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Annotation of coherent/a/usr/man/ALL/stringfunction, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: 
        !             2: 
        !             3: string functions             Overview            string functions
        !             4: 
        !             5: 
        !             6: 
        !             7: 
        !             8: The character  string is a  common formation in  C programs.  The
        !             9: runtime representation  of a string is an  array of ASCII charac-
        !            10: ters  that is  terminated by a  null character  (`\0').  COHERENT
        !            11: uses this  representation when a  program contains a  string con-
        !            12: stant; for example:
        !            13: 
        !            14: 
        !            15:         "I am a string constant"
        !            16: 
        !            17: 
        !            18: The address of  the first character in the string  is used as the
        !            19: starting point  of the string.  A pointer to  a string holds only
        !            20: this address.  Note, too, that an array of 20 characters can hold
        !            21: a string  of 19 (_n_o_t 20) non-null  characters; the 20th character
        !            22: is the null character that terminates the string.
        !            23: 
        !            24: The following routines are available to help manipulate strings:
        !            25: 
        !            26: iinnddeexx()   Search string for a character; use ssttrrcchhrr instead
        !            27: mmeemmcchhrr()  Search buffer for a character
        !            28: mmeemmccmmpp()  Compare two buffers
        !            29: mmeemmccppyy()  Copy one buffer into another
        !            30: mmeemmsseett()  Initialize a buffer
        !            31: ppnnmmaattcchh() Match a string pattern
        !            32: rriinnddeexx()  Search string for a character; use ssttrrrrcchhrr instead
        !            33: ssttrrccaatt()  Concatenate two strings
        !            34: ssttrrcchhrr()  Find a character in a string
        !            35: ssttrrccmmpp()  Compare two string
        !            36: ssttrrccppyy()  Copy one string into another
        !            37: ssttrrccssppnn() Return length for which strings do not match
        !            38: ssttrreerrrroorr()Translate error number into string
        !            39: ssttrrlleenn()  Measure a string
        !            40: ssttrrnnccaatt() Concatenate two strings
        !            41: ssttrrnnccmmpp() Compare two strings
        !            42: ssttrrnnccppyy() Copy one string into another
        !            43: ssttrrppbbrrkk() Find first occurrence of any character in string
        !            44: ssttrrrrcchhrr() Find rightmost occurrence of character
        !            45: ssttrrssppnn()  Return length for which strings match
        !            46: ssttrrssttrr()  Find one string within another
        !            47: ssttrrttookk()  Break a string into tokens
        !            48: 
        !            49: ***** Example *****
        !            50: 
        !            51: This example  reads from stdin up to NNAMES  names, each of which
        !            52: is no  more than MAXLEN characters long.   It then removes dupli-
        !            53: cate names,  sorts the names,  and writes the sorted  list to the
        !            54: standard  output.   It   demonstrates  the  functions  shellsort,
        !            55: strcat, strcmp, strcpy, and strlen.
        !            56: 
        !            57: 
        !            58: 
        !            59: 
        !            60: 
        !            61: 
        !            62: 
        !            63: 
        !            64: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 1
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        !            67: 
        !            68: 
        !            69: string functions             Overview            string functions
        !            70: 
        !            71: 
        !            72: 
        !            73: #include <stdio.h>
        !            74: 
        !            75: 
        !            76: 
        !            77: #define NNAMES 512
        !            78: #define MAXLEN 60
        !            79: 
        !            80: 
        !            81: 
        !            82: char *array[NNAMES];
        !            83: char first[MAXLEN], mid[MAXLEN], last[MAXLEN];
        !            84: char *space = " ";
        !            85: 
        !            86: 
        !            87: 
        !            88: int compare();
        !            89: extern char *strcat();
        !            90: 
        !            91: 
        !            92: 
        !            93: main()
        !            94: {
        !            95:           register int index, count, inflag;
        !            96:           register char *name;
        !            97: 
        !            98: 
        !            99: 
        !           100:           count = 0;
        !           101:           while (scanf("%s %s %s\n", first, mid, last) == 3) {
        !           102:           strcat(first, space);
        !           103:           strcat(mid, space);
        !           104:           name = strcat(first, (strcat(mid, last)));
        !           105:           inflag = 0;
        !           106: 
        !           107: 
        !           108: 
        !           109:           for (index=0; index < count; index++)
        !           110:            if (strcmp(array[index], name) == 0)
        !           111:             inflag = 1;
        !           112: 
        !           113: 
        !           114: 
        !           115:           if (inflag == 0) {
        !           116:            if ((array[count] =
        !           117:             malloc(strlen(name) + 1)) == NULL) {
        !           118:             fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient memory\n");
        !           119:             exit(1);
        !           120:            }
        !           121:            strcpy(array[count], name);
        !           122:            count++;
        !           123:           }
        !           124:           }
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        !           128: 
        !           129: 
        !           130: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 2
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        !           132: 
        !           133: 
        !           134: 
        !           135: string functions             Overview            string functions
        !           136: 
        !           137: 
        !           138: 
        !           139: 
        !           140:           shellsort(array, count, sizeof(char *), compare);
        !           141:           for (index=0; index < count; index++)
        !           142:           printf("%s\n", array[index]);
        !           143:           exit(0);
        !           144: }
        !           145: 
        !           146: 
        !           147: 
        !           148: compare(s1, s2)
        !           149: register char **s1, **s2;
        !           150: {
        !           151:           extern int strcmp();
        !           152:           return(strcmp(*s1, *s2));
        !           153: }
        !           154: 
        !           155: 
        !           156: ***** See Also *****
        !           157: 
        !           158: ASCII, libraries
        !           159: 
        !           160: ***** Notes *****
        !           161: 
        !           162: The ANSI standard allows adjacent string literals, e.g.:
        !           163: 
        !           164: 
        !           165:           "hello" "world"
        !           166: 
        !           167: 
        !           168: Adjacent string  literals are automatically  concatenated.  Thus,
        !           169: the  compiler will  automatically concatenate  the  above example
        !           170: into:
        !           171: 
        !           172: 
        !           173:           "helloworld"
        !           174: 
        !           175: 
        !           176: Because this  departs from the Kernighan  and Ritchie description
        !           177: of C,  it will  generate a  warning message if  you use  the com-
        !           178: piler's -VVSSBBOOOOKK option.
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        !           195: 
        !           196: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 3
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