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1.1 root 1:
2:
3: ed Command ed
4:
5:
6:
7:
8: Interactive line editor
9:
10: eedd [-] [+ccmmooppssvv] [_f_i_l_e]
11:
12: ed is the COHERENT system's interactive line editor.
13:
14: ed is a line-oriented interactive text editor. With it, you can
15: locate and replace text patterns, move or copy blocks of text,
16: and print parts of the text. ed can read text from input files
17: and can write all or part of the edited text to other files.
18:
19: ed reads commands from the standard input, usually one command
20: per line. Normally, ed does not prompt for commands. If the
21: optional file argument is given, ed edits the given file, as if
22: the file were read with the e command described below.
23:
24: ed manipulates a copy of the text in memory rather than with the
25: file itself. No changes to a file occur until the user writes
26: edited text with the w command. Large files can be divided with
27: split or edited with the stream editor sed.
28:
29: ed remembers some information to simplify its commands. The cur-
30: rent line is typically the line most recently edited or printed.
31: When ed reads in a file, the last line read becomes the current
32: line. The current file name is the last file name specified in
33: an e or f command. The current search pattern is the last pat-
34: tern specified in a search specification.
35:
36: ed identifies text lines by integer line numbers, beginning with
37: one for the first line. Several special forms identify a line or
38: a range of lines, as follows:
39:
40: _n A decimal number n specifies the nth line of the text.
41:
42: . A period `.' specifies the current line.
43:
44: $ A dollar sign `$' specifies the last line of the text.
45:
46: +,- Simple arithmetic may be performed on line numbers.
47:
48: /_p_a_t_t_e_r_n/
49: Search forward from the current line for the next occurrence
50: of the pattern. If ed finds no occurrence before the end of
51: the text, the search wraps to the beginning of the text.
52: Patterns, also called regular expressions, are described in
53: detail below.
54:
55: ?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n?
56: Search backwards from the current line to the previous oc-
57: currence of the pattern. If ed finds no occurrence before
58: the beginning of the text, the search wraps to the end of
59: the text.
60:
61:
62:
63:
64: COHERENT Lexicon Page 1
65:
66:
67:
68:
69: ed Command ed
70:
71:
72:
73: '_x Lines marked with the kx command described below are iden-
74: tified by 'x. The x may be any lower-case letter.
75:
76: _n,_m Line specifiers separated by a comma `,' specify the range
77: of lines between the two given lines, inclusive.
78:
79: _n;_m Line specifiers separated by a semicolon `;' specify the
80: range of lines between the two given lines, inclusive. Nor-
81: mally, ed updates the current line after it executes each
82: command. If a semicolon `;' rather than a comma separates
83: two line specifiers, ed updates the current line before
84: reading the second.
85:
86: * An asterisk `*' specifies all lines; it is equivalent to
87: 1,$.
88:
89: ***** Commands *****
90:
91: ed commands consist of a single letter, which may be preceded by
92: one or two specifiers that give the line or lines to which the
93: command is to be applied. The following command summary uses the
94: notations [_n] and [_n[,_m]] to refer to an optional line specifier
95: and an optional range, respectively. These default to the cur-
96: rent line when omitted, except where otherwise noted. A semi-
97: colon `;' may be used instead of a comma `,' to separate two line
98: specifiers.
99:
100: . Print the current line. Also, a line containing only a
101: period `.' marks the end of appended, changed, or inserted
102: text.
103:
104: [_n] Print given line. If no line number is given (i.e., the
105: command line consists only of a newline character), print
106: the line that follows the current line.
107:
108: [_n]= Print the specified line number (default: last line number).
109:
110: [_n]& Print a screen of 23 lines; equivalent to _n,_n+2222pp.
111:
112: ! _l_i_n_e
113: Pass the given line to the shell sh for execution. ed
114: prompts with an exclamation point `!' when execution is com-
115: pleted.
116:
117: ? Print a brief description of the most recent error.
118:
119: [_n]aa Append new text after line n. Terminate new text with line
120: that contains only a period `.'.
121:
122: [_n[,_m]]cc
123: Change specified lines to new text. Terminate new text with
124: a line that contains only a period `.'.
125:
126: [_n[,_m]]dd[pp]
127: Delete specified lines. If p follows, print new current
128:
129:
130: COHERENT Lexicon Page 2
131:
132:
133:
134:
135: ed Command ed
136:
137:
138:
139: line.
140:
141: ee [_f_i_l_e]
142: Edit the specified file (default: current file name). An
143: error occurs if there are unsaved changes. Reissuing the
144: command after the error message forces ed to edit the file.
145:
146: EE [_f_i_l_e]
147: Edit the specified file (default: current file name). No
148: error occurs if there are unsaved changes.
149:
150: ff [_f_i_l_e]
151: Change the current file name to file and print it. If file
152: is omitted, print the current file name.
153:
154: [_n[,_m]]gg/[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n]/_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_s
155: Globally execute commands for each line in the specified
156: range (default: all lines) that contains the pattern
157: (default: current search pattern). The commands may extend
158: over several lines, with all but the last terminated by `\'.
159:
160: [_n]ii Insert text before line n. Terminate new text with a line
161: that contains only a period `.'.
