24: .PP ! 25: Entries in ! 26: .I termcap ! 27: consist of a number of `:' separated fields. ! 28: The first entry for each terminal gives the names which are known for the ! 29: terminal, separated by `|' characters. The first name is always 2 characters ! 30: long and is used by older version 6 systems which store the terminal type ! 31: in a 16 bit word in a systemwide data base. ! 32: The second name given is the most common abbreviation for the terminal, and the ! 33: last name given should be a long name fully identifying the terminal. ! 34: The second name should contain no blanks; the last name may well contain ! 35: blanks for readability. ! 36: .SH CAPABILITIES ! 37: .nf ! 38: (P) indicates padding may be specified ! 39: (P*) indicates that padding may be based on no. lines affected ! 40: ! 41: .ta \w'k0-k9 'u +\w'Type 'u +\w'Pad? 'u ! 42: \fBName Type Pad? Description\fR ! 43: ae str (P) End alternate character set ! 44: al str (P*) Add new blank line ! 45: am bool Terminal has automatic margins ! 46: as str (P) Start alternate character set ! 47: bc str Backspace if not \fB^H\fR ! 48: bs bool Terminal can backspace with \fB^H\fR ! 49: bt str (P) Back tab ! 50: bw bool Backspace wraps from column 0 to last column ! 51: CC str Command character in prototype if terminal settable ! 52: cd str (P*) Clear to end of display ! 53: ce str (P) Clear to end of line ! 54: ch str (P) Like cm but horizontal motion only, line stays same ! 55: cl str (P*) Clear screen ! 56: cm str (P) Cursor motion ! 57: co num Number of columns in a line ! 58: cr str (P*) Carriage return, (default \fB^M\fR) ! 59: cs str (P) Change scrolling region (vt100), like cm ! 60: cv str (P) Like ch but vertical only. ! 61: da bool Display may be retained above ! 62: dB num Number of millisec of bs delay needed ! 63: db bool Display may be retained below ! 64: dC num Number of millisec of cr delay needed ! 65: dc str (P*) Delete character ! 66: dF num Number of millisec of ff delay needed ! 67: dl str (P*) Delete line ! 68: dm str Delete mode (enter) ! 69: dN num Number of millisec of nl delay needed ! 70: do str Down one line ! 71: dT num Number of millisec of tab delay needed ! 72: ed str End delete mode ! 73: ei str End insert mode; give \*(lq:ei=:\*(rq if \fBic\fR ! 74: eo str Can erase overstrikes with a blank ! 75: ff str (P*) Hardcopy terminal page eject (default \fB^L\fR) ! 76: hc bool Hardcopy terminal ! 77: hd str Half-line down (forward 1/2 linefeed) ! 78: ho str Home cursor (if no \fBcm\fR) ! 79: hu str Half-line up (reverse 1/2 linefeed) ! 80: hz str Hazeltine; can't print ~'s ! 81: ic str (P) Insert character ! 82: if str Name of file containing \fBis\fR ! 83: im bool Insert mode (enter); give \*(lq:im=:\*(rq if \fBic\fR ! 84: in bool Insert mode distinguishes nulls on display ! 85: ip str (P*) Insert pad after character inserted ! 86: is str Terminal initialization string ! 87: k0-k9 str Sent by \*(lqother\*(rq function keys 0-9 ! 88: kb str Sent by backspace key ! 89: kd str Sent by terminal down arrow key ! 90: ke str Out of \*(lqkeypad transmit\*(rq mode ! 91: kh str Sent by home key ! 92: kl str Sent by terminal left arrow key ! 93: kn num Number of \*(lqother\*(rq keys ! 94: ko str Termcap entries for other non-function keys ! 95: kr str Sent by terminal right arrow key ! 96: ks str Put terminal in \*(lqkeypad transmit\*(rq mode ! 97: ku str Sent by terminal up arrow key ! 98: l0-l9 str Labels on \*(lqother\*(rq function keys ! 99: li num Number of lines on screen or page ! 100: ll str Last line, first column (if no \fBcm\fR) ! 101: ma str Arrow key map, used by vi version 2 only ! 102: mi bool Safe to move while in insert mode ! 103: ml str Memory lock on above cursor. ! 104: ms bool Safe to move while in standout and underline mode ! 105: mu str Memory unlock (turn off memory lock). ! 106: nc bool No correctly working carriage return (DM2500,H2000) ! 107: nd str Non-destructive space (cursor right) ! 108: nl str (P*) Newline character (default \fB\en\fR) ! 109: ns bool Terminal is a \s-2CRT\s+2 but doesn't scroll. ! 