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Annotation of coherent/a/usr/man/MULTI/ed, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: 
        !             2: 
        !             3: ed                           Command                           ed
        !             4: 
        !             5: 
        !             6: 
        !             7: 
        !             8: Interactive line editor
        !             9: 
        !            10: eedd [-] [+ccmmooppssvv] [_f_i_l_e]
        !            11: 
        !            12: ed is the COHERENT system's interactive line editor.
        !            13: 
        !            14: ed is a line-oriented  interactive text editor.  With it, you can
        !            15: locate and  replace text patterns,  move or copy  blocks of text,
        !            16: and print parts  of the text.  ed can read  text from input files
        !            17: and can write all or part of the edited text to other files.
        !            18: 
        !            19: ed reads  commands from the  standard input, usually  one command
        !            20: per line.   Normally, ed  does not  prompt for commands.   If the
        !            21: optional file  argument is given, ed edits the  given file, as if
        !            22: the file were read with the e command described below.
        !            23: 
        !            24: ed manipulates a copy of the  text in memory rather than with the
        !            25: file itself.   No changes to  a file occur until  the user writes
        !            26: edited text with the w  command.  Large files can be divided with
        !            27: split or edited with the stream editor sed.
        !            28: 
        !            29: ed remembers some information to simplify its commands.  The cur-
        !            30: rent line is typically  the line most recently edited or printed.
        !            31: When ed reads  in a file, the last line  read becomes the current
        !            32: line.  The  current file name is the last  file name specified in
        !            33: an e or  f command.  The current search pattern  is the last pat-
        !            34: tern specified in a search specification.
        !            35: 
        !            36: ed identifies text  lines by integer line numbers, beginning with
        !            37: one for the first line.  Several special forms identify a line or
        !            38: a range of lines, as follows:
        !            39: 
        !            40: _n    A decimal number n specifies the nth line of the text.
        !            41: 
        !            42: .    A period `.' specifies the current line.
        !            43: 
        !            44: $    A dollar sign `$' specifies the last line of the text.
        !            45: 
        !            46: +,-  Simple arithmetic may be performed on line numbers.
        !            47: 
        !            48: /_p_a_t_t_e_r_n/
        !            49:      Search forward from the current line for the next occurrence
        !            50:      of the pattern.  If ed finds no occurrence before the end of
        !            51:      the text,  the search  wraps to  the beginning of  the text.
        !            52:      Patterns, also called  regular expressions, are described in
        !            53:      detail below.
        !            54: 
        !            55: ?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n?
        !            56:      Search backwards  from the current line  to the previous oc-
        !            57:      currence of  the pattern.  If ed  finds no occurrence before
        !            58:      the beginning  of the text,  the search wraps to  the end of
        !            59:      the text.
        !            60: 
        !            61: 
        !            62: 
        !            63: 
        !            64: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 1
        !            65: 
        !            66: 
        !            67: 
        !            68: 
        !            69: ed                           Command                           ed
        !            70: 
        !            71: 
        !            72: 
        !            73: '_x   Lines  marked with the kx command  described below are iden-
        !            74:      tified by 'x.  The x may be any lower-case letter.
        !            75: 
        !            76: _n,_m  Line  specifiers separated by a comma  `,' specify the range
        !            77:      of lines between the two given lines, inclusive.
        !            78: 
        !            79: _n;_m   Line specifiers  separated by a  semicolon `;'  specify the
        !            80:      range of lines between the two given lines, inclusive.  Nor-
        !            81:      mally, ed  updates the current  line after it  executes each
        !            82:      command.  If  a semicolon `;' rather  than a comma separates
        !            83:      two  line specifiers,  ed  updates the  current line  before
        !            84:      reading the second.
        !            85: 
        !            86: *    An  asterisk `*'  specifies all  lines; it is  equivalent to
        !            87:      1,$.
        !            88: 
        !            89: ***** Commands *****
        !            90: 
        !            91: ed commands consist of a  single letter, which may be preceded by
        !            92: one or  two specifiers that give  the line or lines  to which the
        !            93: command is to be applied.  The following command summary uses the
        !            94: notations [_n] and [_n[,_m]]  to refer to an optional line specifier
        !            95: and an  optional range, respectively.  These  default to the cur-
        !            96: rent line  when omitted, except  where otherwise noted.   A semi-
        !            97: colon `;' may be used instead of a comma `,' to separate two line
        !            98: specifiers.
        !            99: 
        !           100: .     Print the  current line.   Also, a  line containing  only a
        !           101:      period `.'  marks the end of  appended, changed, or inserted
        !           102:      text.
        !           103: 
        !           104: [_n]  Print  given line.   If no line  number is given  (i.e., the
        !           105:      command line  consists only of  a  newline character), print
        !           106:      the line that follows the current line.
