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Annotation of coherent/a/usr/man/COHERENT/hard_disk, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: 
        !             2: 
        !             3: hard disk             Technical Information             hard disk
        !             4: 
        !             5: 
        !             6: 
        !             7: 
        !             8: The hard disk is the  primary means of storing and accessing data
        !             9: under the COHERENT  system.  This article introduces some aspects
        !            10: of the  COHERENT system that affect the care  and feeding of your
        !            11: hard disk.
        !            12: 
        !            13: ***** Device Drivers *****
        !            14: 
        !            15: The  COHERENT system  comes  with two  sets of  drivers for  hard
        !            16: disks:  the aatt  drivers, for  AT-style hard  disks; and  the ssccssii
        !            17: drivers, for the SCSI family of hard disks.  See their respective
        !            18: articles in the Lexicon for details.
        !            19: 
        !            20: ***** Partitioning *****
        !            21: 
        !            22: The COHERENT  command ffddiisskk  displays information about  how your
        !            23: hard  disk  is currently  configured.   You can  also  use it  to
        !            24: repartition your hard disk and reassign partitions from MS-DOS to
        !            25: COHERENT, or vice versa.
        !            26: 
        !            27: Note that  this is an extremely powerful  command, with which you
        !            28: can create  much mayhem on your system.   Like any powerful tool,
        !            29: it should be treated carefully and with respect.  See the article
        !            30: on ffddiisskk in the Lexicon for details on how to use this command.
        !            31: 
        !            32: Partitioning your  hard drive can be  an uncomplicated procedure.
        !            33: We offer  these guidelines in an  effort to make it  as simple as
        !            34: possible.   Before attempting any  partitioning you  should first
        !            35: back-up all the data currently on your hard drive.  If you do not
        !            36: do this  you risk losing data permanently.   You should also know
        !            37: the  correct  physical  parameters  of  your  hard  drive.   This
        !            38: information can  be obtained  from your machine  documentation or
        !            39: from  the drive  manufacturer.  It  is  best not  to rely  on the
        !            40: parameters  given   in  the   BIOS:  these  may   be  translation
        !            41: parameters.
        !            42: 
        !            43: If your drive is formatted for MS-DOS, it is advisable to run MS-
        !            44: DOS ffddiisskk  before you  start to  install COHERENT.  If  the whole
        !            45: drive is taken up by DOS partitions, you must use MS-DOS ffddiisskk to
        !            46: create a non-DOS area on the drive.  It is not sufficient to have
        !            47: an empty  MS-DOS logical drive set  aside for COHERENT.  COHERENT
        !            48: does not recognise MS-DOS  logical drives, it only sees the whole
        !            49: partition.  In  the following diagram,  the top column  shows the
        !            50: way MS-DOS ffddiisskk sees your  drive, and lower the column shows the
        !            51: way COHERENT ffddiisskk sees your drive:
        !            52: 
        !            53: 
        !            54:         Z-------------------------?
        !            55:         |    DOS Root Partition   |
        !            56:         C-------------------------4
        !            57:         |  DOS Extended Partition |
        !            58:         |  C-------------------4  |
        !            59:         |  |  Logical Drive 1  |  |
        !            60:         |  C-------------------4  |
        !            61:         |  |  Logical Drive 2  |  |
        !            62: 
        !            63: 
        !            64: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 1
        !            65: 
        !            66: 
        !            67: 
        !            68: 
        !            69: hard disk             Technical Information             hard disk
        !            70: 
        !            71: 
        !            72: 
        !            73:         |  C-------------------4  |
        !            74:         |  |  Logical Drive 3  |  |
        !            75:         |  @-------------------Y  |
        !            76:         @-------------------------4
        !            77: 
        !            78: 
        !            79: 
        !            80:         Z--------------------------?
        !            81:         |     DOS Root Partition   |
        !            82:         C--------------------------4
        !            83:         |                          |
        !            84:         |                          |
        !            85:         |                          |
        !            86:         |                          |
        !            87:         |  DOS Extended Partition  |
        !            88:         |                          |
        !            89:         |                          |
        !            90:         |                          |
        !            91:         @--------------------------4
        !            92: 
        !            93: 
        !            94: If you  use COHERENT ffddiisskk to repartition  MS-DOS space, you risk
        !            95: causing MS-DOS  ffddiisskk to hang.  One further  word of warning.  If
        !            96: you have an automated disk formatting and partitioning utility on
        !            97: your  MS-DOS partition  such as  Disk  Manager or  Speedstor, you
        !            98: should operate it in ``manual'' mode, not in ``automatic''.
