coherent/a/usr/man/ALL/cc - view

File: [MW Coherent from dump] / coherent / a / usr / man / ALL / cc
Revision 1.1.1.1 (vendor branch): download - view: text, annotated - select for diffs
Wed May 29 04:56:34 2019 UTC (7 years ago) by root
Branches: MarkWilliams, MAIN
CVS tags: relic, HEAD

coherent

cc Command cc Compiler controller cccc [_c_o_m_p_i_l_e_r _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _f_i_l_e .... [_l_i_n_k_e_r _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] cc is the program that controls compilation of C programs. It guides files of source and object code through each phase of com- pilation and linking. cccc has many options to assist in the com- pilation of C programs; in essence, however, all you need to do to produce an executable file from your C program is type cccc followed by the name of the file or files that hold your program. It checks whether the file names you give it are reasonable, selects the right phase for each file, and performs other tasks that ease the compilation of your programs. ***** File Names ***** cc assumes that each file name that ends in .c or .h is a C program and passes it to the C compiler for compilation. cc assumes that each file argument that ends in .s is in Mark Williams assembly language and processes it with the assembler as. cc also passes all files with the suffixes .o or .a unchanged to the linker ld. ***** How cc Works ***** cc normally works as follows: First, it compiles or assembles the source files, naming the resulting object files by replacing the .cc or .ss suffixes with the suffix .oo. Then, it links the object files with the C runtime startup routine and the standard C library, and leaves the result in file _f_i_l_e. If only one object file is created during compilation, it is deleted after linking; however, if more than one object file is created, or if an object file of the same name existed before you began to compile, then the object file or files are not deleted. ***** Options ***** The following lists all of cccc's command-line options. cc passes some options through to the linker ld unchanged, and correctly interprets to it the options -oo and -uu. A number of the options are esoteric and normally are not used when compiling a C program. The following are the most commonly used options: -cc Compile only; do not link -ff Include floating-point pprriinnttff -ll_n_a_m_e Pass library lliibb_n_a_m_e.aa to linker -oo _n_a_m_e Call output file _n_a_m_e -VV Print verbose listing of cccc's action COHERENT Lexicon Page 1 cc Command cc -AA MicroEMACS option. If an error occurs during compilation, cc automatically invokes the MicroEMACS screen editor. The er- ror or errors are displayed in one window and the source code file in the other, with the cursor set to the line number in- dicated by the first error message. Typing <ctrl-X>> moves to the next error, <ctrl-X>< moves to the previous error. To recompile, close the edited file with <ctrl-Z>. Compilation will continue either until the program compiles without er- ror, or until you exit from the editor by typing <ctrl-U> followed by <ctrl-X><ctrl-C>. -BB[_s_t_r_i_n_g] Backup option. Use alternate versions of the compiler for cc0, cc1, cc2, and cc3. If string is supplied, cc prepends it to the names of the phases of the compiler to form the pathnames where these are found. Otherwise, cc prepends the name of the current directory. If a -t option was previously given, only the parts of the compiler specified by it are af- fected. Any number of -B and -t options may be used, with each -t option specifying the passes affected by the subse- quent -B option. For example, the command cc -tp2 -Bnew hello.c compiles hheelllloo.cc using nneewwcccc22 in place of the ordinarily used /lliibb/cccc22, and using nneewwccpppp in place of the ordinarily used /lliibb/ccpppp. -cc Compile option. Suppress linking and the removal of the ob- ject files. -DD_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] Define name to the preprocessor, as if set by a #define directive. If value is present, it is used to initialize the definition. -EE Expand option. Run the C preprocessor ccpppp and write its out- put onto the standard output. -ff Floating point option. Include library routines that perform floating-point arithmetic. Because the floating-point routines require approximately five kilobytes of memory, the standard C library does not include them; the -ff option tells the compiler to include them. If a program is compiled without the -ff option but attempts to print a floating point number during execution by using the e, f, or g format specifications to printf, the message You must compile with -f option for floating point will be printed and the program will exit. COHERENT Lexicon Page 2 cc Command cc -II _n_a_m_e IInclude option. Specify a directory the preprocessor should search for files given in #include directives, using the following criteria: If the #iinncclluuddee statement reads #include "file.h" cccc searches for ffiillee.hh first in the source directory, then in the directory named in the -II_n_a_m_e option, and finally in the system's default directories. If the #iinncclluuddee statement reads #include <file.h> cccc searches for ffiillee.hh first in the directories named in the -II_n_a_m_e option, and then in the system's default directories. Multiple -II_n_a_m_e options are executed in the order of their of appearance. -KK Keep option. Do not erase the intermediate files generated during compilation. Temporary files will be written into the current directory. -ll _n_a_m_e llibrary option. Pass the name of a library to the linker. cc