        !           107: 
        !           108: [_n]= Print the specified line number (default: last line number).
        !           109: 
        !           110: [_n]& Print a screen of 23 lines; equivalent to _n,_n+2222pp.
        !           111: 
        !           112: ! _l_i_n_e
        !           113:      Pass  the given  line  to the  shell sh  for execution.   ed
        !           114:      prompts with an exclamation point `!' when execution is com-
        !           115:      pleted.
        !           116: 
        !           117: ?    Print a brief description of the most recent error.
        !           118: 
        !           119: [_n]aa Append new text after  line n.  Terminate new text with line
        !           120:      that contains only a period `.'.
        !           121: 
        !           122: [_n[,_m]]cc
        !           123:      Change specified lines to new text.  Terminate new text with
        !           124:      a line that contains only a period `.'.
        !           125: 
        !           126: [_n[,_m]]dd[pp]
        !           127:      Delete  specified lines.   If p  follows, print  new current
        !           128: 
        !           129: 
        !           130: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 2
        !           131: 
        !           132: 
        !           133: 
        !           134: 
        !           135: ed                           Command                           ed
        !           136: 
        !           137: 
        !           138: 
        !           139:      line.
        !           140: 
        !           141: ee [_f_i_l_e]
        !           142:      Edit the  specified file  (default: current file  name).  An
        !           143:      error occurs  if there  are unsaved changes.   Reissuing the
        !           144:      command after the error message forces ed to edit the file.
        !           145: 
        !           146: EE [_f_i_l_e]
        !           147:      Edit the  specified file  (default: current file  name).  No
        !           148:      error occurs if there are unsaved changes.
        !           149: 
        !           150: ff [_f_i_l_e]
        !           151:      Change the current file name  to file and print it.  If file
        !           152:      is omitted, print the current file name.
        !           153: 
        !           154: [_n[,_m]]gg/[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n]/_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_s
        !           155:      Globally  execute commands  for each  line in  the specified
        !           156:      range  (default:  all   lines)  that  contains  the  pattern
        !           157:      (default: current search  pattern).  The commands may extend
        !           158:      over several lines, with all but the last terminated by `\'.
        !           159: 
        !           160: [_n]ii Insert  text before line n.  Terminate new  text with a line
        !           161:      that contains only a period `.'.
        !           162: 
        !           163: [_n[,_m]]jj[pp]
        !           164:      Join specified lines into  one line.  If m is not specified,
        !           165:      use range n, If no range is specified, join the current line
        !           166:      with the next line.  With optional p, print resulting line.
        !           167: 
        !           168: [_n]kk_x
        !           169:      Mark given line with lower-case letter x.
        !           170: 
        !           171: [_n[,_m]]ll
        !           172:      List selected lines, interpreting non-graphic characters.
        !           173: 
        !           174: [_n[,_m]]mm[_d]
        !           175:      Move  selected  lines to  follow  line  d (default:  current
        !           176:      line).
        !           177: 
        !           178: oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_s
        !           179:      Change  the given  options.  The options  may consist  of an
        !           180:      optional sign  `+' or  `-', followed by  one or more  of the
        !           181:      letters `ccmmooppssvv'.  Options are explained below.
        !           182: 
        !           183: [_n[,_m]][pp]
        !           184:      Print selected lines.  The p is optional.
        !           185: 
        !           186: qq    Quit editing and exit.  An error occurs if there are unsaved
        !           187:      changes.  Reissuing the command after the error message for-
        !           188:      ces ed to exit.
        !           189: 
        !           190: QQ    Quit editing and exit.  No error occurs if there are unsaved
        !           191:      changes.
        !           192: 
        !           193: 
        !           194: 
        !           195: 
        !           196: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 3
        !           197: 
        !           198: 
        !           199: 
        !           200: 
        !           201: ed                           Command                           ed
        !           202: 
        !           203: 
        !           204: 
        !           205: [_n]rr [_f_i_l_e]
        !           206:      Read file into  current text after given line (default: last
        !           207:      line).
        !           208: 
        !           209: [_n[,_m]]ss[_k]/[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n_1]/_p_a_t_t_e_r_n_2/[gg][pp]
        !           210:      Search for pattern1 (default, remembered search pattern) and
        !           211:      substitute pattern2  for kth occurrence  (default, first) on
        !           212:      each  line of  the given  range.   If g  follows, substitute
        !           213:      every  occurrence on  each line.   If  p follows,  print the
        !           214:      resulting current line.
        !           215: 
        !           216: [_n[,_m]]tt[_d]
        !           217:      Transfer (copy)  selected lines  to follow line  d (default,
        !           218:      current line).
        !           219: 
        !           220: [_n]uu[pp]
        !           221:      Undo  effect  of last  substitute  command.   If optional  p
        !           222:      specified, print  undone line.   The specified line  must be
        !           223:      the last substituted line.