162:
163: [_n[,_m]]jj[pp]
164: Join specified lines into one line. If m is not specified,
165: use range n, If no range is specified, join the current line
166: with the next line. With optional p, print resulting line.
167:
168: [_n]kk_x
169: Mark given line with lower-case letter x.
170:
171: [_n[,_m]]ll
172: List selected lines, interpreting non-graphic characters.
173:
174: [_n[,_m]]mm[_d]
175: Move selected lines to follow line d (default: current
176: line).
177:
178: oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_s
179: Change the given options. The options may consist of an
180: optional sign `+' or `-', followed by one or more of the
181: letters `ccmmooppssvv'. Options are explained below.
182:
183: [_n[,_m]][pp]
184: Print selected lines. The p is optional.
185:
186: qq Quit editing and exit. An error occurs if there are unsaved
187: changes. Reissuing the command after the error message for-
188: ces ed to exit.
189:
190: QQ Quit editing and exit. No error occurs if there are unsaved
191: changes.
192:
193:
194:
195:
196: COHERENT Lexicon Page 3
197:
198:
199:
200:
201: ed Command ed
202:
203:
204:
205: [_n]rr [_f_i_l_e]
206: Read file into current text after given line (default: last
207: line).
208:
209: [_n[,_m]]ss[_k]/[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n_1]/_p_a_t_t_e_r_n_2/[gg][pp]
210: Search for pattern1 (default, remembered search pattern) and
211: substitute pattern2 for kth occurrence (default, first) on
212: each line of the given range. If g follows, substitute
213: every occurrence on each line. If p follows, print the
214: resulting current line.
215:
216: [_n[,_m]]tt[_d]
217: Transfer (copy) selected lines to follow line d (default,
218: current line).
219:
220: [_n]uu[pp]
221: Undo effect of last substitute command. If optional p
222: specified, print undone line. The specified line must be
223: the last substituted line.
224:
225: [_n[,_m]]vv/[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n]/_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_s
226: Globally execute commands for each line in the specified
227: range (default: all lines) not containing the pattern
228: (default: current search pattern). The commands may extend
229: over several lines, with all but the last terminated by `\'.
230: The v command is like the g command, except the sense of the
231: search is reversed.
232:
233: [_n[,_m]]ww [_f_i_l_e]
234: Write selected lines (default, all lines) to file (default,
235: current file name). The previous contents of file, if any,
236: are lost.
237:
238: [_n[,_m]]WW [_f_i_l_e]
239: Write specified lines (default, all lines) to the end of
240: file (default, current file name). Like w, but appends to
241: file instead of truncating it.
242:
243: ***** Patterns *****
244:
245: Substitution commands and search specifications may include pat-
246: terns, also called regular expressions. A non-special character
247: in a pattern matches itself. Special characters include the
248: following.
249:
250: ^ Match beginning of line, unless it appears immediately after
251: `[' (see below).
252:
253: $ Match end of line.
254:
255: * Matches zero or more repetitions of preceding character.
256:
257: . Matches any character except newline.
258:
259:
260:
261:
262: COHERENT Lexicon Page 4
263:
264:
265:
266:
267: ed Command ed
268:
269:
270:
271: [_c_h_a_r_s]
272: Matches any one of the enclosed chars. Ranges of letters or
273: digits may be indicated using `-'.
274:
275: [^_c_h_a_r_s]
276: Matches any character except one of the enclosed chars.
277: Ranges of letters or digits may be indicated using `-'.
278:
279: \_c Disregard special meaning of character c.
280:
281: \(_p_a_t_t_e_r_n\)
282: Delimit substring pattern for use with \_d, described below.
283:
284: The replacement part pattern2 of the substitute command may also
285: use the following:
286:
287: & Insert characters matched by pattern1.
288:
289: \_d Insert substring delimited by dth occurrence of delimiters
290: `\(' and `\)', where d is a digit.
291:
292: ***** Options *****
293:
294: The user may specify ed options on the command line, in the en-
295: vironment, or with the o command. The available options are as
296: follows:
297:
298: cc Print character counts on e, r, and w commands.
299:
300: mm Allow multiple commands per line.
301:
302: oo Print line counts instead of character counts on e, r, and w
303: commands.
304:
305: pp Prompt with an `*' for each command.
306:
307: ss Match lower-case letters in a pattern to both upper-case and
308: lower-case text characters.
309:
310: vv Print verbose versions of error messages.
311:
312: The c option is normally set, and all others are normally reset.
313: Options may be set on the command line with a leading `+' sign.
314: The `-' command line option resets the c option.
315:
316: Options may be set in the environment with an assignment, such as
317:
318:
319: export ED=+cv
320:
321:
322: Options may be set with the `+' prefix or reset with the `-'
323: prefix.
324:
325:
326:
327:
328: COHERENT Lexicon Page 5
329:
330:
331:
332:
333: ed Command ed
334:
335:
336:
337: ***** See Also *****
338:
339: commands, me, sed
340: _I_n_t_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n _t_o _e_d
341:
342: ***** Diagnostics *****
343:
344: ed usually prints only the diagnostic `?' on any error. When the
345: verbose option v is specified, the `?' is followed by a brief
346: description of the nature of the error.
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394: COHERENT Lexicon Page 6
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