110: os bool Terminal overstrikes ! 111: pc str Pad character (rather than null) ! 112: pt bool Has hardware tabs (may need to be set with \fBis\fR) ! 113: se str End stand out mode ! 114: sf str (P) Scroll forwards ! 115: sg num Number of blank chars left by so or se ! 116: so str Begin stand out mode ! 117: sr str (P) Scroll reverse (backwards) ! 118: ta str (P) Tab (other than \fB^I\fR or with padding) ! 119: tc str Entry of similar terminal - must be last ! 120: te str String to end programs that use \fBcm\fP ! 121: ti str String to begin programs that use \fBcm\fR ! 122: uc str Underscore one char and move past it ! 123: ue str End underscore mode ! 124: ug num Number of blank chars left by us or ue ! 125: ul bool Terminal underlines even though it doesn't overstrike ! 126: up str Upline (cursor up) ! 127: us str Start underscore mode ! 128: vb str Visible bell (may not move cursor) ! 129: ve str Sequence to end open/visual mode ! 130: vs str Sequence to start open/visual mode ! 131: xb bool Beehive (f1=escape, f2=ctrl C) ! 132: xn bool A newline is ignored after a wrap (Concept) ! 133: xr bool Return acts like \fBce\fP \er \en (Delta Data) ! 134: xs bool Standout not erased by writing over it (HP 264?) ! 135: xt bool Tabs are destructive, magic so char (Teleray 1061) ! 136: .fi ! 137: .PP ! 138: .B A Sample Entry ! 139: .PP ! 140: The following entry, which describes the Concept\-100, is among the more ! 141: complex entries in the ! 142: .I termcap ! 143: file as of this writing. ! 144: (This particular concept entry is outdated, ! 145: and is used as an example only.) ! 146: .PP ! 147: .nf ! 148: c1\||\|c100\||\|concept100:is=\eEU\eEf\eE7\eE5\eE8\eEl\eENH\eEK\eE\e200\eEo&\e200:\e ! 149: :al=3*\eE^R:am:bs:cd=16*\eE^C:ce=16\eE^S:cl=2*^L:cm=\eEa%+ %+ :co#80:\e ! 150: :dc=16\eE^A:dl=3*\eE^B:ei=\eE\e200:eo:im=\eE^P:in:ip=16*:li#24:mi:nd=\eE=:\e ! 151: :se=\eEd\eEe:so=\eED\eEE:ta=8\et:ul:up=\eE;:vb=\eEk\eEK:xn: ! 152: .fi ! 153: .PP ! 154: Entries may continue onto multiple lines by giving a \e as the last ! 155: character of a line, and that empty fields ! 156: may be included for readability (here between the last field on a line ! 157: and the first field on the next). ! 158: Capabilities in ! 159: .I termcap ! 160: are of three types: ! 161: Boolean capabilities which indicate that the terminal has ! 162: some particular feature, numeric capabilities giving the size of the terminal ! 163: or the size of particular delays, and string ! 164: capabilities, which give a sequence which can be used to perform particular ! 165: terminal operations. ! 166: .PP ! 167: .B Types of Capabilities ! 168: .PP ! 169: All capabilities have two letter codes. For instance, the fact that ! 170: the Concept has \*(lqautomatic margins\*(rq (i.e. an automatic return and linefeed ! 171: when the end of a line is reached) is indicated by the capability \fBam\fR. ! 172: Hence the description of the Concept includes \fBam\fR. ! 173: Numeric capabilities are followed by the character `#' and then the value. ! 174: Thus \fBco\fR which indicates the number of columns the terminal has ! 175: gives the value `80' for the Concept. ! 176: .PP ! 177: Finally, string valued capabilities, such as \fBce\fR (clear to end of line ! 178: sequence) are given by the two character code, an `=', and then a string ! 179: ending at the next following `:'. A delay in milliseconds may appear after ! 180: the `=' in such a capability, and padding characters are supplied by the ! 181: editor after the remainder of the string is sent to provide this delay. ! 182: The delay can be either a integer, e.g. `20', or an integer followed by ! 183: an `*', i.e. `3*'. A `*' indicates that the padding required is proportional ! 184: to the number of lines affected by the operation, and the amount given is ! 185: the per-affected-unit padding required. ! 186: When a `*' is specified, it is sometimes useful to give a delay of the form ! 187: `3.5' specify a delay per unit to tenths of milliseconds. ! 188: .PP ! 189: A number of escape sequences are provided in the string valued capabilities ! 