        !            99: 
        !           100: Some hard  drives have more  than 1,024 cylinders.   COHERENT can
        !           101: only recognise a drive up to  this limit.  You may have a utility
        !           102: such  as Speedstor  that allows  you  to place  MS-DOS partitions
        !           103: beyond that  boundary.  COHERENT  will not see  those partitions,
        !           104: but you can still  access them as usual through MS-DOS.  However,
        !           105: when partitioning  a drive with more than  1,024 cylinders, it is
        !           106: necessary to follow the following principles:
        !           107: 
        !           108: 11.   Run  the partitioning  utility before  you start  to install
        !           109:      COHERENT.  You should  create a non-DOS partition that falls
        !           110:      completely  within the  1,022-cylinder boundary.   Your next
        !           111:      MS-DOS  partition should  start no  sooner than  the 1,026th
        !           112:      cylinder.
        !           113: 
        !           114: ***** Adding a COHERENT Partition *****
        !           115: 
        !           116: The following  describes how to  add a new  COHERENT partition on
        !           117: your hard disk.
        !           118: 
        !           119: During  your initial installation  of COHERENT,  the installation
        !           120: program  handled the  details  of preparing  your  hard disk  for
        !           121: COHERENT.  Adding  a partition after  the system is  installed is
        !           122: not difficult, but  it requires that you understand the operation
        !           123: of the  following commands:  bbaaddssccaann, cchhmmoodd, cchhoowwnn,  ffddiisskk, ffsscckk,
        !           124: mmkkffss  and  mmoouunntt. See  the  Lexicon articles  for  each of  these
        !           125: commands  for  further information  before  attempting  to add  a
        !           126: partition.
        !           127: 
        !           128: 
        !           129: 
        !           130: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 2
        !           131: 
        !           132: 
        !           133: 
        !           134: 
        !           135: hard disk             Technical Information             hard disk
        !           136: 
        !           137: 
        !           138: 
        !           139: In  general, the  following steps  are  required when  creating a
        !           140: partition for  use by  COHERENT.  Please  note that you  must not
        !           141: change the  size of your  existing root partition, or  you may no
        !           142: longer be able to boot COHERENT from the hard disk.
        !           143: 
        !           144: 11. Completely back up all  partitions on your hard disk.  Be sure
        !           145:    to  back  up the  COHERENT  partitions, as  well  as any  non-
        !           146:    COHERENT partitions (e.g.,  those for MS-DOS or OS/2).  Verify
        !           147:    that your backups are _r_e_a_d_a_b_l_e and _c_o_r_r_e_c_t.
        !           148: 
        !           149: 22. Log in  as the superuser  rroooott. Make sure all  other users are
        !           150:    off the  system; then  invoke the command  /eettcc/sshhuuttddoowwnn. This
        !           151:    shuts  down COHERENT  and  returns the  system to  single-user
        !           152:    mode.  Type the command ssyynncc to flush all buffers.
        !           153: 
        !           154: 33. Invoke  the  COHERENT  command  ffddiisskk  and  add  the  COHERENT
        !           155:    partition to your disk,  as described above.  Be sure to write
        !           156:    down the device name associated with your new partition (e.g.,
        !           157:    /ddeevv/aatt00cc) and its size.
        !           158: 
        !           159: 44. The command bbaaddssccaann checks the device for bad blocks.  If your
        !           160:    partition resides on  a non-SCSI device (e.g., MFM, RLL, ESDI,
        !           161:    or IDE), run the command bbaaddssccaann as follows:
        !           162: 
        !           163:            /etc/badscan -v -o /conf/proto._d_e_v_i_c_e _r_a_w__d_e_v_i_c_e _x_d_e_v_i_c_e
        !           164: 
        !           165:    where _d_e_v_i_c_e specifies the four-character block-special device
        !           166:    name for  the partition (e.g.,  aatt00cc), _r_a_w__d_e_v_i_c_e is  the full
        !           167:    device path  name for the  character-special device associated
        !           168:    with the  partition (e.g., /ddeevv/rraatt00cc),  and _x_d_e_v_i_c_e specifies
        !           169:    the   partition-table  device  for   the  disk   drive  (e.g.,
        !           170:    /ddeevv/aatt00xx).
        !           171: 
        !           172: 55. Invoke the  command mmkkffss to  create a COHERENT  file system on
        !           173:    the new partition, as follows:
        !           174: 
        !           175:            /etc/mkfs /dev/_d_e_v_i_c_e /conf/proto._d_e_v_i_c_e
        !           176: 
        !           177:    This invocation  will cause  mmkkffss to  use the contents  of the
        !           178:    ``proto''  file  that   bbaaddssccaann  created  when  it  built  the
        !           179:    _b_a_d__b_l_o_c_k list for the new partition.
