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1.1 root 1: /*
2: * coh_intro.c
3: * 06/29/92 COHERENT 386
4: * 06/22/93 COHERENT 4.2
5: * Usage: coh_intro
6: * Uses routines in build0.c: cc -o coh_intro coh_intro.c build0.c
7: */
8:
9: #include <stdio.h>
10: #include "build0.h"
11:
12: #define VERSION "2.2"
13: #define DEFPAGER "exec more -d"
14:
15: /* External. */
16: extern char *getenv();
17:
18: /* Forward. */
19: int lcdir();
20: void mycls();
21: void tour();
22:
23: /* Global. */
24: char *pager;
25: int ttyflag;
26:
27: main(argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[];
28: {
29: if (argc > 1 && argv[1][0] == '-' && argv[1][1] == 'V')
30: fprintf(stderr, "%s: V%s\n", argv[0], VERSION);
31: ttyflag = isatty(fileno(stdout));
32: if ((pager = getenv("PAGER")) == NULL || *pager == '\0')
33: pager = DEFPAGER;
34: if (!ttyflag || yes_no("Would you like an introductory tour of COHERENT"))
35: tour();
36: exit(0);
37: }
38:
39: /*
40: * List the contents of a directory.
41: * Flush stdout in case output is redirected.
42: * If pflag is true (big directory), pipe output through PAGER.
43: */
44: int
45: lcdir(dir, msg, pflag) char *dir, *msg; int pflag;
46: {
47: mycls(1);
48: printf(msg);
49: fflush(stdout);
50: if (ttyflag && pflag)
51: sprintf(cmd, "lc %s | %s", dir, pager);
52: else
53: sprintf(cmd, "lc %s", dir);
54: return sys(cmd, S_IGNORE);
55: }
56:
57: /* Print newlines if stdout is redirected; otherwise, clear the screen. */
58: void
59: mycls(flag)
60: {
61: if (ttyflag)
62: cls(flag);
63: else
64: printf("\n\n");
65: }
66:
67: /* Take a walk on the Boardwalk... */
68: void
69: tour()
70: {
71: mycls(0);
72: /* Startup and shutdown. */
73: printf(
74: "When you boot your computer system (by turning on the power,\n"
75: "by hitting the reset switch, or by typing <Ctrl><Alt><Del>),\n"
76: "the bootstrap program by default runs the operating system on\n"
77: "the partition marked as active. To boot an operating system\n"
78: "system on a different partition, type a partition number (0 to 7)\n"
79: "when the boot tries to read the floppy disk.\n"
80: "\n"
81: "When you boot COHERENT, it starts up in single-user mode.\n"
82: "It automatically executes the commands in the file /etc/brc,\n"
83: "which typically check COHERENT filesystems for consistency\n"
84: "using /etc/fsck. If the filesystems check without errors,\n"
85: "the system goes into multi-user mode, automatically executing\n"
86: "the commands in the file /etc/rc. You can interrupt file system\n"
87: "checking by typing <Ctrl-C>.\n"
88: "\n"
89: "To shut down COHERENT from multi-user mode, log in as root and\n"
90: "execute /etc/shutdown to return the system to single-user mode.\n"
91: "Then type sync before rebooting or turning off the power.\n"
92: "Your COHERENT filesystems may be damaged if you reboot or\n"
93: "power down without following this procedure.\n"
94: "\n"
95: );
96:
97: /* Root. */
98: lcdir("/",
99: "Now we will take a quick tour of your COHERENT filesystem.\n"
100: "The root directory / contains:\n\n",
101: 0);
102: printf(
103: "\n"
104: "COHERENT executes file /.profile when the superuser root logs in.\n"
105: "File /coherent (linked to /autoboot) is the COHERENT system image.\n"
106: "Empty directories /f0 and /f1 are used for mounting diskettes.\n"
107: "Empty directory /mnt is used for mounting other devices.\n"
108: "The filesystem checking program /etc/fsck uses empty directory\n"
109: "/lost+found if it finds a problem with the root filesystem.\n"
110: "COHERENT uses directory /tmp for temporary files; it removes files\n"
111: "in /tmp automatically when the system goes multiuser (via /etc/rc).\n"
112: "\n"
113: );
114:
115: /* /bin. */
116: mycls(1);
117: printf(
118: "Directory /bin contains executable programs (commands).\n"
