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Annotation of coherent/d/usr/bin/pax/pax.man, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: 
        !             2: 
        !             3: 
        !             4:      PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))                      CCCCOOOOHHHHEEEERRRREEEENNNNTTTT                       PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))
        !             5: 
        !             6: 
        !             7: 
        !             8:      NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
        !             9:           pax - portable archive exchange
        !            10: 
        !            11:      SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
        !            12:           ppppaaaaxxxx [----cccciiiimmmmooooppppuuuuvvvvyyyy] [----ffff _a_r_c_h_i_v_e] [----ssss _r_e_p_l_s_t_r] [----tttt _d_e_v_i_c_e]
        !            13:               [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n...]
        !            14: 
        !            15:           ppppaaaaxxxx ----rrrr [----cccciiiimmmmnnnnooooppppuuuuvvvvyyyy] [----ffff _a_r_c_h_i_v_e] [----ssss _r_e_p_l_s_t_r] [----tttt _d_e_v_i_c_e]
        !            16:                  [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n...]
        !            17: 
        !            18:           ppppaaaaxxxx ----wwww [----aaaaddddiiiimmmmuuuuvvvvyyyy] [----bbbb _b_l_o_c_k_i_n_g] [----ffff _a_r_c_h_i_v_e] [----ssss _r_e_p_l_s_t_r]
        !            19:                  [----tttt _d_e_v_i_c_e] [----xxxx _f_o_r_m_a_t] [_p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e...]
        !            20: 
        !            21:           ppppaaaaxxxx ----rrrrwwww [----iiiillllmmmmooooppppuuuuvvvvyyyy] [----ssss _r_e_p_l_s_t_r] [_p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e...] directory
        !            22: 
        !            23:      DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
        !            24:           _P_a_x reads and writes archive files which conform to the
        !            25:           AAAArrrrcccchhhhiiiivvvveeee////IIIInnnntttteeeerrrrcccchhhhaaaannnnggggeeee FFFFiiiilllleeee FFFFoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt specified in _I_E_E_E _S_t_d.
        !            26:           _1_0_0_3._1-_1_9_8_8.  _P_a_x can also read, but not write, a number of
        !            27:           other file formats in addition to those specified in the
        !            28:           AAAArrrrcccchhhhiiiivvvveeee////IIIInnnntttteeeerrrrcccchhhhaaaannnnggggeeee FFFFiiiilllleeee FFFFoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt description.  Support for
        !            29:           these traditional file formats, such as V7 _t_a_r and System V
        !            30:           binary _c_p_i_o format archives, is provided for backward
        !            31:           compatibility and to maximize portability.
        !            32: 
        !            33:           _P_a_x will also support traditional _c_p_i_o and System V _t_a_r
        !            34:           interfaces if invoked with the name "cpio" or "tar"
        !            35:           respectively.  See the _c_p_i_o(_1) or _t_a_r(_1) manual pages for
        !            36:           more details.
        !            37: 
        !            38:           Combinations of the ----rrrr and ----wwww command line arguments specify
        !            39:           whether _p_a_x will read, write or list the contents of the
        !            40:           specified archive, or move the specified files to another
        !            41:           directory.
        !            42: 
        !            43:           The command line arguments are:
        !            44: 
        !            45:           ----wwww   writes the files and directories specified by _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e
        !            46:                operands to the standard output together with the
        !            47:                pathname and status information prescribed by the
        !            48:                archive format used.  A directory _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e operand
        !            49:                refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories of
        !            50:                that directory.  If no _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e operands are given,
        !            51:                then the standard input is read to get a list of
        !            52:                pathnames to copy, one pathname per line.  In this
        !            53:                case, only those pathnames appearing on the standard
        !            54:                input are copied.
        !            55: 
        !            56:           ----rrrr   _P_a_x reads an archive file from the standard input.
        !            57:                Only files with names that match any of the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
        !            58:                operands are selected for extraction.  The selected
        !            59:                files are conditionally created and copied relative to
        !            60: 
        !            61: 
        !            62: 
        !            63:      Page 1                                         (printed 10/10/90)
        !            64: 
        !            65: 
        !            66: 
        !            67: 
        !            68: 
        !            69: 
        !            70:      PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))                      CCCCOOOOHHHHEEEERRRREEEENNNNTTTT                       PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))
        !            71: 
        !            72: 
        !            73: 
        !            74:                the current directory tree, subject to the options
        !            75:                described below.  By default, the owner and group of
        !            76:                selected files will be that of the invoking process,
        !            77:                and the permissions and modification times will be the
        !            78:                sames as those in the archive.
        !            79: 
        !            80:                The supported archive formats are automatically
        !            81:                detected on input.  The default output format is _u_s_t_a_r,
        !            82:                but may be overridden by the ----xxxx _f_o_r_m_a_t option described
        !            83:                below.