expands -lname into /lliibb/lliibb_n_a_m_e.aa. If an alternative library prefix has been specified by the -tl and -Bstring op- tions, then -lname expands to stringlliibbname.aa. Note that this is a linker option, and so must appear at the end of the cc command line, or it will not be processed correctly. -MM _s_t_r_i_n_g Machine option. Use an alternate version of cc0, cc1, cc1a, cc1b, cc2, cc3, as, lib*.a, and crts0.o, named by fixing string between the directory name and the pass and file names. -nn Instruct the linker ld to bind the output with separate shared and private segments, and which each starting on a separate hardware-segment boundary. This allows several processes to simultaneously use one copy of the shared seg- ment. Note that programs linked with this option will run a little more slowly than if they were not so linked; however, if a program forks (e.g., kkeerrmmiitt) or will be used by more than one user at a time (e.g., MicroEMACS), this slightly slower time will be more than offset by the program's being spared having to read an entire copy of itself from the disk. -NN[pp00112233ssddllrrtt]_s_t_r_i_n_g Name option. Rename a specified pass to string. The letters p0123sdlrt refer, respectively, to cpp, cc0, cc1, cc2, cc3, the assembler, the linker, the libraries, the run-time start- up, and the temporary files. COHERENT Lexicon Page 3 cc Command cc -oo _n_a_m_e Output option. Rename the executable file from the default to _n_a_m_e. If this option is not used, the executable will be named after the first .cc or .oo file on the command line. -OO Optimize option. Run the code generated by the C compiler through the peephole optimizer. The optimizer pass is man- datory for the i8086, Z8000, and M68000 compilers, and need not be requested. It is optional for the PDP11 compiler, but is recommended for all files except those that consist en- tirely of initialized tables of data. -qq[pp00112233ss] Quit option. Terminate compilation after running the specified pass. The letters pp00112233ss refer, respectively, to cpp, cc0, cc1, cc2, cc3, and the assembler. For example, to terminate compilation after running the parser cc0, type -qq00. -QQ Quiet option. Suppress all messages. -SS Suppress the object-writing and link phases, and invoke the disassembler cc3. This option produces an assembly-language version of a C program for examination, for example if a com- piler problem is suspected. The assembly-language output file name replaces the .c suffix with .s. This is equivalent to the -VVAASSMM option. -tt[pp0011aabb2233ssddllrrtt] Take option. Use alternate versions of the compiler phases and other files specified in the following string. If no following string is given, the cccc uses alternate version of every phase of the compiler, except the preprocessor. If the -tt option is followed by a -BB option, cccc prepends the prefix string named in the -BB option to the phases and files named in the -tt option; otherwise, the it looks for the alternate forms in the current directory. -UU _n_a_m_e Undefine symbol name. Use this option to undefine symbols that the preprocessor defines implicitly, such as the name of the native system or machine. -VV Verbose option. cccc prints onto the standard output a step- by-step description of each action it takes. VV_s_t_r_i_n_g Variant option. Toggle (i.e., turn on or off) the variant _s_t_r_i_n_g during the compilation. Variants that are marked oonn are turned on by default. Options marked SSttrriicctt: generate messages that warn of the conditions in question. cc recog- nizes the following variants: -VVAASSMM Output assembly-language code. Identical to -SS option, above. It can be used with the -VVLLIINNEESS option, described below, to COHERENT Lexicon Page 4 cc Command cc generate a line-numbered file of assembly language. Default is ooffff. -VVCCOOMMMM Permit .ccoomm-style data items. Default is oonn. -VVFFLLOOAATT Include floating point pprriinnttff routines. Same as -f option, above. -VVLLIINNEESS Generate line number information. Can be used with the option -VVAASSMM, described above, to generate assembly language output that uses line numbers. Default is ooffff. -VVQQUUIIEETT Suppress all messages. Identical to -Q option. Default is ooffff. -VVSSBBOOOOKK Strict: note deviations from _T_h_e _C _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_i_n_g _L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e, ed. 1. Default is ooffff. -VVSSCCCCOONN Strict: note constant conditional. Default is ooffff. -VVSSIINNUU Implement struct-in-union rules instead of Berkeley-member resolution rules. Default is ooffff, i.e., Berkeley rules are the default. -VVSSLLCCOONN Strict: iinntt constant promoted to lloonngg because value is too big. Default is oonn. -VVSSMMEEMMBB Strict: check use of structure/union members for adherence to standard rules of C. Default is oonn. -VVSSNNRREEGG Strict: register declaration reduced to auto. Default is oonn. -VVSSPPVVAALL Strict: pointer value truncated. Default is ooffff. -VVSSRRTTVVCC Strict: risky types in truth contexts. Default is ooffff. -VVSSTTAATT Give statistics on optimization. -VVSS Turn on all strict checking. Default is oonn. COHERENT Lexicon Page 5 cc Command cc -VVSSUURREEGG Strict: note unused registers. Default is ooffff. -VVSSUUVVAARR Strict: note unused variables. Default is oonn. -VV33GGRRAAPPHH Translate ANSI trigraphs. Default is ooffff. ***** See Also ***** as, C language, cc0, cc1, cc2, cc3, com- mands, cpp, ld _T_h_e _C _L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e, tutorial COHERENT Lexicon Page 6

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