119: "Some of the most commonly used commands are:\n"
120: "\tbc\tinteractive calculator with arbitrary precision\n"
121: "\tcat\tconcatenate/print files\n"
122: "\tcc\tC compiler\n"
123: "\tcmp\tcompare files\n"
124: "\tcp\tcopy files\n"
125: "\tcpdir\tcopy directory hierarchy\n"
126: "\tdiff\tsummarize differences between files\n"
127: "\tdoscp\ttransfer files to or from MS-DOS\n"
128: "\tegrep\textended pattern search\n"
129: "\temacs\tMicroEMACS screen editor\n"
130: "\thelp\tprint concise command description\n"
131: "\tls\tlist directory contents\n"
132: "\tmail\tcomputer mail\n"
133: "\tmore\tview files one screenful at a time\n"
134: "\tps\tprint process status\n"
135: "\trm\tremove files\n"
136: "\trmdir\tremove directories\n"
137: "\tsort\tsort lines of text\n"
138: "\tvi\ta popular screen editor\n"
139: "\twc\tcount words, lines, characters in a file\n"
140: "The next screen lists all the commands in /bin.\n"
141: );
142: lcdir("/bin", "", 1);
143: putchar('\n');
144:
145: /* /conf. */
146: lcdir("/conf", "Directory /conf contains:\n\n", 0);
147: putchar('\n');
148:
149: /* /conf/kbd. */
150: lcdir ("/conf/kbd",
151: "Subdirectory /conf/kbd contains keyboard support:\n\n",
152: 0);
153: printf(
154: "\n"
155: "You can change the operation of various keys on your keyboard by changing\n"
156: "the appropriate file in /conf/kbd and running /etc/kbdinstall.\n"
157: );
158:
159: /* /dev. */
160: lcdir("/dev", "Directory /dev contains COHERENT devices:\n\n", 1);
161: putchar('\n');
162: mycls(1);
163: printf(
164: "Some important devices are:\n"
165: "\t/dev/at*\tCooked (block-by-block) hard disk partitions\n"
166: #if _I386
167: "\t/dev/color*\tVirtual console: color video devices\n"
168: #endif
169: "\t/dev/com*\tSerial port devices (COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4)\n"
170: "\t/dev/console\tConsole terminal\n"
171: "\t/dev/f*\t\tFloppy disk devices\n"
172: "\t/dev/lpt*\tParallel port devices (LPT1, LPT2 and LPT3)\n"
173: #if _I386
174: "\t/dev/mono*\tVirtual console: monochrome video devices\n"
175: #endif
176: "\t/dev/null\tBit bucket\n"
177: #if _I386
178: "\t/dev/pty*\tPseudo-terminal devices\n"
179: #endif
180: "\t/dev/rat*\tRaw (character-by-character) hard disk partitions\n"
181: "\t/dev/rf*\tRaw (character-by-character) floppy disk devices\n"
182: #if _I386
183: "\t/dev/rsd*\tRaw (character-by-character) SCSI devices\n"
184: "\t/dev/sd*\tCooked (block-by-block) SCSI devices\n"
185: #endif
186: "\t/dev/tty*\tTerminal devices\n"
187: "\n"
188: );
189: #if !_I386
190: /* /drv. */
191: lcdir("/drv", "Directory /drv contains loadable device drivers:\n\n", 0);
192: putchar('\n');
193: #endif
194: /* /etc. */
195: lcdir("/etc",
196: "Directory /etc contains files and programs used in system administration:\n\n",
197: 0);
198: putchar('\n');
199: mycls(1);
200: printf(
201: "Files of particular interest in /etc include:\n"
202: "\t/etc/brc\tExecuted when the system comes up single-user\n"
203: "\t/etc/domain\tDefines the electronic mail \"domain\"\n"
204: "\t/etc/group\tDefines user group membership information\n"
205: "\t/etc/passwd\tDefines user login information\n"
206: "\t/etc/profile\tExecuted for each shell\n"
207: "\t/etc/rc\t\tExecuted when the system comes up multi-user\n"
208: "\t/etc/ttys\tDefines status of terminals attached to system\n"
209: "\t/etc/ttytype\tDefines the types of terminals attached to system\n"
210: "\t/etc/uucpname\tDefines the system name for use with UUCP\n"
211: "\n"
212: );
213: /* /etc/default. */
214: lcdir("/etc/default",
215: "Directory /etc/default contains configuration files used by some commands:\n\n",
216: 0);
217: putchar('\n');
218: printf(
219: "Files of particular interest in /etc/default include:\n"
220: "\t/etc/default/async\tSpecifies serial port hardware configuration\n"
