coherent/a/etc/helpfile - view

File: [MW Coherent from dump] / coherent / a / etc / helpfile
Revision 1.1.1.1 (vendor branch): download - view: text, annotated - select for diffs
Wed May 29 04:56:33 2019 UTC (7 years, 2 months ago) by root
Branches: MarkWilliams, MAIN
CVS tags: relic, HEAD

coherent

#ac aacc -- Summarize login accounting information aacc [ -ddpp ] [ -ww _w_f_i_l_e ][ _u_s_e_r_n_a_m_e ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -dd Itemize for each midnight-midnight period -pp Itemize by individual users -ww _w_t_m_p Obtain raw statistics from _w_t_m_p rather than /uussrr/aaddmm/wwttmmpp If users are specified, only they are considered. #accton aaccccttoonn -- Enable/disable process accounting /eettcc/aaccccttoonn [ _f_i_l_e ] Normally _f_i_l_e is /uussrr/aaddmm/aacccctt. If no _f_i_l_e argument is included, disable process accounting. #alias aalliiaass -- Set an alias aalliiaass [-dd] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e ...]] kksshh only. #ar aarr -- The librarian/archiver aarr _o_p_t_i_o_n [_m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r][_p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n] _a_r_c_h_i_v_e [_m_e_m_b_e_r ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: dd Delete given members mm Move member to indicated position (default, end) pp Print members qq Quick append, put members at end with no checking rr Replace each member specified in the archive tt Print a table of members (default, all) xx Extract the specified members (default, all) _M_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s: aa Place new member after _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n in archive bb Place new member before _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n in archive cc Suppress message when new archive is created ii Insert new member before _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n in archive kk Preserve modify time of file (with options rr, qq, or xx) ll Use current directory for temporaries (default, /ttmmpp) ss Update ranlib header even if not present (with options rr or mm) uu Update: replace members only if newer than those in archive vv Print extra information when used with certain options #as aass -- i80X86 assembler aass [-ggllxx] [ -oo_f_i_l_e ] _f_i_l_e ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -gg Make all undefined symbols global -ll Output listing to standard output -oo _d_e_s_t Rename output file _d_e_s_t (default, ll.oouutt) -xx Strip local symbols from symbol table #at aatt -- Execute commands at given time aatt [ -vv ] [ -cc _c_o_m_m_a_n_d ] _t_i_m_e [ [ _d_a_y ] _w_e_e_k ] [ _f_i_l_e ] aatt [ -vv ] [ -cc _c_o_m_m_a_n_d ] _t_i_m_e _m_o_n_t_h _d_a_y [ _f_i_l_e ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc Following argument gives command -vv Print time for which command is set If _f_i_l_e is given, read commands from it. If neither _f_i_l_e nor -cc is given, read commands from stdin. #awk aawwkk -- Pattern-scanning language aawwkk [-yy][-FF_c][-ff _p_r_o_g_f_i_l_e][_p_r_o_g][_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -FF_c Set field separator character to _c (default, blank, and tab) -ff _p_r_o_g_f_i_l_e is the aawwkk program; otherwise, first non-option argument is aawwkk program -yy Dual case match (as in ggrreepp) If no _f_i_l_e is present, the stdin is used. File `-' means stdin. #bad bbaadd -- Maintain list of bad blocks bbaadd _o_p_t_i_o_n _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m [ block ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: aa Add blocks cc Clear bad-block list dd Delete blocks ll List blocks #badscan bbaaddssccaann -- Build bad block list /eettcc/bbaaddssccaann [ -vv ] [ -oo _p_r_o_t_o ] [ -bb _b_o_o_t ] _d_e_v_i_c_e _s_i_z_e /eettcc/bbaaddssccaann [ -vv ] [ -oo _p_r_o_t_o ] [ -bb _b_o_o_t ] _d_e_v_i_c_e _x_d_e_v_i_c_e _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -bb _b_o_o_t Insert bootstrap _b_o_o_t into _p_r_o_t_o -oo _p_r_o_t_o Write prototype into file _p_r_o_t_o -vv Print estimate of time remaining Scan _d_e_v_i_c_e of _s_i_z_e bytes (or size given in hard disk partition table _x_d_e_v_i_c_e) for bad blocks, write prototype to stdout. #banner bbaannnneerr -- Print large letters bbaannnneerr [ _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ... ] Print each _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t as one line of large-text output. If no arguments, print each line from stdin as a line of large output. #basename bbaasseennaammee -- Strip path information from a file name bbaasseennaammee _f_i_l_e [ _s_u_f_f_i_x ] #bc bbcc -- Interactive calculator with arbitrary precision bbcc [ -ll ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n: -ll Use the extended bbcc library After reading each _f_i_l_e, bbcc reads stdin. #bind bbiinndd -- Bind key sequence to editing command bbiinndd [-mm] [_s_t_r_i_n_g [= _c_o_m_m_a_n_d]] _O_p_t_i_o_n: -mm Bind multiple commands to one keystroke With no arguments, bbiinndd displays all current bindings. kksshh only. #break bbrreeaakk -- Exit from shell construct bbrreeaakk [ _n ] Exit from _n (default, one) ffoorr, uunnttiill, or wwhhiillee constructs. The shell executes bbrreeaakk directly. #build bbuuiilldd -- Install COHERENT onto a hard disk /eettcc/bbuuiilldd #builtin bbuuiillttiinn -- Execute a command as a built-in command bbuuiillttiinn _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ _a_r_g ... ] kksshh only. #c cc -- Print multi-column output cc [ -ll_N ] [ -ww_N ] [ -001122 ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ll_N Set the page length to _N lines -ww_N Set the page width to _N columns -00 Order fields horizontally across the page -11 Order fields vertically down each column (default) -22 Special case of -1 #cal ccaall -- Print a calendar ccaall [ _m_o_n_t_h ] [ _y_e_a_r ] #calendar ccaalleennddaarr -- Reminder service ccaalleennddaarr [ -aa ] [ -ff_f_i_l_e ]... [ -dd[_d_a_t_e] ] [ -ww[_d_a_t_e] ] [ -mm[_m_o_n_t_h] ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Search calendars of all users and send mail -ff_f_i_l_e Search each _f_i_l_e in order given -dd[_d_a_t_e] Print all entries matching _d_a_t_e -ww[_d_a_t_e] Print entries in the week beginning with _d_a_t_e -mm[_m_o_n_t_h] Print entries in the given _m_o_n_t_h The default calendar is $HHOOMMEE/.ccaalleennddaarr. The default date is today. #case ccaassee -- Execute commands conditionally according to pattern ccaassee _t_o_k_e_n iinn [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n [|_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] ...) _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e ;;] ... eessaacc The shell executes ccaassee directly. #cat ccaatt -- Concatenate/print files ccaatt [ -uu ][ _f_i_l_e ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n: -uu Do not buffer output in 512-byte blocks File `-' indicates the standard input. If no _f_i_l_e is specified, ccaatt reads stdin. #cc cccc -- Compiler controller cccc [_c_o_m_p_i_l_e_r _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _f_i_l_e .... [_l_i_n_k_e_r _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -BB[ssttrr] Use backup compiler versions -cc Compile only -- no load -DDnnaammee[=_v_a_l_u_e] Tell ccpppp to define _n_a_m_e with _v_a_l_u_e -EE Run ccpppp only and send its output to stdout -ff Include floating point output routines in load -IInnaammee Tell ccpppp to look for header files in directory _n_a_m_e -KK Keep intermediate files -ll_n_a_m_e Pass /lliibb/lliibb_n_a_m_e.aa to linker lldd -MM_s_t_r Use alternative machine versions -NN[pp0011aabb22ssddllrrtt]_s_t_r Rename specified pass to _s_t_r -OO Run peephole optimizer of C compiler -qq[pp0011aabb22ss] Quit after specified pass -SS Place C compiler assembler output in a .ss file -tt[pp0011aabb22ssddllrrtt] Take specified compiler phases -UU_n_a_m_e Tell ccpppp to remove any initial definition of _n_a_m_e -VV Run verbosely -VV_n_a_m_e Toggle variant VV_n_a_m_e Compiles files ending .cc; assembles files ending in .ss; passes other options and files to the linker lldd. #cd ccdd -- Change directory ccdd _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y If no _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y specified, $HHOOMMEE is assumed. The shell executes ccdd directly. #cgrep ccggrreepp -- Pattern search for C source programs ccggrreepp [-ccllnnssAA] [-rr _n_e_w] _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n _f_i_l_e ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc Print all C comments -ll Return file where _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n found -nn Prefix each line containing _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_s with its number in its source file -rr Replaces each _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n with _n_e_w -ss Print all C strings -AA Build _e_r_r_o_r _l_i_s_t for interactive editing using MicroEMACS, like -AA option to the cccc command #chase cchhaassee -- Highly amusing video game /uussrr/ggaammeess/cchhaassee [ -cc ] [ _s_p_e_e_d ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc Color video card _s_p_e_e_d Speed of game: the lower the number, the faster the speed (default, 10) #check cchheecckk -- Check file system cchheecckk [-ss] _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m ... _O_p_t_i_o_n: -ss Salvage as much as possible, given the problems detected #chgrp cchhggrrpp -- Change the group owner of a file cchhggrrpp _g_r_o_u_p _f_i_l_e ... #chmod cchhmmoodd -- Change the modes of a file cchhmmoodd +_m_o_d_e_s _f_i_l_e cchhmmoodd -_m_o_d_e_s _f_i_l_e Mode may be octal or a comma-separated symbolic list: [_w_h_i_c_h]_h_o_w_p_e_r_m...