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1.1 root 1: .RP
2: .TL
3: How to Set Up Termcap Entries for EM3277 Keyboard Mapping
4: .AU
5: Risa Galant
6: .AI
7: D. L. Buck and Associates, Inc.
8: .AB
9: .PP
10: The IBM 3277 terminal keyboard has many special-purpose keys unique
11: to it which are used by applications programs interfacing
12: with it.
13: To properly emulate the terminal, there must be a general way to
14: define and enter equivalents of those keys on non-IBM terminals.
15: This paper describes a method for doing this.
16: .FS
17: DLBA @(#)emhelp.txt 1.6
18: .FE
19: .PP
20: The EM3277 package allows the system administrator or installer to
21: define a keyboard mapping arrangement for most ASCII asynchronous
22: terminals such that function keys available on that terminal may be
23: used to emulate other keys on the IBM terminal.
24: Definitions for those special keys must be placed in the
25: .I /etc/termcap
26: file, a special terminal capability database which is also used to define
27: the asynchronous terminal's control sequences for cursor positioning,
28: highlighting data, and other special features.
29: .AE
30: .LP
31: .I /etc/termcap
32: is a database which decribes terminals by describing their capabilities and
33: how operations are performed on them.
34: It is used by screen editor
35: .I vi
36: and utility library
37: .I curses
38: to determine what various character sequences sent from a
39: terminal mean. Used with the
40: .I curses
41: library, it allows applications programs to be terminal-independent
42: but still invoke screen-oriented actions such as cursor positioning,
43: screen erasing, and highlighting.
44: .LP
45: .I Em3277
46: has a
47: .I help
48: function which examines
49: .I /etc/termcap
50: entries to display a map of the keys on a
51: terminal which correspond to 3270 function keys.
52: When the user answers the question:
53: .DS
54: Would you like help? (Y/N):
55: .DE
56: .LP
57: with a lower- or upper-case 'y', the following keyboard map is displayed if
58: the proper
59: .I /etc/termcap
60: entries have been made:
61: .LP
62: .TS
63: center,box;
64: c s s s
65: c s s s
66: c s s s
67: l l|l l.
68: Terminal: <termtype>
69: The keyboard map for your terminal is as follows:
70:
71: 3270 Name [termtype] Key 3270 Name [termtype] Key
72: _
73: RESET [keyname] PF7 [keyname]
74: ENTER [keyname] PF8 [keyname]
75: CLEAR [keyname] PF9 [keyname]
76: BACKTAB [keyname] PF10 [keyname]
77: ERASE-EOF [keyname] PF11 [keyname]
78: ERASE-INP [keyname] PF12 [keyname]
79: INSERT [keyname] Shell cmd [special key],![cmd]
80: DELETE [keyname] FM [keyname]
81: PA1 [keyname] DUP [keyname]
82: PA2 [keyname] Stats [special key],s
83: PA3 [keyname] Exit [special key],q
84: PF1 [keyname] TAB [keyname]
85: PF2 [keyname]
86: PF3 [keyname] Resetkey [keyname]
87: PF4 [keyname] Help Key [keyname]
88: PF5 [keyname] Stat Key [keyname]
89: PF6 [keyname] Printkey [keyname]
90: .TE
91: .LP
92: The name of the terminal for which the map is made is substituted for
93: .I termtype.
94: The names of keys on that terminal which are used to perform the 3270 functions
95: listed are substituted for
96: .I keyname.
97: .LP
98: The system administrator or installer must make entries in
99: .I /etc/termcap
100: defining the character sequence generated by the key being
101: mapped to perform a particular 3270 function,
102: and the name of the key which generates that sequence. If a
103: particular 3270 function isn't being used (no entry has been made for it
104: in
105: .I /etc/termcap),
106: "No Assignment" is displayed for the keyname.
107: .LP
108: Sequence
109: entries in
110: .I /etc/termcap
111: are noted and saved in a table by
112: .I em3277's
113: set up routine. When the sequence arrives at the terminal (the user presses
114: the key which generates the sequence)
115: .I em3277
116: looks it up in the table and matches it with the function to be performed.
117: Name entries in
118: .I /etc/termcap
119: are used by the
120: .I em_help
121: routine to display the name of the key which, when pressed, will cause
122: .I em3277
123: to perform the function.
124: .LP
125: Sequence entries are made as follows:
126: .ID
127: S<i>=<sequence>
128: .DE
129: where
130: .I <i>
131: is a one-character index, 0-z, and
132: .I <sequence>
133: is the sequence of characters generated by the key.
134: .LP
135: Name entries are made as follows:
136: .ID
137: N<i>=<key name>
138: .DE
139: where
140: .I <i>
141: is a one-character index, 0-z,
142: and
143: .I
144: <key name>
145: .R
146: is the name of the key which generates the sequence.
147: .LP
148: .I em_help
149: constructs key name labels and, using
150: .I termcap
151: functions, retrieves them from the
152: .I termcap
153: database
154: .I (/etc/termcap).
