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Annotation of cci/usr/src/man/man8/dump.8, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH DUMP 8 "4 February 1983"
        !             2: .UC 4
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: dump \- incremental file system dump
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B /etc/dump
        !             7: [ key [
        !             8: .I argument
        !             9: \&... ] filesystem ]
        !            10: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            11: .I Dump
        !            12: copies to magnetic tape all files
        !            13: changed after a certain date
        !            14: in the
        !            15: .I filesystem.
        !            16: The
        !            17: .I key
        !            18: specifies the date and other options about the dump.
        !            19: .I Key
        !            20: consists of characters from
        !            21: the set
        !            22: .B 0123456789fusdWn.
        !            23: .TP 5
        !            24: .B  0\-9
        !            25: This number is the `dump level'.
        !            26: All files modified since the last date stored
        !            27: in the file
        !            28: .I /etc/dumpdates
        !            29: for the same filesystem at lesser levels
        !            30: will be dumped.
        !            31: If no date is determined by the level,
        !            32: the beginning of time is assumed;
        !            33: thus the option
        !            34: .B 0
        !            35: causes the entire filesystem to be dumped.
        !            36: .TP 5
        !            37: .B f
        !            38: Place the dump on the next 
        !            39: .I argument 
        !            40: file
        !            41: instead of the tape.
        !            42: If the name of the file is ``\-'',
        !            43: .I dump 
        !            44: writes to standard output.
        !            45: .TP 5
        !            46: .B u
        !            47: If the dump completes successfully,
        !            48: write the date of the beginning of the dump on
        !            49: file
        !            50: .I /etc/dumpdates.
        !            51: This file records a separate date for
        !            52: each filesystem and each dump level.
        !            53: The format of
        !            54: .I /etc/dumpdates
        !            55: is readable by people, consisting of one
        !            56: free format record per line:
        !            57: filesystem name, increment level
        !            58: and
        !            59: .I ctime(3)
        !            60: format dump date.  
        !            61: .I /etc/dumpdates
        !            62: may be edited to change any of the fields,
        !            63: if necessary.
        !            64: .TP 5
        !            65: .B s
        !            66: The size of the dump tape is specified in feet.
        !            67: The number of feet is taken from the next
        !            68: .I argument.
        !            69: When the specified size is reached,
        !            70: .I dump
        !            71: will wait for reels to be changed.
        !            72: The default tape size is 2300 feet.
        !            73: .TP 5
        !            74: .B d
        !            75: The density of the tape, expressed in BPI,
        !            76: is taken from the next
        !            77: .I argument.
        !            78: This is used in calculating the amount of tape
        !            79: used per reel. The default is 1600.
        !            80: .TP 5
        !            81: .B W
        !            82: .I Dump
        !            83: tells the operator what file systems need to be dumped.
        !            84: This information is gleaned from the files
        !            85: .I /etc/dumpdates
        !            86: and
        !            87: .I /etc/fstab.
        !            88: The
        !            89: .B W
        !            90: option causes
        !            91: .I dump
        !            92: to print out, for each file system in
        !            93: .I /etc/dumpdates
        !            94: the most recent dump date and level,
        !            95: and highlights those file systems that should be dumped.
        !            96: If the 
        !            97: .B W
        !            98: option is set, all other options are ignored, and
        !            99: .I dump
        !           100: exits immediately.
        !           101: .TP 5
        !           102: .B w
        !           103: Is like W, but prints only those filesystems which need to be dumped.
        !           104: .TP 5
        !           105: .B n
        !           106: Whenever
        !           107: .I dump
        !           108: requires operator attention,
        !           109: notify by means similar to a
        !           110: .IR wall (1)
        !           111: all of the operators in the group \*(lqoperator\*(rq.
        !           112: .PP
        !           113: If no arguments are given,
        !           114: the
        !           115: .I key
        !           116: is assumed to be
        !           117: .B 9u
        !           118: and a default file system is dumped
        !           119: to the default tape.