190: for easy encoding of characters there. A \fB\eE\fR maps to an \s-2ESCAPE\s0 ! 191: character, \fB^x\fR maps to a control-x for any appropriate x, and the sequences ! 192: \fB\en \er \et \eb \ef\fR give a newline, return, tab, backspace and formfeed. ! 193: Finally, characters may be given as three octal digits after a \fB\e\fR, ! 194: and the characters \fB^\fR and \fB\e\fR may be given as \fB\e^\fR and \fB\e\e\fR. ! 195: If it is necessary to place a \fB:\fR in a capability it must be escaped in ! 196: octal as \fB\e072\fR. ! 197: If it is necessary to place a null character in a string capability it ! 198: must be encoded as \fB\e200\fR. The routines which deal with ! 199: .I termcap ! 200: use C strings, and strip the high bits of the output very late so that ! 201: a \fB\e200\fR comes out as a \fB\e000\fR would. ! 202: .br ! 203: .ne 5 ! 204: .PP ! 205: .B Preparing Descriptions ! 206: .PP ! 207: We now outline how to prepare descriptions of terminals. ! 208: The most effective way to prepare a terminal description is by imitating ! 209: the description of a similar terminal in ! 210: .I termcap ! 211: and to build up a description gradually, using partial descriptions ! 212: with ! 213: .I ex ! 214: to check that they are correct. ! 215: Be aware that a very unusual terminal may expose deficiencies in ! 216: the ability of the ! 217: .I termcap ! 218: file to describe it ! 219: or bugs in ! 220: .I ex. ! 221: To easily test a new terminal description you can set the environment variable ! 222: TERMCAP to a pathname of a file containing the description you are working ! 223: on and the editor will look there rather than in ! 224: .I /etc/termcap. ! 225: TERMCAP can also be set to the termcap entry itself ! 226: to avoid reading the file when starting up the editor. ! 227: (This only works on version 7 systems.) ! 228: .PP ! 229: .B Basic capabilities ! 230: .PP ! 231: The number of columns on each line for the terminal is given by the ! 232: \fBco\fR numeric capability. If the terminal is a \s-2CRT\s0, then the ! 233: number of lines on the screen is given by the \fBli\fR capability. ! 234: If the terminal wraps around to the beginning of the next line when ! 235: it reaches the right margin, then it should have the \fBam\fR capability. ! 236: If the terminal can clear its screen, then this is given by the ! 237: \fBcl\fR string capability. If the terminal can backspace, then it ! 238: should have the \fBbs\fR capability, unless a backspace is accomplished ! 239: by a character other than \fB^H\fR (ugh) in which case you should give ! 240: this character as the \fBbc\fR string capability. If it overstrikes ! 241: (rather than clearing a position when a character is struck over) ! 242: then it should have the \fBos\fR capability. ! 243: .PP ! 244: A very important point here is that the local cursor motions encoded ! 245: in ! 246: .I termcap ! 247: are undefined at the left and top edges of a \s-2CRT\s0 terminal. ! 248: The editor will never attempt to backspace around the left edge, nor ! 249: will it attempt to go up locally off the top. The editor assumes that ! 250: feeding off the bottom of the screen will cause the screen to scroll up, ! 251: and the \fBam\fR capability tells whether the cursor sticks at the right ! 252: edge of the screen. If the terminal has switch selectable automatic margins, ! 253: the ! 254: .I termcap ! 255: file usually assumes that this is on, i.e. \fBam\fR. ! 256: .PP ! 257: These capabilities suffice to describe hardcopy and \*(lqglass-tty\*(rq terminals. ! 258: Thus the model 33 teletype is described as ! 259: .PP ! 260: .DT ! 261: t3\||\|33\||\|tty33:co#72:os ! 262: .PP ! 263: while the Lear Siegler \s-2ADM\-3\s0 is described as ! 264: .PP ! 265: .DT ! 266: cl\||\|adm3|3|lsi adm3:am:bs:cl=^Z:li#24:co#80 ! 267: .PP ! 268: .B Cursor addressing ! 269: .PP ! 270: Cursor addressing in the terminal is described by a ! 271: \fBcm\fR string capability, with ! 272: .IR printf (3S) ! 273: like escapes \fB%x\fR in it. ! 