        !           180: 
        !           181: 66. If need be, use command mmkkddiirr  to create a directory to use as
        !           182:    a _m_o_u_n_t  _p_o_i_n_t for the  newly created file  system.  The mount
        !           183:    point is the directory onto which this directory's file system
        !           184:    will be  appended.  Usually,  this directory is  located under
        !           185:    `/', also called  the _r_o_o_t _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y.  You can, however, mount
        !           186:    a file system onto  any directory that already exists.  If you
        !           187:    create a new directory  (e.g., /ww or /mmyyddiirr), use the commands
        !           188:    cchhoowwnn and  cchhmmoodd to set an appropriate  ownership and mode for
        !           189:    for the directory.
        !           190: 
        !           191: 77. Edit the  file /eettcc/mmoouunntt.aallll and add a  line of the following
        !           192:    form:
        !           193: 
        !           194: 
        !           195: 
        !           196: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 3
        !           197: 
        !           198: 
        !           199: 
        !           200: 
        !           201: hard disk             Technical Information             hard disk
        !           202: 
        !           203: 
        !           204: 
        !           205:            /etc/mount _d_e_v_i_c_e /_m_o_u_n_t__p_o_i_n_t
        !           206: 
        !           207:    where  _d_e_v_i_c_e  is  the  full  path  name of  the  device  that
        !           208:    specifies   your   new   partition  (e.g.,   /ddeevv/aatt00cc),   and
        !           209:    _m_o_u_n_t__p_o_i_n_t is  the name of the directory  that you created in
        !           210:    the earlier step.
        !           211: 
        !           212: 88. Finally, edit  the file  /eettcc/cchheecckklliisstt and add  the character
        !           213:    special  device name  (e.g., /ddeevv/rraatt00cc)  of the  new COHERENT
        !           214:    partition  to  it.    This  will  ensure  that  COHERENT  will
        !           215:    automatically  run  ffsscckk   on  that  partition's  file  system
        !           216:    whenever you boot the system.  This can be vital in recovering
        !           217:    from a system crash.
        !           218: 
        !           219: ***** Adding Another Hard Disk *****
        !           220: 
        !           221: If you wish to add another hard disk to your system, you may have
        !           222: to run  some low-level routines that  are hardware specific.  See
        !           223: the documentation that accompanies your hardware for details.
        !           224: 
        !           225: In brief, when you install  the hard disk, you must partition it,
        !           226: as  you did  your  original hard  disk when  you first  installed
        !           227: COHERENT.  If  you wish to add  non-COHERENT operating systems to
        !           228: one or  more partitions,  do so first;  then add COHERENT  to the
        !           229: remaining partitions, as described above.
        !           230: 
        !           231: ***** Changing the Size of the Root Partition *****
        !           232: 
        !           233: Changing  the size  of your  rroooott file  system requires  that you
        !           234: reinstall COHERENT.  It is  strongly advised that you back up _a_l_l
        !           235: partitions  of your  system before  you attempt  to do  this.  In
        !           236: addition,  to reduce  the time  involved  in restoring  your data
        !           237: files,  make an  additional backup of  all directories  and files
        !           238: that  have  changed form  your  original  MWC installation.   The
        !           239: command ffiinndd will help you locate all such files; see its Lexicon
        !           240: entry for details.
        !           241: 
        !           242: You should then follow  the directions given in the release notes
        !           243: for installing  COHERENT.  Note that when  you attempt to install
        !           244: COHERENT over  an existing COHERENT partition,  COHERENT will ask
        !           245: you  if  you are  sure  you  know what  you're  doing before  the
        !           246: installation  procedure   creates  a  new  file   system  on  the
        !           247: partition.  Be sure to request that a new file system be created,
        !           248: or the installation will fail.
        !           249: 
        !           250: After  installing the  COHERENT distribution  onto your  new root
        !           251: partition, restore any data files and directories from the second
        !           252: set of backups that you performed.
        !           253: 
        !           254: ***** See Also *****
        !           255: 
        !           256: aatt,  bbaaddssccaann, cchhmmoodd, cchhoowwnn,  ffddiisskk, ffsscckk,  tteecchhnniiccaall iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn,
        !           257: mmkkffss, mmoouunntt, ssccssii
        !           258: 
        !           259: 
        !           260: 
        !           261: 
        !           262: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 4
        !           263: 
        !           264: 

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