[,...] _w_h_i_c_h: aa User, group, and other permissions gg Group permissions oo Other permissions uu User permissions Missing _w_h_i_c_h implies that `a', `g', `o', and `u' can be combined. _h_o_w: = Set permissions + Add permissions - Take away permissions _p_e_r_m: gg Current group permissions oo Current other permissions rr Read ss Setuid on execution tt Sticky bit (save text) uu Current user permissions ww Write xx Execute #chown cchhoowwnn -- Change the owner of files cchhoowwnn _o_w_n_e_r _f_i_l_e ... #clear cclleeaarr -- Clear the screen cclleeaarr #clri ccllrrii -- Clear i-node /eettcc/ccllrrii _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m _i_n_u_m_b_e_r ... #cmp ccmmpp -- Compare bytes of two files ccmmpp [-llss] _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 [_s_k_i_p_1 _s_k_i_p_2] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ll Print byte number and bytes at each difference -ss Return status (print nothing) If _f_i_l_e_1 is `-', use stdin. If _s_k_i_p_1 and _s_k_i_p_2 are present, they are the number of bytes to skip before comparing _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2, respectively. #col ccooll -- Remove reverse and half-line motions ccooll [ -bbddffxx ][ -pp_n ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -bb Output device cannot backspace -dd Double spaced output -ff The output device can handle half lines (has precedence over -dd) -pp_n Set page buffer to _n lines (default, 128) -xx Suppress conversion of white space to tabs on output #comm ccoommmm -- Print common lines ccoommmm [ -112233 ] _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -11 Suppress column 1 -22 Suppress column 2 -33 Suppress column 3 Column 1 has lines unique to _f_i_l_e_1; column 2 has lines unique to _f_i_l_e_2; column 3 has lines common to both files. Both files should be sorted. #compress ccoommpprreessss -- Compress a file ccoommpprreessss [ -ddffvvcc ] [ -bb_n_u_m ] [ -ww _t_m_p_f_i_l_e ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -bb_n_u_m Set compression to _n_u_m -cc Send output to ssttddoouutt -dd Decompress, rather than compress -ff Force output file, even if no space saved by compression -vv Verbose mode -ww _t_m_p_f_i_l_e Use _t_m_p_f_i_l_e as the workfile (default, /ddeevv/rraamm11) #continue ccoonnttiinnuuee -- Terminate current iteration of shell construct ccoonnttiinnuuee [ _n ] Terminate current iteration of _n (default, one) ffoorr, uunnttiill, or wwhhiillee constructs. The shell executes ccoonnttiinnuuee directly. #conv ccoonnvv -- Numeric base converter ccoonnvv [_n_u_m_b_e_r] If no _n_u_m_b_e_r is given, reads one number per line from stdin. #cp ccpp -- Copy a file ccpp [ -dd ] _o_l_d_n_a_m_e _n_e_w_n_a_m_e ccpp [ -dd ] _f_i_l_e_1 ... _f_i_l_e_N _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _O_p_t_i_o_n: -dd Preserve date (_m_t_i_m_e) on destination files. #cpdir ccppddiirr -- Copy directory hierarchy ccppddiirr [_o_p_t_i_o_n ... ] _d_i_r_1 _d_i_r_2 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Verbose file by file account on one line -dd Preserve last-modified date -ee Recover from errors and continue -rr[_n] _R_e_c_u_r _n levels only (default, one) -ss_n_a_m_e Suppress copy of _n_a_m_e, which is relative to _d_i_r_1 -tt Test and report errors do not change anything -uu Update regular files if more recent -vv Verbose file by file account #cpio ccppiioo -- Archiving/backup utility ccppiioo -oo[BBaaccvv] ccppiioo -ii[BBccddffmmrrttuuvv] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n...] ccppiioo -pp[aaddllmmrruuvv] _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Reset access time of input files after copying -BB Change size of a block -cc Write header information in ASCII rather than binary -dd Create directories as needed -ff_p_a_t_t_e_r_n Copy all files except those matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n -ii Read the standard input -ll Link files rather than copying them -mm Retain previous modification times -oo_p_a_t_t_e_r_n Copy all files matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n -pp Read stdin for files names to copy to destination -rr Interactively rename files -tt Print table of contents of an existing archive -uu Copy files unconditionally -vv Verbose output #cpp ccpppp -- C preprocessor /lliibb/ccpppp [_o_p_t_i_o_n...] [_f_i_l_e...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -DD_V_A_R_I_A_B_L_E Define _V_A_R_I_A_B_L_E -II _d_i_r Search _d_i_r for header files -oo _f_i_l_e Write output into _f_i_l_e -UU_V_A_R_I_A_B_L_E Undefine _V_A_R_I_A_B_L_E #crypt ccrryypptt -- Encrypt/decrypt text ccrryypptt [_p_a_s_s_w_o_r_d] Password is ten characters or fewer. The same password encrypts and decrypts. #ctags ccttaaggss -- Generate tags and refs files for vi editor ccttaaggss [-rr] _f_i_l_e_s... #cut ccuutt -- Select portions of each line of its input ccuutt -cc_l_i_s_t [_f_i_l_e ...] ccuutt -ff_l_i_s_t [-ss] [-dd _c_h_a_r] [_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc _l_i_s_t _l_i_s_t specifies character positions -dd _c_h_a_r Use _c_h_a_r as field delimiter -ff _l_i_s_t _l_i_s_t specifies fields -ss Suppress lines without field delimiters #date ddaattee -- Print/set the date and time ddaattee [-ss] [-uu] [[_y_y_m_m_d_d]_h_h_m_m[._s_s]] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ss Suppress daylight savings time conversion -uu Print (and enter) date in Greenwich Mean Time #db ddbb -- Assembler-level symbolic debugger ddbb [-ccddeeffoorrtt] [_m_a_p_f_i_l_e] [_d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc Map _d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e as a core file -dd Map _d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e as a system dump; _m_a_p_f_i_l_e defaults to /ccoohheerreenntt -ee Next argument is object file and rest of command line is passed to the child process -ff Map _d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e as binary data -oo _d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e is an object file -rr Access all files read-only -tt Perform input and output via /ddeevv/ttttyy rather than stdin and stdout By default, _d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e is assumed to be an object file. _m_a_p_f_i_l_e defaults to ll.oouutt and _d_a_t_a_f_i_l_e defaults to ccoorree. #dc ddcc -- Desk calculator ddcc [_f_i_l_e] Arbitrary precision desk calculator with registers, using reverse-Polish notation. Reads input from _f_i_l_e if given, then from stdin. #dcheck ddcchheecckk -- Check directory consistency ddcchheecckk [-ss] [-ii _i_n_u_m_b_e_r...] _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ss Cause ddcchheecckk to correct link counts automatically -ii Print information about each given i-number #dd dddd -- File conversion dddd [_o_p_t_i_o_n=_v_a_l_u_e] ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: bbss=_n Set I/O buffer size to _n ccbbss=_n Set conversion buffer size to _n ccoonnvv=_l_i_s_t Comma-separated list of conversions: aasscciiii Convert EBCDIC to ASCII eebbccddiicc Convert ASCII to standard EBCDIC iibbmm Convert ASCII to IBM print codes llccaassee Map all letters to lower case nnooeerrrroorr Continue if error occurs sswwaabb Swap byte pairs ssyynncc Pad input to _i_b_s uuccaassee Map all letters to upper case ccoouunntt=_n Number of buffers to copy from input ffiilleess=_n Number of files to copy (useful with tape) iibbss=_n Input buffer size iiff=_f_i_l_e Set input file to _f_i_l_e oobbss=_n Set output block size to _n ooff=_f_i_l_e Set output file to _f_i_l_e sseeeekk=_n Set seek position of output to _n sskkiipp=_n Skip _n input blocks #deroff ddeerrooffff -- Remove text formatting control information ddeerrooffff [-ww] [-xx] [_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ww Divide the output into words, one per line -xx Extra knowledge of macro packages #detab ddeettaabb -- Replace tab characters with spaces ddeettaabb [-tt_t_a_b_s_i_z_e] _O_p_t_i_o_n: -tt_t_a_b_s_i_z_e Set _t_a_b_s_i_z_e (2-256, inclusive) #df ddff -- Measure free space on disk ddff [-aaiitt] _d_e_v_i_c_e _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Give entries only for mounted devices -ii Summarize i-node usage -tt Give total number of blocks on _d_e_v_i_c_e #diff ddiiffff -- Summarize differences between two files ddiiffff [-bbddeeffhh] [-cc _s_y_m_b_o_l] _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -bb Ignore trailing blanks; all strings of blanks are equal -cc _s_y_m Make ccpppp input conditionalized on _s_y_m -dd Use -hh algorithm for large (>25,000 character) files -ee Make eedd script -ff Make fake (non-usable) eedd script -hh Half-hearted algorithm (works on long files) -ss Make sseedd script If either _f_i_l_e_1 or _f_i_l_e_2 is `-', stdin is used. If one _f_i_l_e is a directory, the other _f_i_l_e under that directory is used. #diff3 ddiiffff33 -- Summarize differences among three files ddiiffff33 [-eexx33] _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 _f_i_l_e_3 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ee Make eedd script to change _f_i_l_e_2 and _f_i_l_e to _f_i_l_e_1 (changes marked with ==== oorr ====33) -xx Above script with changes marked ==== (all different) -33 Above script with changes marked ====33 (_f_i_l_e_3 different) #dirs ddiirrss -- Print the contents of the directory stack ddiirrss sshh only. #disable ddiissaabbllee -- Disable a port /eettcc/ddiissaabbllee _p_o_r_t... #dos ddooss -- Transfer files to/from an MS-DOS file system ddooss [-]ddFFllrrttxx[_f_l_a_g_s] [_d_e_v_i_c_e] [_f_i_l_e ...] _C_o_m_m_a_n_d_s: dd Delete specified files FF Build MS-DOS file system (format) ll[_l_a_b_e_l] Label disk rr Replace _f_i_l_e_s (default, all files in `.') tt List contents (default, all files) xx Extract specified _f_i_l_e_s (default, all files) _F_l_a_g_s: aa ASCII data extract/replace (default, binary data) cc Read only; do not write changes to MS-DOS file system kk Keep _m_t_i_m_e on extract/replace (default, now) nn Newest files first in list (default, alphabetized) pp Piped extract/replace ss_d_i_r Suppress subdirectory _d_i_r vv Verbose [11-99] Specify logical drive on extended MS-DOS partition The default device is /ddeevv/ddooss. #drvld ddrrvvlldd -- Load a loadable driver into memory /eettcc/ddrrvvlldd -rr _d_r_i_v_e_r _O_p_t_i_o_n: -rr Remove any temporary files it creates in directory /ttmmpp. #du dduu -- Summarize disk usage dduu [-aa] [-ss] [_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Print an entry for each file -ss Print only a summary #dump dduummpp -- File-system backup utility dduummpp [_o_p_t_i_o_n_s] [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: 00-99 Set dump level (default, 9) bb Next argument is blocking factor (default, 20) dd Next argument is density in bpi (default, 1600) ff Next argument is output device name ss Next argument is tape length in feet (default, 2300) SS Next argument is floppy disk size in blocks uu Update /eettcc/ddddaattee vv Verbose (display date and tape length) #dumpdate dduummppddaattee -- Print dump dates dduummppddaattee [_f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m ...] #dumpdir dduummppddiirr -- Print the directory of a dump dduummppddiirr [aaff [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ...] ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: aa List normally suppressed `.' and `..' names ff Next argument is dump device name (default, /ddeevv/dduummpp) #echo eecchhoo -- Repeat/expand an argument eecchhoo [-nn] [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n: -nn Do not print terminal newline Copies all command arguments to the standard output, with the following special-character sequences being replaced with the equivalent ASCII character: \bb Backspace \cc Print line without a newline (like -nn option) \ff Formfeed \nn Newline \rr Carriage return \tt Tab \vv Vertical tab \\ Backslash \00_n_n_n _n_n_n is octal value of desired character #ed eedd -- Interactive line editor eedd [-] [+ccmmooppssvv] [_f_i_l_e] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: - Suppress character counts on rr, ww, ee commands -xx Encrypt _f_i_l_e +cc Print character counts on rr, ww, ee +mm Allow multiple commands per line +oo Print line counts instead of character counts +pp Prompt for each command with `*' +ss Lower case matches upper in patterns +vv Verbose error messages #egrep eeggrreepp -- Extended pattern search eeggrreepp [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] [_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -bb Each output line has block number of match -cc Print only a count of the matching lines -ee Next argument is _p_a_t_t_e_r_n -ff Next argument is file with one pattern per line -hh Suppress printing of file names on matched lines -ll Print only names of files containing matches -nn Print line number of file with each matched line output -ss Suppress output, just return status -vv Negate the sense of match -yy Lower-case letters in _p_a_t_t_e_r_n match upper- and lower-case The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is a pattern roughly like that found in eedd. If no _f_i_l_e is specified, stdin is read. eeggrreepp is like ggrreepp -aa, but is an order of magnitude faster. #elvis eellvviiss -- Clone of Berkeley-standard screen editor eellvviiss [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ +_c_m_d ] [ _f_i_l_e_1 ... _f_i_l_e_2_7 ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ee Begin in colon-command mode -ii Begin in input mode -rr Recover a previous edit -RR Read-only mode -tt _t_a_g Begin editing at _t_a_g -mm Use in error-handling mode -vv Begin in visual-command mode +_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute _c_o_m_m_a_n_d before editing #enable eennaabbllee -- Enable a port /eettcc/eennaabbllee _p_o_r_t... #epson eeppssoonn -- Print files on Epson printer eeppssoonn [ -ccddffrrww88 ] [ -bb _h_e_a_d ] [ -ii _n ] [ -oo _o_f_i_l_e ] [ -ss _n ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: bb _h_e_a_d Print wide banner _h_e_a_d at top of first page cc Compressed printing dd Print boldface with double strike, not emphasize mode ff Suppress formfeed after each _f_i_l_e ii_n Indent output 'n' spaces oo _o_f_i_l_e Send output to _o_f_i_l_e (default, /ddeevv/llpp) rr Use only Roman character set (no italics) ss_n Vertical spacing _n (default, 1) ww Double-width printing 88 Eight lines per inch (default, six) #eval eevvaall -- Evaluate arguments eevvaall [_t_o_k_e_n ...] The shell executes eevvaall directly. #ex eexx -- Berkeley-style line editor eexx [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ +_c_m_d ] [ _f_i_l_e_1 ... _f_i_l_e_2_7 ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -rr Recover a previous edit -RR Read-only mode -tt _t_a_g Begin editing at _t_a_g -mm Use in error-handling mode +_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute _c_o_m_m_a_n_d before editing #exec eexxeecc -- Execute command directly eexxeecc [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d] The shell executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d by eexxeecc rather than ffoorrkk. This normally terminates the current shell. Current shell I/O may be redirected by eexxeecc with no _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. #exit eexxiitt -- Exit from a noninteractive shell eexxiitt [_s_t_a_t_u_s] The previous status is retained if none is specified. eexxiitt sets the status but does not terminate an interactive shell. The shell executes eexxiitt directly. #export eexxppoorrtt -- Add a shell variable to the environment eexxppoorrtt [_n_a_m_e ...] eexxppoorrtt [_n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e] #expr eexxpprr -- Compute a command line expression eexxpprr _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: nn Any integer with optional sign _s_t_r_i_n_g Used with comparisons and lleenn operator + Arithmetic operators (one of `+', `-', `*', `/', `%') ! Unary not - Unary minus == Relational operators (one of `>', `<', `>=', `<=', `==', `!=') & Logical AND of previous and next expression | Logical OR of previous and next expression lleenn Length of string given by next argument _e_1:_e_2 Set to number of characters matching regular expression _e_2 in string _e_1; if _e_2 contains any `$...$' sequences, result is concatenation of matched parts ( PPaarreenntthheesseess ffoorr ggrroouuppiinngg { EEvvaalluuaattee _e_2 if _e_1 is true, _e_3 otherwise; _e_3 defaults to 0 if missing #factor ffaaccttoorr -- Factor a number ffaaccttoorr [ _n_u_m_b_e_r ... ] #false ffaallssee -- Unconditional failure ffaallssee #fc ffcc -- Edit and re-execute one or more previous commands ffcc [-llnn] [_f_i_r_s_t [_l_a_s_t]] ffcc -ss [_o_l_d=_n_e_w] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d]" _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ll Print commands on stdout -nn Suppress default command numbers kksshh only. #fdformat ffddffoorrmmaatt -- Format a floppy disk /eettcc/ffddffoorrmmaatt [ _o_p_t_i_o_n ... ] _s_p_e_c_i_a_l _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Print information on stdout during format -ii _n Interleave factor _n (0-7; default, 6) -oo _n Skew factor _n for sector numbering (default, 0) -vv Verify -ww _f_i_l_e Copy _f_i_l_e to formatted floppy disk track by track #fdisk ffddiisskk -- Hard-disk partitioning utility /eettcc/ffddiisskk [-rr] [-cc] [-bb _m_b_o_o_t] _x_d_e_v _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -rr Read-only access -bb Add master boot code from file _m_b_o_o_t -cc Specify disk geometry for non-standard drives A hard disk can be split into a maximum of four partitions (logical devices). #file ffiillee -- Guess a file's type ffiillee _f_i_l_e ... #find ffiinndd -- Search for files satisfying a pattern ffiinndd _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y ... [_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n ...] _E_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n: -aattiimmee _n File has been accessed in _n days -ccttiimmee _n File's i-node has been changed in _n days -eexxeecc _c_m_d Command _c_m_d is successful -ggrroouupp _g_n File belongs to group _g_n -iinnuumm _n File has i-node _n -lliinnkkss _n File has _n links to it -mmttiimmee _n File has been modified within _n days -nnaammee _p_a_t_t_e_r_n File name matches _p_a_t_t_e_r_n (shell conventions) -nneewweerr_f_i_l_e File has been modified since _f_i_l_e -nnoopp Always true; does nothing -ookk _c_m_d Like -eexxeecc, except it asks -ppeerrmm _o_c_t_a_l File permissions are _o_c_t_a_l -pprriinntt Always true; prints current path name -ssiizzee _n File is _n blocks long -ttyyppee _c File matches type (_c may be [bcdfmp]) -uusseerr _u_n_a_m_e _u_n_a_m_e owns file eexxpp -aa _e_x_p _e_x_p Both expressions are true eexxpp -oo _e_x_p _e_x_p One of the expressions is true ! _e_x_p Expression is false (_e_x_p) Parentheses for grouping If no expression is specified, -pprriinntt is assumed. #fixstack ffiixxssttaacckk -- Change stack allocation ffiixxssttaacckk +-_v_a_l_u_e [ _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e ] #fnkey ffnnkkeeyy -- Set/print function keys for a terminal ffnnkkeeyy [ _n [ _s_t_r_i_n_g ] ] Sets function key _n to send given string; if no string, set it to send nothing. If _n is 00, reset all function keys to send nothing. If no arguments, prints function keys. #for ffoorr -- Execute commands for tokens in list ffoorr _n_a_m_e [iinn _t_o_k_e_n ...] ddoo _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e ddoonnee If _i_n clause is omitted, list of positional parameters to current script is assumed. Both ddoo and ddoonnee must be first token on line or preceded by `;'. The shell executes ffoorr directly. #fortune ffoorrttuunnee -- Print randomly selected, hopefully humorous, text /uussrr/ggaammeess/ffoorrttuunnee [ _f_i_l_e ] _O_p_t_i_o_n: _f_i_l_e Read a fortune from _f_i_l_e, instead of the default file /uussrr/ggaammeess/lliibb/ffoorrttuunneess #from ffrroomm -- Generate list of numbers, for use in loop ffrroomm _s_t_a_r_t ttoo _s_t_o_p [ bbyy _i_n_c_r ] _s_t_a_r_t, _s_t_o_p, and _i_n_c_r (default, one) are decimal integers with optional `-'. #fsck ffsscckk -- Check and repair file systems interactively /eettcc/ffsscckk [ -ffnnqqyy ] [ -tt _t_e_m_p_f_i_l_e ] [ _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ff Fast check; check only if a block is claimed by more than one i- node, by an i-node and the free list, or more than once in the free list -nn Default reply of no to all queries -qq Quiet option; syppress file name warning messages -tt Use _t_e_m_p_f_i_l_e instead of /ddeevv/rrrraamm11 for temporary storage -yy Default reply of yes to all queries #fwtable ffwwttaabbllee -- Build font-width table ffwwttaabbllee [ -ppvv ] [ _i_n_f_i_l_e [ _o_u_t_f_i_l_e ] ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -pp Input is PostScript AFM file, not PCL bitmap font -vv Write a brief font description to stderr #getopts ggeettooppttss -- Parse command-line options ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [ _o_p_t ] kksshh only. #grep ggrreepp -- Pattern search ggrreepp [ooppttiioonn ...] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] [_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Extra metacharacters supported (`(...)', `|', `+', and `?') -bb Each output line has block number of match -cc Print only count of matching lines -ee Next argument is pattern -ff Next argument is file containing one pattern per line -hh Suppress printing of file names on matched lines -ll Print only names of files containing matches -nn Print line number of file with each matched line output -ss Suppress output, just return status -vv Negate sense of match -xx Exact match (don't expand metacharacters) -yy Lower-case letters in _p_a_t_t_e_r_n match upper- and lower-case The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is a regular expression roughly like that found in eedd. If no _f_i_l_e is specified, stdin is read. #hash hhaasshh -- Add a command to the shell's hash table hhaasshh [-rr] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n: -rr Remove _c_o_m_m_a_n_d from hash table kksshh only. #head hheeaadd -- Print the beginning of a file hheeaadd [+_n[bbccll]] [_f_i_l_e] hheeaadd [-_n[bbccll]] [_f_i_l_e] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: + Count from beginning of file - Count from end of file bb Count in blocks cc Count in characters ll Count in lines #help hheellpp -- Print concise description of command hheellpp _c_o_m_m_a_n_d If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is omitted, print information about $LLAASSTTEERRRROORR. #hp hhpp -- Prepare files for Hewlett-Packard LaserJet printer hhpp [ -aaccffllrr ] [ -ii_m_a_r_g ] [ -tt_t_o_p ] [ -pp_l_i_n_e_s ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Substitute ` ' for ' -cc Toggle cartridge in place switch -ff Print pages in forward order (default) -ll Landscape mode -ii_m_a_r_g Indent to _m_a_r_g -pp_l_i_n_e_s Page length is _l_i_n_e_s -rr Print pages in reverse order (for LaserJet I). -tt_m_a_r_g Set top margin to _m_a_r_g #hpr hhpprr -- Send file to Hewlett-Packard LaserJet printer spooler hhpprr [-BBcceemmnnrr] [-bb _b_a_n_n_e_r] [ -ff _f_o_n_t_n_u_m] [_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -BB Suppress banner page and extra page at termination -bb Next argument is the banner -cc Make a copy of each _f_i_l_e in spool area -ee Erase all fonts from printer's memory -ff _f_o_n_t_n_u_m _f_i_l_e_1 ... _f_i_l_e_N Load into printer memory the HP soft fonts in _f_i_l_e_1 through _f_i_l_e_N; set font identifiers beginning with _f_o_n_t_n_u_m -mm Send a message when listing is complete -nn No message (default) -rr Remove files when they have been spooled #hpskip hhppsskkiipp -- Abort/restart current listing on Hewlett-Packard LaserJet hhppsskkiipp [-rr] _O_p_t_i_o_n: -rr Restarts the current listing #icheck iicchheecckk -- i-node consistency check iicchheecckk [-ss] [-bb _N ...] [ -vv ] _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -bb The following numeric arguments give block numbers; all references to these blocks are printed, with type -ss Repair file system (requires write access) -vv Print summary of information about file system #if iiff -- Execute a command conditionally iiff _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_1 tthheenn _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_2 [eelliiff _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_3 tthheenn _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_4] ... [eellssee _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_5] ffii Each tthheenn, eelliiff, eellssee, and ffii must occur unquoted at the start of a line or preceded by `;'. The shell executes iiff directly. #install iinnssttaallll -- Install COHERENT update /eettcc/iinnssttaallll _i_d _d_e_v_i_c_e _n_d_i_s_k_s #jobs jjoobbss -- Print information about jobs jjoobbss kksshh only. #join jjooiinn -- Join two data bases jjooiinn [-aa [_n] ] [-ee _s_t_r_i_n_g ] [-jj[_n] _k_e_y_f] [-oo _n._m ...] [-tt_c] _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa[_n] Print unpaired records from file _n -ee _s Replace empty fields on output with string _s -jj[_n] _k_e_y Use _k_e_y of file _n for comparison -oo [_n.]_m .. Subsequent arguments list fields to output; each has file _n and field number _m -tt_c Field separator is character _c If either _f_i_l_e_1 or _f_i_l_e_2 is `-', stdin is used. The optional file _n may be either 1 or 2; if omitted, both 1 and 2 are assumed. #kermit kkeerrmmiitt -- Remote system communication and file transfer kkeerrmmiitt cc[bbeellLL _b_a_u_d _e_s_c _l_i_n_e] kkeerrmmiitt rr[bbddffhhiillLLtt _b_a_u_d _l_i_n_e] kkeerrmmiitt ss[aabbddffhhiillLLmmttxx _b_a_u_d _l_i_n_e] _f_i_l_e ... _M_o_d_e_s: cc Connect rr Receive ss Send _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: aa Specify path for sending and receiving files bb _b_a_u_d Use given baud rate dd Print debug information ee _e_s_c Use _e_s_c as escape character (default, `^') ff Suppress file-name conversion hh Host mode ii Image mode (for non-ASCII transfer) ll _l_i_n_e Use given line LL Log all commands into file LLoogg mm Macintosh mode tt Tymnet mode xx Use complete path name for receiving file _C_o_m_m_a_n_d_s: _e_s_ccc Exit from kkeerrmmiitt _e_s_css Suspend kkeerrmmiitt #kill kkiillll -- Signal a process kkiillll [- _s_i_g_n_a_l ] _p_i_d ... #ksh kksshh -- The Korn shell kksshh _t_o_k_e_n ... #lc llcc -- List/categorize files in a directory llcc [ -11aabbccddffpp ] [ _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -11 List files one per line instead of in columns -aa List all files in directory (including `.' and `..') -bb List block-special files only -cc List character-special files only -dd List directories only -ff List regular files only -pp List pipe files only Options can be combined. If no _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y is specified, the current directory is used. #ld lldd -- Link relocatable object files lldd [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] _f_i_l_e ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -dd Define commons (even if undefined symbols) -ee _e_n_t Set entry point to symbol or octal number -ii Bind output sepid -kk[_s_y_s] Kernel process: use system symbol table (default, /ccoohheerreenntt) -ll_l_i_b Use standard library _l_i_b -mm Perform in-memory load if possible (larger but faster) -nn Bind output shared, force -ii option -oo _f_i_l_e Write output into _f_i_l_e (default, _l._o_u_t) -rr Retain relocation information -ss Discard symbol table -uu _s_y_m Undefine _s_y_m (force library search) -xx Discard all local symbols -XX Discard C internal local symbols #let lleett -- Evaluate an expression lleett [_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n] kksshh only. #lex lleexx -- Lexical analyzer generator lleexx [-tt][-vv][_f_i_l_e] cccc lleexx.yyyy.cc -llll _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -tt Write to standard output instead of lleexx.yyyy.cc -vv Give statistics about generated tables #lines lliinneess -- Highly amusing board game /uussrr/ggaammeess/lliinneess #ln llnn -- Create a link to a file llnn [-ff] _o_l_d_f_i_l_e [_n_e_w_f_i_l_e] llnn [-ff] _o_l_d_f_i_l_e ... _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _O_p_t_i_o_n: -ff Force link even if new file exists #login llooggiinn -- Log in or change user name llooggiinn [_u_s_e_r_n_a_m_e] #look llooookk -- Find matching lines in a sorted file llooookk [-ddff] _s_t_r_i_n_g [_f_i_l_e] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -dd Dictionary ordering -ff Fold cases for comparison If no _f_i_l_e, llooookk uses /uussrr/ddiicctt/wwoorrddss with -ddff option. #lpr llpprr -- Send to line printer spooler llpprr [-ccmmnnrr] [-bb _b_a_n_n_e_r] [_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -BB Suppress printing of a banner -bb Next argument is the banner -cc Copy each _f_i_l_e in spool area -mm Send a message when listing is complete -nn No message (default) -rr Remove files when they have been spooled #lpskip llppsskkiipp -- Terminate/restart current line printer listing llppsskkiipp [-rr] _O_p_t_i_o_n: -rr Restart current listing With no argument, terminate current listing. #ls llss -- List directory's contents llss [-aabbCCccddFFffggiillmmnnooppqqRRrrssttuuxx] [_f_i_l_e ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa List all files (including `.' and `..') -bb Print non-graphic characters in octal -CC Print output in multi-column format, sorted down the columns -cc Use attribute change instead of modified time for -ll and -tt -dd Treat directories like files -FF Print `/' after directories and `*' after executables -ff Treat _f_i_l_e as a directory even if it is not -ii Print the i-number as well -ll Long format: show file type, permissions, size -mm Output file names separated by commas -nn Same as -ll -pp Print `/' after directory names -qq Print non-graphic characters as `?' -RR Recursively display directories -rr Reverse the order of all sorting -ss Print the file size in blocks as well -tt Sort by times, newest first -uu Use accessed rather than modified time -xx Print multicolumn output, sorted across the columns #m4 mm44 -- Macro processor mm44 [ffiillee ...] If _f_i_l_e is `-' or omitted, mm44 reads the standard input. #mail mmaaiill -- Computer mail mmaaiill [-mmppqqrrvv] [-ff _f_i_l_e] [_u_s_e_r ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ff _f_i_l_e Print mail from _f_i_l_e instead of default -mm Notify each logged-in recipient when mail is sent -pp Print mail non-interactively -qq Exit on interrupt, leaving mail unchanged -rr Print mail in reverse order -vv Verbose mode: show version and expanded aliases If _u_s_e_r is present, send each a mail message read from standard input. Mail message ends with EOF, a line containing only `.', or a line containing only `?'; the last moves the message into editor for further editing processing before transmission. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d_s: dd Delete current message; print the next mm [_u_s_e_r ...] Mail current message to each _u_s_e_r pp Print this message again qq Quit and update mailbox rr Reverse direction of scan through mailbox ss [_f_i_l_e ...] Save current message with header in each _f_i_l_e tt [_u_s_e_r ...] Send message from stdin to each _u_s_e_r ww [_f_i_l_e ...] Write current message without header in each _f_i_l_e xx Exit without updating mailbox <nneewwlliinnee> Print the next message - Print the previous message EOF Quit and update mailbox; same as qq command ? Print a command summary !_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pass _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to the shell for execution #make mmaakkee -- Program building discipline mmaakkee [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ...] [_t_a_r_g_e_t ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -dd Debug mode -ee Macro definitions in environment override those in makefile -ff _f_i_l_e Instructions are in _f_i_l_e (default, [mmMM]aakkeeffiillee) -ii Ignore command error returns -nn Test: do all but execute commands -pp Print macro definitions and target descriptions -qq Only return exit status (zero if files up to date) -rr Ignore built-in rules -ss Do not print command lines when executed -tt Update times of files without regenerating #man mmaann -- Print Lexicon entries mmaann [-ww] [_t_o_p_i_c ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ww Print only file name where document resides With no arguments, list available topics. #me mmee -- MicroEMACS screen editor mmee [-ee _e_r_r_o_r_f_i_l_e] [-ff _b_i_n_d_f_i_l_e] [_t_e_x_t_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ee _e_r_r_o_r_f_i_l_e Error-handling mode; read error messages from _e_r_r_o_r_f_i_l_e -ff _b_i_n_d_f_i_l_e Read keyboard bindings from _b_i_n_d_f_i_l_e #mesg mmeessgg -- Permit/deny messages from other users mmeessgg [nnyy] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: nn Disallow messages yy Allow messages With no arguments, mmeessgg prints the state. #mkdir mmkkddiirr -- Create a directory mmkkddiirr [ -rr ] _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _O_p_t_i_o_n: -rr Make parent directories recursively as required #mkfnames mmkkffnnaammeess -- Generate data base of user names mmkkffnnaammeess [_n_a_m_e_f_i_l_e ...] #mkfs mmkkffss -- Make a new file system /eettcc/mmkkffss [-bb _b_o_o_t] [-dd] [-ff _n_a_m_e] [-ii _i_n_o_d_e_s] [-mm _a_r_g] [-nn _a_r_g] [-pp _p_a_c_k] _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m _p_r_o_t_o _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -bb _b_o_o_t Specifies the file to use as the ``bootstrap'' for the filesystem. -dd Preserve file dates and times. -ff _n_a_m_e Label the filesystem with the given _n_a_m_e. _n_a_m_e must be less than seven characters in length. -ii _i_n_o_d_e_s Use _i_n_o_d_e_s as the number of inodes for the filesystem. -mm _a_r_g Number of blocks to skip when incrementing virtual block number -nn _a_r_g Size of a ``virtual cylinder'' -pp _p_a_c_k Set the filesystem ``pack name'' to _p_a_c_k. _p_a_c_k must be less than seven characters in length. If _p_r_o_t_o is a number, it is the size in blocks of an empty file system; otherwise, it names a prototype description file, as created by the command bbaaddssccaann. #mknod mmkknnoodd -- Make a special file or named pipe /eettcc/mmkknnoodd [ -ff ] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e _t_y_p_e _m_a_j_o_r _m_i_n_o_r /eettcc/mmkknnoodd [ -ff ] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e pp _O_p_t_i_o_n -ff Forces creation of a new node, even if one of same name already exists In first form of the command, _t_y_p_e is `b' for block special or `c' for character special; _m_a_j_o_r and _m_i_n_o_r are numbers. The second form creates a named pipe with the given _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. #more mmoorree -- Display text one page at a time mmoorree [ -ccddffllssuu ] [ -_w_i_n_d_o_w__s_i_z_e ] [ +_l_i_n_e__n_u_m_b_e_r ] [ +/_p_a_t_t_e_r_n ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ] [ - ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: - Read/display stdin -cc Paint screen from top down -dd Prompt user to quit after each screenful of text -ff Count lines from file rather than screen-display lines -ll Do not treat <ccttrrll-LL> as special -ss Squeeze consecutive blank lines into one -uu Display backspaces as control characters +lliinnee_nnuummbbeerr Begin display at _l_i_n_e__n_u_m_b_e_r +/ppaatttteerrnn Begin display at first line to contain _p_a_t_t_e_r_n #mount mmoouunntt -- Mount a file system /eettcc/mmoouunntt [ _s_p_e_c_i_a_l _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y [ -rruu ] ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -rr Mount device read-only -uu Update /eettcc/mmttaabb entry but do not mount device With no arguments, print devices currently mounted. _s_p_e_c_i_a_l names a device- special file; _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y names the directory on which to mount it. File /bbiinn/mmoouunntt contains useful abbreviations for invoking /eettcc/mmoouunntt. #msg mmssgg -- Send a brief message to other users mmssgg _u_s_e_r _m_e_s_s_a_g_e #msgs mmssggss -- Read messages intended for all COHERENT users mmssggss [-_q] [_n_u_m_b_e_r] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -qq Query if new message is waiting to be read _n_u_m_b_e_r Print message titled with given _n_u_m_b_e_r To submit a message to mmssggss, mail it to user mmssggss. #mv mmvv -- Rename files or directories mmvv [-ff] _o_l_d_f_i_l_e [_n_e_w_f_i_l_e] mmvv [-ff] _f_i_l_e ... _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _O_p_t_i_o_n: -ff Force: remove _n_e_w_f_i_l_e even if unwritable #ncheck nncchheecckk -- Print file names corresponding to i-node nncchheecckk [ -ii _n_u_m_b_e_r ... ] [ -aass ] _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Print file names including `.' and `..' -ii _n... Print file names only for listed i-numbers _n... -ss Print only special files and files with setuid mode #newgrp nneewwggrrpp -- Change to a new group nneewwggrrpp _g_r_o_u_p #newusr nneewwuussrr -- Add new user to COHERENT system /eettcc/nneewwuussrr _l_o_g_i_n "_U_s_e_r _N_a_m_e" _p_a_r_e_n_t_d_i_r #nm nnmm -- Print a program's symbol table nnmm [ -aaddggnnoopprruu ] _f_i_l_e ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Print all symbols -dd Print only definitions -gg Print only global symbols -nn Sort numerically (default, sort by name) -oo Prepend file or member name to each line -pp Print in symbol table order (no sort) -rr Reverse order of sort -uu Print undefined symbols _f_i_l_e may be an object file or an archive. #nptx nnppttxx -- Generate permutations of users' full names nnppttxx #nroff nnrrooffff -- Text-formatting language nnrrooffff [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] [_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -dd Debug: print each request before executing -ff _n_a_m_e Write temporary file in file _n_a_m_e -ii Read stdin after each _f_i_l_e has been read -kk Keep temporary file -mm_n_a_m_e Read macro package /uussrr/lliibb/ttmmaacc._n_a_m_e -nn_N Number first page of output _N (default, 1) -rr_a_N Set number register _a to value _N -xx Do not eject to bottom of final page #od oodd -- Print an octal dump of a file oodd [-bbccddooxx] [_f_i_l_e] [ [+] _o_f_f_s_e_t[.][bb] ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -bb Dump bytes in the default base -cc Dump bytes as ASCII characters -dd Dump words in decimal -oo Dump words in octal -xx Dump words in hexadecimal Default base is octal on the PDP-11; hexadecimal on the i80286, Z-8001, and M68000. _o_f_f_s_e_t must be preceded by `+' if _f_i_l_e is omitted. _o_f_f_s_e_t is decimal if `.' is present; `b' implies 512-byte blocks instead of bytes. #passwd ppaasssswwdd -- Set/change login password ppaasssswwdd [_u_s_e_r] #paste ppaassttee -- Merge lines of files ppaassttee [-ss] [-dd _l_i_s_t] _f_i_l_e ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ss Display lines of input files sequentially across page -dd _l_i_s_t Use _l_i_s_t as delimiters for output fields #pax ppaaxx -- Portable archive interchange The options are the same as those for the command ttaarr. #phone pphhoonnee -- Print numbers and addresses from phone directory pphhoonnee _p_e_r_s_o_n ... #popd ppooppdd -- Pop an item from the directory stack ppooppdd [_i_t_e_m ... ] sshh only. #pr pprr -- Paginate and print files pprr [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ _f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: +_s_k_i_p Skip the first _s_k_i_p pages of input before printing -_c_o_l_s Print the input in _c_o_l_s columns -hh The next argument is the header (replaces file name) -ll_n Set page size to _n lines (default, 66) -mm Print each input _f_i_l_e in a separate column -nn Number the output lines -ss_c Separate each column with character _c -tt Suppress top and bottom margins and header -ww_n Page width is set to _n columns (default, 80) A _f_i_l_e named `-' means stdin. #prep pprreepp -- Produce a word list pprreepp [ -ddffpp ] [ -ii _i_f_i_l_e ] [ -oo _o_f_i_l_e ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -dd Print number of each word output -ff Fold upper case to lower case -ii _f_i_l_e Ignore all words in _f_i_l_e on output -oo _f_i_l_e Output only words from _f_i_l_e -pp Print punctuation marks on separate lines (not numbered) Text is taken from each input _f_i_l_e or stdin if none. Words consist of alphabetic characters and apostrophes. #print pprriinntt -- Echo text onto the standard output pprriinntt [-eennrruu_n] [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ee Re-enable expansion of C escape sequences -nn Don't print newline after list of arguments -rr Suppress expansion of C escape sequences -uu_n Redirect output file descriptor _n kksshh only. #prof pprrooff -- Print execution profile of a C program pprrooff [ -aabbccss ][ _p_r_o_g_f_i_l_e [ _m_o_n_f_i_l_e ] ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Use all symbols, not just externals -bb Print all bin information -cc Print all call information -ss Report stack usage high water mark The default _p_r_o_g_f_i_l_e is ll.oouutt; the default _m_o_n_f_i_l_e, mmoonn.oouutt. #prps pprrppss -- Prepare files for PostScript-compatible printer pprrppss [_o_p_t_i_o_n_s] [_f_i_l_e ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -_p_t_s_i_z_e Use _p_t_s_i_z_e as the point size (default, 10) -bb Suppress the box around the page text -ff_f_o_n_t Use the given font name (default, Courier) -FF_X Use font X, which must be [ABHNPST] -FF_s_f_x Use _s_f_x as suffix for font X, which must be [RRBBII]. Default suffixes are "" (R), -BBoolldd (B), -OObblliiqquuee (I) -hh Suppress the header line -ll Landscape mode (default, portrait) -ll22 Landscape mode, two pages per output page -nn_h_e_a_d Use _h_e_a_d in header line -pp_N Print _N lines of text per output page -tt_N Set tab stops to every _N characters (default, 8) +_N Skip first _N output pages #ps ppss -- Print process status ppss [ -aaffggllmmnnrrttwwxx ] [ -cc _s_y_s ] [ -kk _m_e_m ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Print all terminals' processes -cc _s_y_s Next argument is system (default, /ccoohheerreenntt) -dd Print status of loadable drivers -ff Put `-' in null fields for placeholders -gg Give group leader for this process -kk _m_e_m Next argument is memory image (default, /ddeevv/mmeemm) -ll Print long format -mm Print scheduling information -nn No header line -rr Give the real size of the process -tt Print CPU times -ww Wide column format (132 columns instead of default 80) -xx Print processes with no controlling tty #pushd ppuusshhdd -- Push an item onto the directory stack ppuusshhdd [_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y_0 ... _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y_N] sshh only. #pwd ppwwdd -- Print the name of the current directory ppwwdd #qfind qqffiinndd -- Find all files with a given name qqffiinndd [-aaddpp] _n_a_m_e ... qqffiinndd [-bb] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa All: search for files or directories -bb Build file data base -dd Search for directories only -pp Partial name matching Run as rroooott when using -bb to find everything. #quot qquuoott -- Summarize file-system usage qquuoott [ -cc ] [ -ff ] [ -nn ] [ -tt ] _f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc Print file size, number of files of size, and cumulative total blocks up to size -ff Print number of files plus number of blocks per user -nn Input (i-number, file system) pairs one per line; output owners and file names (e.g.: nncchheecckk ffss | ssoorrtt +00nn | qquuoott -nn ffss) -tt Print totals (where applicable) Options -cc and -nn are disjoint from other options. Only the superuser rroooott can run qquuoott. #ranlib rraannlliibb -- Create index for object library rraannlliibb _l_i_b_r_a_r_y ... #read rreeaadd -- Assign values to shell variables rreeaadd _n_a_m_e ... Reads a line from stdin and assign each token to corresponding shell variable _n_a_m_e. The shell executes rreeaadd directly. #readonly rreeaaddoonnllyy -- Mark a shell variable as read only rreeaaddoonnllyy #reboot rreebboooott -- Reboot the COHERENT system /eettcc/rreebboooott [ -pp ] _O_p_t_i_o_n: -pp Prompt user if she really wishes to reboot #ref rreeff -- Display a C function header rreeff _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n #restor rreessttoorr -- Restore file system rreessttoorr _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_d_u_m_p__d_e_v_i_c_e][_f_i_l_e_s_y_s_t_e_m][_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: ff Next argument names the dump device rr Mass restore (also RR) tt Print taken and since dates of the dump vv Verbose (print commentary during mass restore) xx Selective extract of argument files (also `X') #rev rreevv -- Print text backwards rreevv [_f_i_l_e ...] #rm rrmm -- Remove files rrmm [ -ffiirrttvv ] _f_i_l_e ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ff Force: remove unwritable files, suppress error messages and prompts -ii Ask before removing each file -rr Recursively remove entire directory structure -tt Test: perform all checks but do not remove files -vv Verbose: report the disposition of each file #rmdir rrmmddiirr -- Remove directories rrmmddiirr [ -ff ] _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y ... _O_p_t_i_o_n: -ff Force: remove a file without interactive checking #sa ssaa -- Print a summary of process accounting ssaa [-aabbccjjllmmnnrrssttuu] [-vv _N] [_f_i_l_e] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Commands seen once or unprintable called ***ootthheerr -bb Sort by average CPU time per call -cc Print CPU time as percentage of all CPU time used -jj Print average times per call, not totals -ll Separate user and system times -mm Information per user, not per command -nn Sort by number of calls -rr Reverse sort -ss Condense the information -tt Print CPU time as percentage of real time -uu Print user and command directly from raw file -vv_N If called no more than _N times, put it into **jjuunnkk** The default _f_i_l_e is /uussrr/aaddmm/aacccctt. #scat ssccaatt -- Print text files one screenful at a time ssccaatt [ [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] [_f_i_l_e ... ] ] ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -11 Do not stop at EOF if exactly one file specified -bb_n Begin output at line _n -cc Mark control characters (overrides -tt) -ccss Like -cc, but map space to underscore `_', and prefix underscore with `\' -cctt Like -cc, but map tabs to spaces -iinn Skip _n columns on output -llnn Set screen length to _n lines -nn Number input lines -rr Remote; no paging -ss Squash empty lines -SS_n Seek _n bytes into input before processing -tt Truncate lines to line length (default, wraparound) -ww_n Set screen width to _n columns -xx Expand tabs _C_o_m_m_a_n_d_s: <rreettuurrnn> Next page <ssppaaccee> Next line / Next half page ff Print file names and line number nn Next file qq Quit #sed sseedd -- Stream editor sseedd [ -nn ] [-ee _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_s] [-ff _s_c_r_i_p_t] ... _f_i_l_e ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ee Direct command follows -ff File name of command script follows -nn No implicit output #set sseett -- Set shell option flags and positional parameters sseett [-cceeiikknnssttuuvvxx [_n_a_m_e ...] ] (Bourne shell) sseett [[+-]aaeeffhhkkmmnnuuvvxx] [[+-]oo _n_a_m_e] (Korn shell) _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Automatically export all new variables (kksshh) -cc _s_t_r_i_n_g Read commands from _s_t_r_i_n_g (sshh) -ee Exit on any error -ff Noglob: Don't expand file names (kksshh) -hh Automatically add all commands to hash table (kksshh) -ii Shell is always interactive (sshh) -kk Place all keyword arguments into environment (sshh) -kk Recognize variables anywhere in command (kksshh) -mm Enable job control (kksshh) -nn Read commands but do not execute -oo _o_p_t_i_o_n Set _o_p_t_i_o_n (kksshh) -ss Read commands from stdin; write to stderr (sshh) -tt Read one command rather than entire file (sshh) -uu If variable is blank, report error -vv Print each line as it is read -xx Print each command as it's executed - Cancel -vv and -xx options (sshh) With kksshh, prefixing an option with `+' turns it on; prefixing it with `-' turns it off. #sh sshh -- The Bourne shell sshh [-cceeiikknnssttuuvvxx] _t_o_k_e_n ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc _c_m_d_s Read commands from _c_m_d_s -ee Exit on any error if noninteractive -ii Interactive even if no tty attached -kk Place all keyword args into global environment -nn Read commands but do not execute them -ss Read commands from stdin, write output to stderr -tt Read and execute one command only -uu Report error if actual value of shell variable is null -vv Print each line as read -xx Print each command and argument as executed - Cancel -vv and -xx options The following reserved tokens may not be used in the first position of the command unless quoted: ccaassee ddoo ddoonnee eelliiff eellssee ffii ffoorr iinn tthheenn uunnttiill wwhhiillee { } ( ) If the first token is not reserved, it is treated as the name of a command. The remaining tokens are treated as arguments. The characters * ? [ ] specify patterns that match file names. To quote characters or strings, these escape characters are provided: '...' "..." \ Each _t_o_k_e_n, unless quoted, is checked for substitutions. #shift sshhiifftt -- Shift positional parameters sshhiifftt The shell executes sshhiifftt directly. #shutdown sshhuuttddoowwnn -- Shut down the COHERENT system /eettcc/sshhuuttddoowwnn #size ssiizzee -- Print