274: These substitute to encodings of the current line or column position, ! 275: while other characters are passed through unchanged. ! 276: If the \fBcm\fR string is thought of as being a function, then its ! 277: arguments are the line and then the column to which motion is desired, ! 278: and the \fB%\fR encodings have the following meanings: ! 279: .PP ! 280: .DT ! 281: .nf ! 282: %d as in \fIprintf\fR, 0 origin ! 283: %2 like %2d ! 284: %3 like %3d ! 285: %. like %c ! 286: %+x adds \fIx\fR to value, then %. ! 287: %>xy if value > x adds y, no output. ! 288: %r reverses order of line and column, no output ! 289: %i increments line/column (for 1 origin) ! 290: %% gives a single % ! 291: %n exclusive or row and column with 0140 (DM2500) ! 292: %B BCD (16*(x/10)) + (x%10), no output. ! 293: %D Reverse coding (x-2*(x%16)), no output. (Delta Data). ! 294: .fi ! 295: .PP ! 296: Consider the HP2645, which, to get to row 3 and column 12, needs ! 297: to be sent \eE&a12c03Y padded for 6 milliseconds. Note that the order ! 298: of the rows and columns is inverted here, and that the row and column ! 299: are printed as two digits. Thus its \fBcm\fR capability is \*(lqcm=6\eE&%r%2c%2Y\*(rq. ! 300: The Microterm \s-2ACT-IV\s0 needs the current row and column sent ! 301: preceded by a \fB^T\fR, with the row and column simply encoded in binary, ! 302: \*(lqcm=^T%.%.\*(rq. Terminals which use \*(lq%.\*(rq need to be able to ! 303: backspace the cursor (\fBbs\fR or \fBbc\fR), ! 304: and to move the cursor up one line on the screen (\fBup\fR introduced below). ! 305: This is necessary because it is not always safe to transmit \fB\et\fR, \fB\en\fR ! 306: \fB^D\fR and \fB\er\fR, as the system may change or discard them. ! 307: .PP ! 308: A final example is the \s-2LSI ADM\s0-3a, which uses row and column ! 309: offset by a blank character, thus \*(lqcm=\eE=%+ %+ \*(rq. ! 310: .PP ! 311: .B Cursor motions ! 312: .PP ! 313: If the terminal can move the cursor one position to the right, leaving ! 314: the character at the current position unchanged, then this sequence should ! 315: be given as \fBnd\fR (non-destructive space). If it can move the cursor ! 316: up a line ! 317: on the screen in the same column, this should be given as \fBup\fR. ! 318: If the terminal has no cursor addressing capability, but can home the cursor ! 319: (to very upper left corner of screen) then this can be given as ! 320: \fBho\fR; similarly a fast way of getting to the lower left hand corner ! 321: can be given as \fBll\fR; this may involve going up with \fBup\fR ! 322: from the home position, ! 323: but the editor will never do this itself (unless \fBll\fR does) because it ! 324: makes no assumption about the effect of moving up from the home position. ! 325: .PP ! 326: .B Area clears ! 327: .PP ! 328: If the terminal can clear from the current position to the end of the ! 329: line, leaving the cursor where it is, this should be given as \fBce\fR. ! 330: If the terminal can clear from the current position to the end of the ! 331: display, then this should be given as \fBcd\fR. ! 332: The editor only uses ! 333: \fBcd\fR from the first column of a line. ! 334: .PP ! 335: .B Insert/delete line ! 336: .PP ! 337: If the terminal can open a new blank line before the line where the cursor ! 338: is, this should be given as \fBal\fR; this is done only from the first ! 339: position of a line. The cursor must then appear on the newly blank line. ! 340: If the terminal can delete the line which the cursor is on, then this ! 341: should be given as \fBdl\fR; this is done only from the first position on ! 342: the line to be deleted. ! 343: If the terminal can scroll the screen backwards, then this can be given as ! 344: \fBsb\fR, but just \fBal\fR suffices. ! 345: If the terminal can retain display memory above then the ! 346: \fBda\fR capability should be given; if display memory can be retained ! 347: below then \fBdb\fR should be given. These let the editor understand ! 348: that deleting a line on the screen may bring non-blank lines up from below ! 349: or that scrolling back with \fBsb\fR may bring down non-blank lines. ! 