        !           224: 
        !           225: [_n[,_m]]vv/[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n]/_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_s
        !           226:      Globally  execute commands  for each  line in  the specified
        !           227:      range  (default:  all  lines)  not  containing  the  pattern
        !           228:      (default: current search  pattern).  The commands may extend
        !           229:      over several lines, with all but the last terminated by `\'.
        !           230:      The v command is like the g command, except the sense of the
        !           231:      search is reversed.
        !           232: 
        !           233: [_n[,_m]]ww [_f_i_l_e]
        !           234:      Write selected lines  (default, all lines) to file (default,
        !           235:      current file name).   The previous contents of file, if any,
        !           236:      are lost.
        !           237: 
        !           238: [_n[,_m]]WW [_f_i_l_e]
        !           239:      Write  specified lines  (default, all lines)  to the  end of
        !           240:      file (default,  current file name).  Like  w, but appends to
        !           241:      file instead of truncating it.
        !           242: 
        !           243: ***** Patterns *****
        !           244: 
        !           245: Substitution commands and  search specifications may include pat-
        !           246: terns, also called  regular expressions.  A non-special character
        !           247: in  a pattern  matches  itself.  Special  characters include  the
        !           248: following.
        !           249: 
        !           250: ^    Match beginning of line, unless it appears immediately after
        !           251:      `[' (see below).
        !           252: 
        !           253: $    Match end of line.
        !           254: 
        !           255: *    Matches zero or more repetitions of preceding character.
        !           256: 
        !           257: .    Matches any character except newline.
        !           258: 
        !           259: 
        !           260: 
        !           261: 
        !           262: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 4
        !           263: 
        !           264: 
        !           265: 
        !           266: 
        !           267: ed                           Command                           ed
        !           268: 
        !           269: 
        !           270: 
        !           271: [_c_h_a_r_s]
        !           272:      Matches any one of the enclosed chars.  Ranges of letters or
        !           273:      digits may be indicated using `-'.
        !           274: 
        !           275: [^_c_h_a_r_s]
        !           276:      Matches  any character  except  one of  the enclosed  chars.
        !           277:      Ranges of letters or digits may be indicated using `-'.
        !           278: 
        !           279: \_c   Disregard special meaning of character c.
        !           280: 
        !           281: \(_p_a_t_t_e_r_n\)
        !           282:      Delimit substring pattern for use with \_d, described below.
        !           283: 
        !           284: The replacement part  pattern2 of the substitute command may also
        !           285: use the following:
        !           286: 
        !           287: &    Insert characters matched by pattern1.
        !           288: 
        !           289: \_d   Insert  substring delimited by dth  occurrence of delimiters
        !           290:      `\(' and `\)', where d is a digit.
        !           291: 
        !           292: ***** Options *****
        !           293: 
        !           294: The user may  specify ed options on the command  line, in the en-
        !           295: vironment, or  with the o command.  The  available options are as
        !           296: follows:
        !           297: 
        !           298: cc    Print character counts on e, r, and w commands.
        !           299: 
        !           300: mm    Allow multiple commands per line.
        !           301: 
        !           302: oo    Print line counts instead of character counts on e, r, and w
        !           303:      commands.
        !           304: 
        !           305: pp    Prompt with an `*' for each command.
        !           306: 
        !           307: ss    Match lower-case letters in a pattern to both upper-case and
        !           308:      lower-case text characters.
        !           309: 
        !           310: vv    Print verbose versions of error messages.
        !           311: 
        !           312: The c option is normally  set, and all others are normally reset.
        !           313: Options may be  set on the command line with  a leading `+' sign.
        !           314: The `-' command line option resets the c option.
        !           315: 
        !           316: Options may be set in the environment with an assignment, such as
        !           317: 
        !           318: 
        !           319:         export ED=+cv
        !           320: 
        !           321: 
        !           322: Options may  be set with  the `+' prefix  or  reset with  the `-'
        !           323: prefix.
        !           324: 
        !           325: 
        !           326: 
        !           327: 
        !           328: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 5
        !           329: 
        !           330: 
        !           331: 
        !           332: 
        !           333: ed                           Command                           ed
        !           334: 
        !           335: 
        !           336: 
        !           337: ***** See Also *****
        !           338: 
        !           339: commands, me, sed
        !           340: _I_n_t_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n _t_o _e_d
        !           341: 
        !           342: ***** Diagnostics *****
        !           343: 
        !           344: ed usually prints only the diagnostic `?' on any error.  When the
        !           345: verbose option  v is  specified, the `?'  is followed by  a brief
        !           346: description of the nature of the error.
        !           347: 
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        !           394: COHERENT Lexicon                                           Page 6
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