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1.1     ! root        1: .TH INTRO 8S "28 Aug 1983"
        !             2: .UC 4
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: intro \- introduction to stand alone utilities: 
        !             5:  boot, ls, cat, vdformat, vdverify, fastcopy, devcopy
        !             6: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !             7: This section contains information related to  the stand alone
        !             8: utilities available in the /stand directory.  those 
        !             9: utilities are used to format/verify new drives, copy from tape to
        !            10: disk or from disk to disk, and install the root
        !            11: file system during installation procedures.
        !            12: .sp 2
        !            13: DEVICE NAMES:
        !            14: .PP
        !            15: The stand alone utilities has a set of names for devices, which are different
        !            16: from the full names for the devices.
        !            17: The disk and tape names used by the stand alone utilities are:
        !            18: .sp 1
        !            19: .nf
        !            20: .ta +8n +1n +14
        !            21:        160 Mb FSD disks - fsd
        !            22:        300 Mb SMD disks - smd
        !            23:        340 Mb FSD disks - xfd
        !            24:        515 Mb FSD disks - xsd
        !            25:        Cypher tapes     - cyp
        !            26: .fi
        !            27: .DE
        !            28: .PP
        !            29: The stand-alone boot, used to bootstrap the full Power 6 Unix system,
        !            30: uses device names:
        !            31: .sp 1
        !            32:        xxx(y,z)
        !            33: .sp 1
        !            34: where \fIxxx\fP is either fsd, smd, xfd, xsd, or cyp.
        !            35: The value \fIy\fP
        !            36: specifies the device to use.
        !            37: The \fIz\fP
        !            38: value is interpreted differently for tapes and disks:
        !            39: for disks it is a disk \fIpartition\fP (in the range 0-7),
        !            40: and for tapes it is a file number on the tape.
        !            41: .PP
        !            42: Each physical disk is divided into 8 logical disk partitions,
        !            43: each of which may occupy any consecutive cylinder range on the
        !            44: physical device.  The cylinders occupied
        !            45: by the 8 partitions for each drive type
        !            46: are specified in section 4 of the programmers manual
        !            47: (\fIvddc\fP(4))
        !            48: and in the disk description file /etc/disktab (c.f.
        !            49: \fIdisktab\fP(5)).
        !            50: .PP
        !            51: All the utilities are loaded by the boot program which is started
        !            52: in the mode which asks the user which file to load (See boot description
        !            53: below). After each execution
        !            54: the utility restarts from the beginning waiting for new arguments from
        !            55: the user. To execute another utility
        !            56: the boot has to be restarted.
        !            57: .SH "LIST OF PROGRAMS"
        !            58: .sp 2
        !            59: .ta \w'fastcopy'u+4n
        !            60: .HP 14
        !            61: \fIProgram\fP  \fIDescription\fP
        !            62: .ta \w'fastcopy'u+6n
        !            63: .sp 1
        !            64: .HP 14
        !            65: boot   system boot program. Boots by default file /vmunix on
        !            66: the default boot disk, unless cp monitor command (p23 2. or p23 3.) is
        !            67: used during the cold boot process.
        !            68: .br
        !            69: p23 2. boots /vmunix to single user mode while p23 3. asks the user for
        !            70: boot device and file to boot. This is also the command used to get the
        !            71: boot activate the stand alone utilities.
        !            72: See Power 6 Installation Manual and Console Processor Manual for detail.
        !            73: .HP 14
        !            74: ls     list a directory. Asks the user for directory name of the form
        !            75: disk(unit,block)pathname.
        !            76: .HP 14
        !            77: cat    print a file on the console
        !            78: .HP 14
        !            79: vdformat       format drives on a vddc controller. Can format any drive
        !            80: on any controller. Asks the user for controller number and drive name.
        !            81: The name "other" can be used for a drive which is not one of the drive
        !            82: types known to the driver (fsd, smd, xfd and xsd).  In this
        !            83: case the program
        !            84: asks the user for the drive parameters. (number of heads, sectors and
        !            85: cylinders). The format takes 5 to 10 minutes to complete, depending on
        !            86: the drive type. 
        !            87: .br
        !            88: An option to read/verify the drive is available after
        !            89: the formatting. The program uses a full track read commands to read the
        !            90: whole drive. Soft errors are reported while hard error terminates the
        !            91: verify process. See the VDDC manual for status words reported by the
        !            92: program.
        !            93: .HP 14
        !            94: vdverify       read/verify a drive on a vddc controller. Same as the
        !            95: verify option of the vdformat program.
        !            96: .HP 14
        !            97: fastcopy       a fast copy program from tape to disk or from
        !            98: disk to disk. It uses a large buffer (up to 63 Kbytes) for each read/
        !            99: write operation.
        !           100: .HP 14
        !           101: devcopy        disk/tape to disk copy program. This program uses a 1Kbytes buffer
        !           102: for I/O.

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