350: .PP ! 351: .B Insert/delete character ! 352: .PP ! 353: There are two basic kinds of intelligent terminals with respect to ! 354: insert/delete character which can be described using ! 355: .I termcap. ! 356: The most common insert/delete character operations affect only the characters ! 357: on the current line and shift characters off the end of the line rigidly. ! 358: Other terminals, such as the Concept 100 and the Perkin Elmer Owl, make ! 359: a distinction between typed and untyped blanks on the screen, shifting ! 360: upon an insert or delete only to an untyped blank on the screen which is ! 361: either eliminated, or expanded to two untyped blanks. You can find out ! 362: which kind of terminal you have by clearing the screen and then typing ! 363: text separated by cursor motions. Type \*(lqabc\ \ \ \ def\*(rq using local ! 364: cursor motions (not spaces) between the \*(lqabc\*(rq and the \*(lqdef\*(rq. ! 365: Then position the cursor before the \*(lqabc\*(rq and put the terminal in insert ! 366: mode. If typing characters causes the rest of the line to shift ! 367: rigidly and characters to fall off the end, then your terminal does ! 368: not distinguish between blanks and untyped positions. If the \*(lqabc\*(rq ! 369: shifts over to the \*(lqdef\*(rq which then move together around the end of the ! 370: current line and onto the next as you insert, you have the second type of ! 371: terminal, and should give the capability \fBin\fR, which stands for ! 372: \*(lqinsert null\*(rq. If your terminal does something different and unusual ! 373: then you may have to modify the editor to get it to use the insert ! 374: mode your terminal defines. We have seen no terminals which have an insert ! 375: mode not not falling into one of these two classes. ! 376: .PP ! 377: The editor can handle both terminals which have an insert mode, and terminals ! 378: which send a simple sequence to open a blank position on the current line. ! 379: Give as \fBim\fR the sequence to get into insert mode, or give it an ! 380: empty value if your terminal uses a sequence to insert a blank position. ! 381: Give as \fBei\fR the sequence to leave insert mode (give this, with ! 382: an empty value also if you gave \fBim\fR so). ! 383: Now give as \fBic\fR any sequence needed to be sent just before sending ! 384: the character to be inserted. Most terminals with a true insert mode ! 385: will not give \fBic\fR, terminals which send a sequence to open a screen ! 386: position should give it here. (Insert mode is preferable to the sequence ! 387: to open a position on the screen if your terminal has both.) ! 388: If post insert padding is needed, give this as a number of milliseconds ! 389: in \fBip\fR (a string option). Any other sequence which may need to be ! 390: sent after an insert of a single character may also be given in \fBip\fR. ! 391: .PP ! 392: It is occasionally necessary to move around while in insert mode ! 393: to delete characters on the same line (e.g. if there is a tab after ! 394: the insertion position). If your terminal allows motion while in ! 395: insert mode you can give the capability \fBmi\fR to speed up inserting ! 396: in this case. Omitting \fBmi\fR will affect only speed. Some terminals ! 397: (notably Datamedia's) must not have \fBmi\fR because of the way their ! 398: insert mode works. ! 399: .PP ! 400: Finally, you can specify delete mode by giving \fBdm\fR and \fBed\fR ! 401: to enter and exit delete mode, and \fBdc\fR to delete a single character ! 402: while in delete mode. ! 403: .PP ! 404: .B "Highlighting, underlining, and visible bells" ! 405: .PP ! 406: If your terminal has sequences to enter and exit standout mode these ! 407: can be given as \fBso\fR and \fBse\fR respectively. ! 408: If there are several flavors of standout mode ! 409: (such as inverse video, blinking, or underlining \- ! 410: half bright is not usually an acceptable \*(lqstandout\*(rq mode ! 411: unless the terminal is in inverse video mode constantly) ! 