155: .LP
156: 3270 function keys should be defined as follows:
157: .LP
158: .TS
159: center,box;
160: l|c|l|c|l|c|l|c.
161: Termcap Name Function Label Termcap Name Function Label
162: _
163: S0 RESET N0 P5 PF5 Nf
164: S1 ENTER N1 P6 PF6 Ng
165: S2 CLEAR N2 P7 PF7 Nh
166: S3 BACKTAB N3 P8 PF8 Nj
167: S4 ERASE_EOF N4 P9 PF9 Nk
168: S5 ERASE_INP N5 Pa PF10 Nm
169: S6 INSERT N6 Pb PF11 Nn
170: S7 DELETE N7 Pc PF12 No
171: A1 PA1 N8 S0 Shell Command Np
172: A2 PA2 N9 S9 FM Nq
173: A3 PA3 Na S8 DUP Nr
174: P1 PF1 Nb S0 Statistics Ns
175: P2 PF2 Nc S0 Exit Nt
176: P3 PF3 Nd tc TAB Nu
177: P4 PF4 Ne SZ Resetkey NZ
178: SH Helpkey NH ST Statkey NT
179: SP Printkey NP
180: .TE
181: .LP
182: To illustrate, let's say that your terminal's keyboard has some function
183: keys, F1 through F10, which you'd like to use as 3270 function keys
184: PF1 through PF10. By looking in the manual for your terminal, or by
185: using the
186: .I od(1)
187: utility, you've determined that F1 generates the sequence ESC?a, F2
188: generates ESC?b, F3 generates ESC?c, etc. So, using the above table,
189: you make entries in
190: .I /etc/termcap
191: for the key sequences as follows:
192: .IP
193: :P1=\\E?a:P2=\\E?b:P3=\\E?c:P4=\\E?d:....
194: .LP
195: Still using the above table, you make the name entries as follows:
196: .IP
197: :Nb=F1:Nc=F2:Nd=F3:Ne=F4:....
198: .LP
199: When you call on
200: .I em_help
201: to print a keyboard map, it'll tell you that PF1 is F1, PF2 is F2, etc.
202: .LP
203: To illustrate further, suppose that there are Zentec Zephyr
204: terminals at your installation,
205: and you have determined that you'll use function keys labeled F1 through F12 for
206: 3270 functions PF1 through PF12.
207: To use the keyboard map facility of the
208: .I em_help
209: module, you make entries in
210: .I /etc/termcap's
211: zephyr description as follows:
212: .LP
213: .DS
214: :Nb=F1:Nc=F2:Nd=F3:Ne=F4:Nf=F5:Ng=F6:Nh=F7:\\\\
215: :Nj=F8:Nk=F9:Nm=F10:Nn=F11:No=F12:
216: .DE
217: .LP
218: The following partial
219: .I /etc/termcap
220: entry for the Zentec Zephyr terminal should give you an idea as to how to
221: make key name entries:
222: .DS L
223: z1|zeph|zephyr|zentec zephyr:\\\\
224: :N0=F16,r:N1=New Line:N2=Clear Page:N3=BACKTAB:N4=Line Delete:\\\\
225: :N5=Line Clear:N6=INS:N7=DEL:N8=F13:N9=F14:Na=F15:\\\\
226: :Nb=F1:Nc=F2:Nd=F3:Ne=F4:Nf=F5:Ng=F6:Nh=F7:Nj=F8:Nk=F9:Nm=F10:\\\\
227: :Nn=F11:No=F12:Np=F16,!<cmd>:Ns=F16,s:Nt=F16,q:Nu=TAB:\\\\
228: :Nq=Shift-F1:Nr=Shift-F2: ....
229: .DE
230: .LP
231: .bp
232: .LP
233: The
234: .I help
235: facility will produce the following keyboard map:
236: .TS
237: center,box;
238: c s s s
239: c s s s
240: c s s s
241: c c|c c
242: l l|l l.
243: Terminal: zentec zephyr
244: The keyboard map for your terminal is as follows:
245:
246: 3270 Name zentec zephyr Key 3270 Name zentec zephyr Key
247: _
248: RESET F16,r PF7 F7
249: ENTER New Line PF8 F8
250: CLEAR Clear Page PF9 F9
251: BACKTAB BACKTAB PF10 F10
252: ERASE-EOF Delete Line PF11 F11
253: ERASE-INP Clear Line PF12 F12
254: INSERT INS Shell cmd F16,!<cmd>
255: DELETE DEL FM Shift-F1
256: PA1 F13 DUP Shift-F2
257: PA2 F14 Stats F16,s
258: PA3 F15 Exit F16,q
259: PF1 F1 TAB TAB
260: PF2 F2
261: PF3 F3 Resetkey No Assignment
262: PF4 F4 Help Key No Assignment
263: PF5 F5 Stat Key No Assignment
264: PF6 F6 Printkey No Assignment
265: .TE
266: .SH
267: SEE ALSO:
268: .DS
269: TERMCAP(5)
270: od(1)
271: .DE
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