        !           120: .PP
        !           121: .I Dump
        !           122: requires operator intervention on these conditions:
        !           123: end of tape,
        !           124: end of dump,
        !           125: tape write error,
        !           126: tape open error or
        !           127: disk read error (if there are more than a threshold of 32).
        !           128: In addition to alerting all operators implied by the
        !           129: .B n
        !           130: key,
        !           131: .I dump
        !           132: interacts with the operator on 
        !           133: .I dump's
        !           134: control terminal at times when
        !           135: .I dump
        !           136: can no longer proceed,
        !           137: or if something is grossly wrong.
        !           138: All questions
        !           139: .I dump
        !           140: poses
        !           141: .B must
        !           142: be answered by typing \*(lqyes\*(rq or \*(lqno\*(rq,
        !           143: appropriately.
        !           144: .PP
        !           145: Since making a dump involves a lot of time and effort for full dumps,
        !           146: .I dump
        !           147: checkpoints itself at the start of each tape volume.
        !           148: If writing that volume fails for some reason,
        !           149: .I dump
        !           150: will,
        !           151: with operator permission,
        !           152: restart itself from the checkpoint
        !           153: after the old tape has been rewound and removed,
        !           154: and a new tape has been mounted.
        !           155: .PP
        !           156: .I Dump
        !           157: tells the operator what is going on at periodic intervals,
        !           158: including usually low estimates of the number of blocks to write,
        !           159: the number of tapes it will take, the time to completion, and
        !           160: the time to the tape change.
        !           161: The output is verbose,
        !           162: so that others know that the terminal
        !           163: controlling
        !           164: .I dump
        !           165: is busy,
        !           166: and will be for some time.
        !           167: .PP
        !           168: Now a short suggestion on how to
        !           169: perform dumps.
        !           170: Start with a full level 0 dump
        !           171: .PP
        !           172:        dump 0un
        !           173: .PP
        !           174: Next, dumps of active file 
        !           175: systems are taken on a daily basis,
        !           176: using a modified Tower of Hanoi algorithm,
        !           177: with this sequence of dump levels:
        !           178: .ce 1
        !           179: 3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8 9 9 ...
        !           180: For the daily dumps, a set of 10 tapes per dumped file system
        !           181: is used on a cyclical basis.
        !           182: Each week, a level 1 dump is taken, and
        !           183: the daily Hanoi sequence repeats with 3.
        !           184: For weekly dumps, a set of 5 tapes per dumped file system is
        !           185: used, also on a cyclical basis.
        !           186: Each month, a level 0 dump is taken
        !           187: on a set of fresh tapes that is saved forever.
        !           188: .SH FILES
        !           189: .nf
        !           190: .ta \w'/etc/dumpdates\ \ 'u
        !           191: /dev/rfsd1c    default filesystem to dump from
        !           192: /dev/rcy0s     default tape unit to dump to
        !           193: /etc/ddate     old format dump date record (obsolete after \fB\-J\fR option)
        !           194: /etc/dumpdates new format dump date record 
        !           195: /etc/fstab     dump table: file systems and frequency
        !           196: /etc/group     to find group \fIoperator\fP
        !           197: .fi
        !           198: .DT
        !           199: .br
        !           200: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           201: restore(8),
        !           202: dump(5),
        !           203: fstab(5)
        !           204: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !           205: Many, and verbose.
        !           206: .SH BUGS
        !           207: .PP
        !           208: Sizes are based on 1600 BPI blocked tape;
        !           209: the raw magtape device has to be used to approach these densities.
        !           210: Fewer than 32 read errors on the filesystem are ignored.
        !           211: Each reel requires a new process, so parent processes for
        !           212: reels already written just hang around until the entire tape
        !           213: is written.
        !           214: .PP
        !           215: It would be nice if
        !           216: .I dump
        !           217: knew about the dump sequence,
        !           218: kept track of the tapes scribbled on,
        !           219: told the operator which tape to mount when,
        !           220: and provided more assistance
        !           221: for the operator running
        !           222: .IR restore .

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