412: the preferred mode is inverse video by itself. ! 413: If the code to change into or out of standout ! 414: mode leaves one or even two blank spaces on the screen, ! 415: as the TVI 912 and Teleray 1061 do, ! 416: then \fBug\fR should be given to tell how many spaces are left. ! 417: .PP ! 418: Codes to begin underlining and end underlining can be given as \fBus\fR ! 419: and \fBue\fR respectively. ! 420: If the terminal has a code to underline the current character and move ! 421: the cursor one space to the right, ! 422: such as the Microterm Mime, ! 423: this can be given as \fBuc\fR. ! 424: (If the underline code does not move the cursor to the right, ! 425: give the code followed by a nondestructive space.) ! 426: .PP ! 427: Many terminals, such as the HP 2621, automatically leave standout ! 428: mode when they move to a new line or the cursor is addressed. ! 429: Programs using standout mode should exit standout mode before ! 430: moving the cursor or sending a newline. ! 431: .PP ! 432: If the terminal has ! 433: a way of flashing the screen to indicate an error quietly (a bell replacement) ! 434: then this can be given as \fBvb\fR; it must not move the cursor. ! 435: If the terminal should be placed in a different mode during ! 436: open and visual modes of ! 437: .I ex, ! 438: this can be given as ! 439: \fBvs\fR and \fBve\fR, sent at the start and end of these modes ! 440: respectively. These can be used to change, e.g., from a underline ! 441: to a block cursor and back. ! 442: .PP ! 443: If the terminal needs to be in a special mode when running ! 444: a program that addresses the cursor, ! 445: the codes to enter and exit this mode can be given as \fBti\fR and \fBte\fR. ! 446: This arises, for example, from terminals like the Concept with more than ! 447: one page of memory. ! 448: If the terminal has only memory relative cursor addressing and not screen ! 449: relative cursor addressing, a one screen-sized window must be fixed into ! 450: the terminal for cursor addressing to work properly. ! 451: .PP ! 452: If your terminal correctly generates underlined characters ! 453: (with no special codes needed) ! 454: even though it does not overstrike, ! 455: then you should give the capability \fBul\fR. ! 456: If overstrikes are erasable with a blank, ! 457: then this should be indicated by giving \fBeo\fR. ! 458: .PP ! 459: .B Keypad ! 460: .PP ! 461: If the terminal has a keypad that transmits codes when the keys are pressed, ! 462: this information can be given. Note that it is not possible to handle ! 463: terminals where the keypad only works in local (this applies, for example, ! 464: to the unshifted HP 2621 keys). ! 465: If the keypad can be set to transmit or not transmit, ! 466: give these codes as \fBks\fR and \fBke\fR. ! 467: Otherwise the keypad is assumed to always transmit. ! 468: The codes sent by the left arrow, right arrow, up arrow, down arrow, ! 469: and home keys can be given as \fBkl, kr, ku, kd, \fRand\fB kh\fR respectively. ! 470: If there are function keys such as f0, f1, ..., f9, the codes they send ! 471: can be given as \fBk0, k1, ..., k9\fR. ! 472: If these keys have labels other than the default f0 through f9, the labels ! 473: can be given as \fBl0, l1, ..., l9\fR. ! 474: If there are other keys that transmit the same code as the terminal expects ! 475: for the corresponding function, such as clear screen, the \fItermcap\fP ! 476: 2 letter codes can be given in the \fBko\fR capability, ! 477: for example, \*(lq:ko=cl,ll,sf,sb:\*(rq, which says that the terminal has ! 478: clear, home down, scroll down, and scroll up keys that transmit ! 479: the same thing as the cl, ll, sf, and sb entries. ! 480: .PP ! 481: The ! 482: .B ma ! 483: entry is also used to indicate arrow keys on terminals which have ! 484: single character arrow keys. It is obsolete but still in use in ! 485: version 2 of vi, which must be run on some minicomputers due to ! 486: memory limitations. ! 487: This field is redundant with ! 488: .BR "kl, kr, ku, kd, " and " kh" . ! 489: It consists of groups of two characters. ! 