size of an object file ssiizzee [_f_i_l_e ...] #sleep sslleeeepp -- Stop executing for a specified time sslleeeepp _s_e_c_o_n_d_s #sort ssoorrtt -- Sort lines of text ssoorrtt [-bbccddffiimmnnrruu] [-tt _c] [-oo _o_u_t_f_i_l_e] [-TT _d_i_r] [+_b_e_g[-_e_n_d]][_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc Check if input is already ordered -mm Merge already-sorted input files -oo _n_a_m_e Place output in _n_a_m_e, not stdout -tt_c Tab character is _c -TT _d_i_r Use _d_i_r for temporary files -uu Output only records with unique keys _K_e_y _o_p_t_i_o_n_s: -bb Skip leading blanks in fields -dd Dictionary ordering for keys -ff Fold upper case into lower case in key comparison -ii Ignore control characters in key comparison -nn Numeric comparison -rr Reverse sort ordering _P_o_s_i_t_i_o_n: +_m._n_f Key starts _m fields into record and _n characters into that field; _f may contain optional flags from key options above which apply only to that positional -_m._n_f Optional ending position of key (same form as above) If no _f_i_l_e is given, sort stdin. #spell ssppeellll -- Find spelling errors ssppeellll [-aa][-bb][_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Use American variant of the dictionary (default) -bb Use British variant of the dictionary #split sspplliitt -- Split a text file into smaller files sspplliitt [-_n_l_i_n_e_s][-cc_c_o_u_n_t][_i_n_f_i_l_e [_o_u_t_f_i_l_e] ] If _i_n_f_i_l_e _i_s `-' _o_r _n_o _i_n_f_i_l_e, stdin is read. _o_u_t_f_i_l_e defaults to xx. _n_l_i_n_e_s is number of lines for text files, _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s is the character count for binary files. #srcpath ssrrccppaatthh -- Find source files ssrrccppaatthh [-aaww] [-pp _p_a_t_h] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Disable shadowing: print all instances of file it finds along SSRRCCPPAATTHH, not just first -pp _p_a_t_h Use _p_a_t_h instead of SSRRCCPPAATTHH -ww Print warning when you lack permission to read file or directory #strings ssttrriinnggss -- Print all character strings from a file ssttrriinnggss [-ddooppxx] [-_l_e_n_g_t_h] [_f_i_l_e ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -dd Print offset of each string in decimal -oo Print offset of each string in octal -pp Mask out the parity bit -xx Print offset of each string in hexadecimal #strip ssttrriipp -- Strip debug, relocation, and symbol tables from executable file ssttrriipp -ddrrss _f_i_l_e [...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -dd Keep debug information -rr Keep relocation information -ss Keep symbols #stty ssttttyy -- Set/print terminal modes ssttttyy [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: 99660000 Baud rate: any valid terminal speed accepted 00 Hang up phone immediately [bbrreeaakk|eeooff|eerraassee|iinntteerrrruupptt|kkiillll|qquuiitt|ssttaarrtt|ssttoopp] _c Set specified character to _c aallll Display all modes ccbbrreeaakk Enable break after every input character -ccbbrreeaakk Disable break after every input character ccrrtt Enable crt character erasing -ccrrtt Disable crt character erasing eecchhoo Enable input character echoing -eecchhoo Disable input character echoing eevveenn Enable even parity -eevveenn Disable even parity eexxccll Enable exclusive use -eexxccll Disable exclusive use fflluusshh Flush input queues -fflluusshh Do not flush input queues hhuupp Enable hang up on last close -hhuupp Disable hang up on last close nnll Disable newline mapping -nnll Enable newline mapping oodddd Enable odd parity -oodddd Disable odd parity pprriinntt Print terminal attributes rraaww Enable raw mode -rraaww Disable raw mode ssaannee Set terminal to a known state ttaabbss Disable tab expansion -ttaabbss Enable tab expansion ttaannddeemm Enable tandem (start/stop) mode -ttaannddeemm Disable tandem (start/stop) mode If no _o_p_t_i_o_n is specified, ssttttyy prints the modes of the standard-output device on stderr. #su ssuu -- Substitute user id, become superuser ssuu [_u_s_e_r [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d] ] #sum ssuumm -- Print checksum of a file ssuumm [_f_i_l_e ...] #sync ssyynncc -- Flush system buffers ssyynncc #tail ttaaiill -- Print the end of a file ttaaiill [+_n[bbccffll]] [_f_i_l_e] ttaaiill [-_n[bbccffll]] [_f_i_l_e] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: +_n _n counts from beginning of file -_n _n counts from end of file bb _n is in blocks cc _n is in characters (bytes) ll _n is in lines (default) #tar ttaarr -- V7 tape archive manager ttaarr [ccrrttuuxx[00-77bbffllmmvvwwUU] [_b_l_o_c_k_s] [_a_r_c_h_i_v_e] _f_i_l_e ... _D_i_r_e_c_t_i_v_e_s: cc Create a new archive, overwriting any old contents rr Replace (append) the named files in the archive tt Write a table of contents of the archive to stdout uu Update the archive (replace mode) xx Extract the named files from the archive _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: 00-77 A single octal digit specifies a tape unit BB Next argument is the blocking factor ff Next argument is the archive name ll Report broken links mm Ignore the mmttiimmee for each extracted file UU Tape written on a non-COHERENT system vv Verbose flag ww Interactive mode #tee tteeee -- Branch pipe output tteeee [ -aa ] [ -ii ] [ _f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa Append to each output _f_i_l_e -ii Ignore interrupts #test tteesstt -- Evaluate conditional expression tteesstt _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: _e_x_p_1 -aa _e_x_p_2 Both expressions are true -bb _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e is block-special (kksshh) -cc _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e is character-special (kksshh) -dd _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e is a directory _f_i_l_e_1 -eeff _f_i_l_e_2 Files are identical (kksshh) _n_1 -eeqq _n_2 Numbers are equal -ff _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e exists and is not a directory -gg _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e has sseettggiidd bit set (kksshh) _n_1 -ggee _n_2 _n_1 is greater than or equal to _n_2 _n_1 -ggtt _n_2 _n_1 greater than _n_2 -kk _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e has sticky bit set (kksshh) -LL _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e is a symbolic link (kksshh) _n_1 -llee _n_2 _n_1 is less than or equal to _n_2 _n_1 -lltt _n_2 _n_1 is less than _n_2 -nn _s_t_r_i_n_g ssttrriinngg has non-zero length _n_1 -nnee _n_2 _n_1 does not equal _n_2 _f_1 -nntt _f_2 _f_1 is newer than _f_2 (kksshh) _e_x_p_1 -oo _e_x_p_2 Either _e_x_p_1 or _e_x_p_2 is true _f_1 -oott _f_2 _f_1 is older than _f_2 (kksshh) -pp _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e is a named pipe (kksshh) -rr _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e is readable -ss _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e exists and has nonzero length -tt [_f_d] _f_d describes a terminal -uu _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e has sseettuuiidd set (kksshh) -ww _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e is writable -xx _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e is executable (kksshh) -zz _s_t_r_i_n_g _s_t_r_i_n_g has zero length _s_t_r_i_n_g _s_t_r_i_n_g has non-zero length _s_1 = _s_2 _s_1 equals string _s_2 ! _e_x_p Negate logical value of _e_x_p _s_1 != _s_2 String _s_1 does not equal _s_2 (_e_x_p) Parentheses group expressions #time ttiimmee -- Time the execution of a command ttiimmee [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d] If no _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, print the date. #times ttiimmeess -- Print total user and system times ttiimmeess #touch ttoouucchh -- Update modification time of a file ttoouucchh [ -cc ] _f_i_l_e ... _O_p_t_i_o_n: -cc Do not create _f_i_l_e if it does not exist The shell executes ttoouucchh directly. #tr ttrr -- Translate characters ttrr [-ccddss] _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 [_s_t_r_i_n_g_2] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc Complement the characters in _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 -dd Delete characters found in _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 (_n_o _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 needed) -ss Squeeze multiple output mappings onto one character Both strings may contain ranges. Characters may have form \_n_n_n. #trap ttrraapp -- Execute command on receipt of signal ttrraapp [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [_n ...] The shell executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d on receipt of signal _n .... If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d omitted, the shell resets traps on given signals to original values. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a null string, given signals are ignored. If _n is zero, the shell executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d when it exits. With no arguments, it prints currently set traps. The shell executes trap directly. #troff ttrrooffff -- Extended text-formatting language ttrrooffff [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] [_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -DD Display available fonts -ff _n_a_m_e Write temporary file in file _n_a_m_e -ii Read stdin after each _f_i_l_e has been read -kk Keep temporary file -ll Landscape mode -mm_n_a_m_e Read macro package /uussrr/lliibb/ttmmaacc._n_a_m_e -nn_N Number first page of output _N (default, one) -pp Produce PostScript output -rr_a_N Set number register _a to value _N -xx Do not eject to bottom of final page #true ttrruuee -- Unconditional success ttrruuee #tsort ttssoorrtt -- Topological sort ttssoorrtt [_f_i_l_e] #tty ttttyy -- Print the user's terminal name ttttyy #ttystat ttttyyssttaatt -- Get terminal status /eettcc/ttttyyssttaatt [ -dd ] _p_o_r_t _O_p_t_i_o_n: -dd Print status of _p_o_r_t Returns exit status 1 if specified port is enabled, 0 if disabled. Prints nothing unless -dd option specified. #typeset ttyyppeesseett -- Set/list variables and their attributes ttyyppeesseett ttyyppeesseett [+-]ffrr ttyyppeesseett [ iirrxx ] _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e=_v_a_l_u_e _F_i_r_s_t _f_o_r_m: List all variables and their attributes _S_e_c_o_n_d _f_o_r_m: +ff List functions -ff List functions plus values +rr List read-only variables -rr List read-only variables plus values _T_h_i_r_d _f_o_r_m: Set _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e to equal _v_a_l_u_e ii Store _v_a_l_u_e as an integer rr List read-only variables xx Export _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e=_f_R _t_o _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t kksshh only. #typo ttyyppoo -- Detect possible typographical and spelling errors ttyyppoo [-nnrrss][_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -nn Do not use built-in English statistics or dictionary -rr Raw; do not remove nroff commands from the input -ss Produce _d_i_g_r_a_m_s and _t_r_i_g_r_a_m_s files (maintenance only) #umask uummaasskk -- Set the file-creation mask uummaasskk [_v_a_l_u_e] The shell executes uummaasskk directly. #umount uummoouunntt -- Unmount file system /eettcc/uummoouunntt _s_p_e_c_i_a_l #unalias uunnaalliiaass -- Remove an alias uunnaalliiaass _a_l_i_a_s ... kksshh only. kksshh only. #uncompress uunnccoommpprreessss -- Uncompress a compressed file uunnccoommpprreessss [ -ww _t_m_p_f_i_l_e ] [ _f_i_l_e ... ] _O_p_t_i_o_n: -ww Use _t_m_p_f_i_l_e as the workfile (default, /ddeevv/rraamm11) #uniq uunniiqq -- Remove/count repeated lines in a sorted file uunniiqq [-ccdduu] [-_n] [+_n] [_i_n_f_i_l_e[_o_u_t_f_i_l_e]] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc Print duplication count with lines -dd Print only duplicated lines -nn Skip _n fields during comparison +nn Skip _n characters (after skipping fields) -uu Print only non-repeated lines #units uunniittss -- Convert measurements uunniittss [ -uu ] _O_p_t_i_o_n: -uu Update binary file only uunniittss works interactively. #unmkfs uunnmmkkffss -- Construct a prototype file system uunnmmkkffss [-_p_r_e_f_i_x] _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _n_b_l_o_c_k_s [_f_i_l_e] #until uunnttiill -- Execute commands repeatedly uunnttiill _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_1 [ ddoo _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_2 ] ddoonnee Both ddoo and ddoonnee must be the first token on a line or preceded by `;'. The shell executes uunnttiill directly. #ustar uussttaarr -- Process tape archives uussttaarr -cc[vvww] [-ff _a_r_c_h_i_v_e] _f_i_l_e ... uussttaarr -rr[vvww] [-ff _a_r_c_h_i_v_e] _f_i_l_e ... uussttaarr -tt[vv] [-ff _a_r_c_h_i_v_e] uussttaarr -xx[llmmoovvww] [-ff _a_r_c_h_i_v_e] [_f_i_l_e ...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc Create a new archive -rr Append _f_i_l_e into _a_r_c_h_i_v_e -tt Print table of contents for _a_r_c_h_i_v_e -xx Extract _f_i_l_e from _a_r_c_h_i_v_e _M_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s: -ff Next argument names output archive -ll Print error message if all links cannot be resolved (cc or rr commands only) -mm Do not restore modification time (invalid with tt) -oo Give extracted files your user and group identifiers (xx command only) -vv Verbose option -ww Wait option: wait for confirmation before continuing #uucico uuuucciiccoo -- Transmit data to or from a remote site /uussrr/lliibb/uuuuccpp/uuuucciiccoo [ -rr11 ] [ -ss_s_i_t_e ] [ -SS_s_i_t_e ] [ -xx_l_e_v_e_l ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -rr00 Act as slave in polling process -rr11 Act as master in polling process; default -ss_s_i_t_e Poll _s_i_t_e -ssSS_s_i_t_e Poll _s_i_t_e unconditionally -xx_l_e_v_e_l Run in debug mode; _l_e_v_e_l sets level of debugging, from 1 to 10 #uucp uuuuccpp -- Ready files for transmission to other systems uuuuccpp [ -ccCCddffmmrr ] [-gg_g_r_a_d_e] [-nn_u_s_e_r] [-ss _d_i_r] [-xx_n] _s_o_u_r_c_e ... _d_e_s_t _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc Do not copy source to spool directory (default) -CC Copy source file to spool directory -dd Create directories as required on destination -ff Do not make intermediate directories. -gg_g_r_a_d_e Assign _g_r_a_d_e (one ASCII character) importance -mm Send mail to requester when file is sent -nn_u_s_e_r Notify _u_s_e_r (on destination system) when file received -rr Spool transfer request, do not initiate uuuucciiccoo -xx_l_e_v_e_l Assign debug _l_e_v_e_l (0 to 9) #uudecode uuuuddeeccooddee -- Decode a binary file sent from a remote system uuuuddeeccooddee [ _f_i_l_e ] #uuencode uuuueennccooddee -- Encode a binary file for transmission uuuueennccooddee [ _s_o_u_r_c_e ] _r_e_m_o_t_e_d_e_s_t #uuinstall uuuuiinnssttaallll -- Install UUCP uuuuiinnssttaallll #uulog uuuulloogg -- Examine UUCP operations uuuulloogg [ -ffxx ] [ _s_y_s_t_e_m ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ff Show UUCP activity as it is logged; like ttaaiill -ff -xx Display logs for uuuuxxqqtt instead of uuuucciiccoo #uumvlog uuuummvvlloogg -- Archive UUCP log files uuuummvvlloogg _d_a_y_s _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: _d_a_y_s Number of days for which logs should be kept #uuname uuuunnaammee -- List UUCP names of known systems uuuunnaammee [ -ll ] _O_p_t_i_o_n: -ll Print name of the local system #uurmlock uuuurrmmlloocckk -- Remove UUCP lock files uuuurrmmlloocckk #uutouch uuuuttoouucchh -- Touch a file to trigger uucico poll uuuuttoouucchh _s_y_s_t_e_m #uux uuuuxx -- Execute a command on a remote system uuuuxx [-aa _u_s_e_r] [-gg _g_r_a_d_e] [-rrnnppzz] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d-_s_t_r_i_n_g _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -aa _u_s_e_r Name _u_s_e_r as requester -gg _l Set importance of transmission; _l is a single ASCII character -nn Suppress notification of command completion -pp Input to uuuuxx is a pipe or input redirection -rr Queue uuuuxx request; do not invoke uuuucciiccoo -zz Notify requestor when _c_o_m_m_a_n_d-_l_i_n_e succeeds #uuxqt uuuuxxqqtt -- Execute commands requested by a remote system uuuuxxqqtt #vi vvii -- Clone of Berkeley-style screen editor vvii [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ +_c_m_d ] [ _f_i_l_e_1 ... _f_i_l_e_2_7 ] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -ee Begin in colon-command mode -ii Begin in input mode -rr Recover a previous edit -RR Read-only mode -tt _t_a_g Begin editing at _t_a_g -mm Use in error-handling mode -vv Begin in visual-command mode +_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute _c_o_m_m_a_n_d before editing #view vviieeww -- Screen-oriented viewing utility vviieeww _f_i_l_e_1 ... _f_i_l_e_2_7 #virec vviirreecc -- Recover the modified version of a file after a crash vviirreecc [-dd _t_m_p_d_i_r] _t_e_x_t_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e... vviirreecc </ttmmpp/eellvv_X_X_X #wait wwaaiitt -- Await completion of background process wwaaiitt [_p_i_d] _p_i_d identifies the process whose completion is awaited. If no _p_i_d is given, wwaaiitt awaits completion of all background processes. The shell executes wwaaiitt directly. #wall wwaallll -- Send a message to all logged-in users /eettcc/wwaallll #wc wwcc -- Count words, lines, and characters in text files wwcc [-ccllww] [_f_i_l_e...] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -cc Print count of characters -ll Print count of lines -ww Print count of words If no _f_i_l_e is given, wwcc reads stdin; if more than one _f_i_l_e is given, it also prints a total. #whence wwhheennccee -- List a command's type wwhheennccee [-vv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d ... kksshh only. #whereis wwhheerreeiiss -- Locate source, binary, and manual files wwhheerreeiiss [-bbmmrrssuu] [-BBMMSS _d_i_r ... -ff] _n_a_m_e ... _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -bb Search only for for binary files -mm Search only for manual pages -rr Search each _d_i_r downwardly recursively -ss Search only for source files -uu Search for unusual files -BB Search each _d_i_r for binary files -MM Search each _d_i_r for manual pages -RR Search each _d_i_r downwardly recursively -SS Search each _d_i_r for source files -ff Terminate directory list begun by -BBMMRRSS options #which wwhhiicchh -- Locate executable files wwhhiicchh _c_o_m_m_a_n_d ... #while wwhhiillee -- Execute commands repeatedly wwhhiillee _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_1 [ddoo _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_2] ddoonnee Both ddoo and ddoonnee must be the first token on a line or preceded by `;'. The shell executes wwhhiillee directly. #who wwhhoo -- Print who is logged in wwhhoo [_f_i_l_e] [aamm ii] #write wwrriittee -- Converse with another user wwrriittee _u_s_e_r [ _t_t_y ] Name the _t_t_y if _u_s_e_r is logged in on more than one port. #yacc yyaacccc -- Parser generator yyaacccc [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...] _f_i_l_e cccc yy.ttaabb.cc [-llyy] _O_p_t_i_o_n_s: -dd Enable debugging output (implies -vv) -hhddrr Next argument is name of header file (default, yy.ttaabb.hh) -ll Next argument is name of listfile (default, yy.oouuttppuutt) -sstt Print statistics on standard output -vv Verbose (extra output in listfile) After each of the following, the next argument is a number to reset table size: -nntteerrmmss Nonterminal symbols (default, 100) -pprrooddss Productions or rules (default, 175) -ssttaatteess States (default, 300) -tteerrmmss Terminal symbols (default, 300) -ttyyppeess Types (default, 10) #yes yyeess -- Print infinitely many responses yyeess [ _s_t_r_i_n_g ] #zcat zzccaatt -- Concatenate a compressed file zzccaatt [ _f_i_l_e ... ]

This archive runs on limited infrastructure. Preserving old code on modern bandwidth. Automated agents are requested to crawl responsibly.