221: "\t/etc/default/msdos\tSpecifies defaults for the /bin/dos* commands\n"
222: "\n"
223: );
224:
225: /* /lib. */
226: lcdir("/lib",
227: "Directory /lib contains libraries and C compiler phases:\n\n",
228: 0);
229: putchar('\n');
230:
231: /* /usr. */
232: lcdir("/usr",
233: "Directory /usr contains a number of subdirectories:\n\n",
234: 0);
235: printf(
236: "\n"
237: "\t/usr/adm\tSystem administration files\n"
238: "\t/usr/bin\tAdditional COHERENT commands\n"
239: "\t/usr/dict\tDictionary for spell command\n"
240: "\t/usr/games\tGames\n"
241: "\t/usr/include\tHeader files\n"
242: "\t/usr/lib\tAdditional libraries\n"
243: "\t/usr/man\tCOHERENT online manual pages\n"
244: "\t/usr/msgs\tSystem-wide messages\n"
245: "\t/usr/pub\tPublic information\n"
246: "\t/usr/spool\tWork area for daemon processes\n"
247: "\t/usr/src\tSome sources and sample programs\n"
248: "\t/usr/tmp\tTemporary file directory\n"
249: "\n"
250: );
251:
252: /* Shells */
253: mycls(1);
254: printf(
255: "The COHERENT system includes the following shells (command interpreters):\n\n"
256: "\t/usr/bin/vsh\tThe COHERENT visual (full screen) shell\n"
257: "\t/usr/bin/ksh\tThe Korn shell\n"
258: "\t/bin/sh\t\tThe Bourne shell\n"
259: "\n"
260: );
261: /* File types. */
262: mycls(1);
263: printf(
264: "COHERENT filenames often contain an extension following '.' which\n"
265: "indicates the contents of the file. Some common extensions are:\n"
266: "\n"
267: "\t.a\tarchive (or library) in ar format\n"
268: "\t.b\tbc source\n"
269: "\t.c\tC source\n"
270: "\t.h\tC header\n"
271: "\t.i\tC intermediate file (cpp output)\n"
272: "\t.l\tlex source\n"
273: "\t.m\tmacro assembler source\n"
274: "\t.o\tobject file (unlinked)\n"
275: "\t.r\tnroff or troff input\n"
276: "\t.s\tassembler source\n"
277: "\t.tar\tarchive in tar format\n"
278: "\t.tar.Z\tcompressed tar-format archive, cf. tar, compress\n"
279: "\t.tmp\ttemporary file\n"
280: "\t.y\tyacc source\n"
281: "\t.Z\tcompressed file, cf. compress/uncompress\n"
282: "\n"
283: );
284:
285: /* Diskettes. */
286: mycls(1);
287: printf(
288: "Some commonly used diskette device names and formats are:\n\n"
289: "\tDevice name Sectors/track Heads Sectors Bytes Format\n"
290: "\t/dev/f9a0 9 2 720 360 KB 5.25\"\n"
291: "\t/dev/fqa0 9 2 1440 720 KB 3.5\"\n"
292: "\t/dev/fha0 15 2 2400 1.2 MB 5.25\"\n"
293: "\t/dev/fva0 18 2 2880 1.44 MB 3.5\"\n"
294: "\nDevice names ending in '0' and '1' indicate drives A: and B:.\n"
295: "In addition, wherever possible, common floppy device names are provided for\n"
296: "compatibility with other operating systems.\n"
297: "\n"
298: );
299: mycls(1);
300: printf(
301: "To use a floppy disk filesystem with COHERENT, you must:\n\n"
302: "\t(1) format and verify it with /etc/fdformat,\n"
303: "\t(2) build an empty filesystem on it with /etc/mkfs,\n"
304: "\t(3) mount it with /bin/mount or /etc/mount,\n"
305: "\t(4) copy files to or from it, e.g. with /bin/cp or /bin/cpdir,\n"
306: "and\t(5) unmount it with /bin/umount or /etc/umount.\n"
307: "\n"
308: "For example, to copy directory /dir to a 5.25\" high density diskette in A:\n\n"
309: "\t/etc/fdformat -av /dev/rfha0\n"
310: "\t/etc/mkfs /dev/fha0 2400\n"
311: "\t/etc/mount /dev/fha0 /f0\n"
312: "\tcpdir -vd /dir /f0/dir\n"
313: "\t/etc/umount /dev/fha0\n\n"
314: "/bin/mount and /bin/umount provide handy abbreviations for \"mount\" commands.\n"
315: "\n"
316: );
317:
318: /* Done. */
319: mycls(1);
320: printf(
321: "This concludes your brief introduction to COHERENT.\n"
322: "To see this introduction again, type \"/etc/coh_intro\".\n"
323: "To create a file with this information, type \"/etc/coh_intro >/tmp/tour\".\n"
324: "\n"
325: );
326: }
327:
328: /* end of coh_intro.c */
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