490: In each group, the first character is what an arrow key sends, the ! 491: second character is the corresponding vi command. ! 492: These commands are ! 493: .B h ! 494: for ! 495: .BR kl , ! 496: .B j ! 497: for ! 498: .BR kd , ! 499: .B k ! 500: for ! 501: .BR ku , ! 502: .B l ! 503: for ! 504: .BR kr , ! 505: and ! 506: .B H ! 507: for ! 508: .BR kh . ! 509: For example, the mime would be ! 510: .B ":ma=^Kj^Zk^Xl:" ! 511: indicating arrow keys left (^H), down (^K), up (^Z), and right (^X). ! 512: (There is no home key on the mime.) ! 513: .PP ! 514: .B Miscellaneous ! 515: .PP ! 516: If the terminal requires other than a null (zero) character as a pad, ! 517: then this can be given as \fBpc\fR. ! 518: .PP ! 519: If tabs on the terminal require padding, or if the terminal uses a ! 520: character other than \fB^I\fR to tab, then this can be given as \fBta\fR. ! 521: .PP ! 522: Hazeltine terminals, which don't allow `~' characters to be printed should ! 523: indicate \fBhz\fR. ! 524: Datamedia terminals, which echo carriage-return linefeed for carriage return ! 525: and then ignore a following linefeed should indicate \fBnc\fR. ! 526: Early Concept terminals, which ignore a linefeed immediately after an \fBam\fR ! 527: wrap, should indicate \fBxn\fR. ! 528: If an erase-eol is required to get rid of standout ! 529: (instead of merely writing on top of it), ! 530: \fBxs\fP should be given. ! 531: Teleray terminals, where tabs turn all characters moved over to blanks, ! 532: should indicate \fBxt\fR. ! 533: Other specific terminal problems may be corrected by adding more ! 534: capabilities of the form \fBx\fIx\fR. ! 535: .PP ! 536: Other capabilities ! 537: include \fBis\fR, an initialization string for the terminal, ! 538: and \fBif\fR, the name of a file containing long initialization strings. ! 539: These strings are expected to properly clear and then set the tabs ! 540: on the terminal, if the terminal has settable tabs. ! 541: If both are given, \fBis\fR will be printed before \fBif\fR. ! 542: This is useful where \fBif\fR is ! 543: .I /usr/lib/tabset/std ! 544: but \fBis\fR ! 545: clears the tabs first. ! 546: .PP ! 547: .B Similar Terminals ! 548: .PP ! 549: If there are two very similar terminals, ! 550: one can be defined as being just like the other with certain exceptions. ! 551: The string capability \fBtc\fR can be given ! 552: with the name of the similar terminal. ! 553: This capability must be \fIlast\fP and the combined length of the two entries ! 554: must not exceed 1024. Since ! 555: .I termlib ! 556: routines search the entry from left to right, and since the tc capability is ! 557: replaced by the corresponding entry, the capabilities given at the left ! 558: override the ones in the similar terminal. ! 559: A capability can be canceled with \fBxx@\fR where xx is the capability. ! 560: For example, the entry ! 561: .PP ! 562: hn\||\|2621nl:ks@:ke@:tc=2621: ! 563: .PP ! 564: defines a 2621nl that does not have the \fBks\fR or \fBke\fR capabilities, ! 565: and hence does not turn on the function key labels when in visual mode. ! 566: This is useful for different modes for a terminal, or for different ! 567: user preferences. ! 568: .SH FILES ! 569: .DT ! 570: /etc/termcap file containing terminal descriptions ! 571: .SH SEE ALSO ! 572: ex(1), curses(3X), termcap(3X), tset(1), vi(1), ul(1), more(1) ! 573: .SH AUTHOR ! 574: William Joy ! 575: .br ! 576: Mark Horton added underlining and keypad support ! 577: .SH BUGS ! 578: .I Ex ! 579: allows only 256 characters for string capabilities, and the routines ! 580: in ! 581: .IR termcap (3X) ! 582: do not check for overflow of this buffer. ! 583: The total length of a single entry (excluding only escaped newlines) ! 584: may not exceed 1024. ! 585: .PP ! 586: The ! 587: .BR ma , ! 588: .BR vs , ! 589: and ! 590: .B ve ! 591: entries are specific to the ! 592: .I vi ! 593: program. ! 594: .PP ! 595: Not all programs support all entries. ! 596: There are entries that are not supported by any program.
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