        !            84: 
        !            85:           ----rrrrwwww  _P_a_x reads the files and directories named in the
        !            86:                _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e operands and copies them to the destination
        !            87:                _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y.  A directory _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e operand refers to the
        !            88:                files and (recursively) subdirectories of that
        !            89:                directory.  If no _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e operands are given, the
        !            90:                standard input is read to get a list of pathnames to
        !            91:                copy, one pathname per line.  In this case, only those
        !            92:                pathnames appearing on the standard input are copied.
        !            93:                The directory named by the _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y operand must exist
        !            94:                and have the proper permissions before the copy can
        !            95:                occur.
        !            96: 
        !            97:           If neither the ----rrrr or ----wwww options are given, then _p_a_x will
        !            98:           list the contents of the specified archive.  In this mode,
        !            99:           _p_a_x lists normal files one per line, hard link pathnames as
        !           100: 
        !           101:                     _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e == _l_i_n_k_n_a_m_e
        !           102: 
        !           103:           and symbolic link pathnames (if supported by the
        !           104:           implementation) as
        !           105: 
        !           106:                     _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e -> _l_i_n_k_n_a_m_e
        !           107: 
        !           108:           where _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e is the name of the file being extracted, and
        !           109:           _l_i_n_k_n_a_m_e is the name of a file which appeared earlier in the
        !           110:           archive.
        !           111: 
        !           112:           If the ----vvvv option is specified, then _p_a_x list normal
        !           113:           pathnames in the same format used by the _l_s utility with the
        !           114:           ----llll option.  Hard links are shown as
        !           115: 
        !           116:                     <_l_s -_l _l_i_s_t_i_n_g> == _l_i_n_k_n_a_m_e
        !           117: 
        !           118:           and symbolic links (if supported) are shown as
        !           119: 
        !           120:                     <_l_s -_l _l_i_s_t_i_n_g> -> _l_i_n_k_n_a_m_e
        !           121: 
        !           122: 
        !           123:           _P_a_x is capable of reading and writing archives which span
        !           124:           multiple physical volumes.  Upon detecting an end of medium
        !           125:           on an archive which is not yet completed, _p_a_x will prompt
        !           126: 
        !           127: 
        !           128: 
        !           129:      Page 2                                         (printed 10/10/90)
        !           130: 
        !           131: 
        !           132: 
        !           133: 
        !           134: 
        !           135: 
        !           136:      PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))                      CCCCOOOOHHHHEEEERRRREEEENNNNTTTT                       PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))
        !           137: 
        !           138: 
        !           139: 
        !           140:           the user for the next volume of the archive and will allow
        !           141:           the user to specify the location of the next volume.
        !           142: 
        !           143:         OOOOppppttttiiiioooonnnnssss
        !           144:           The following options are available:
        !           145: 
        !           146:           ----aaaa        The files specified by _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e are appended to
        !           147:                     the specified archive.
        !           148: 
        !           149:           ----bbbb _b_l_o_c_k_i_n_g
        !           150:                     Block the output at _b_l_o_c_k_i_n_g bytes per write to
        !           151:                     the archive file.  A kkkk suffix multiplies _b_l_o_c_k_i_n_g
        !           152:                     by 1024, a bbbb suffix multiplies _b_l_o_c_k_i_n_g by 512 and
        !           153:                     a mmmm suffix multiplies _b_l_o_c_k_i_n_g by 1048576 (1
        !           154:                     megabyte).  For machines with 16-bit int's (VAXen,
        !           155:                     XENIX-286, etc.), the maximum buffer size is 32k-
        !           156:                     1.  If not specified, _b_l_o_c_k_i_n_g is automatically
        !           157:                     determined on input and is ignored for ----rrrrwwww....
        !           158: 
        !           159:           ----cccc        Complement the match sense of the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
        !           160:                     operands.
        !           161: 
        !           162:           ----dddd        Intermediate directories not explicitly listed in
        !           163:                     the archive are not created.  This option is
        !           164:                     ignored unless the ----rrrr option is specified.
        !           165: 
        !           166:           ----ffff _a_r_c_h_i_v_e
        !           167:                     The _a_r_c_h_i_v_e option specifies the pathname of the
        !           168:                     input or output archive, overriding the default of
        !           169:                     standard input for ----rrrr or standard output for ----wwww.
        !           170: 
        !           171:           ----iiii        Interactively rename files.  Substitutions
        !           172:                     specified by ----ssss options (described below) are
        !           173:                     performed before requesting the new file name from
        !           174:                     the user.  A file is skipped if an empty line is
        !           175:                     entered and _p_a_x exits with an exit status of 0 if
        !           176:                     EEEEOOOOFFFF is encountered.
        !           177: 
        !           178:           ----llll        Files are linked rather than copied when possible.
        !           179: 
        !           180:           ----mmmm        File modification times are not retained.
        !           181: 
        !           182:           ----nnnn        When ----rrrr is specified, but ----wwww is not, the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
        !           183:                     arguments are treated as ordinary file names.
        !           184:                     Only the first occurrence of each of these files
        !           185:                     in the input archive is read.  The ppppaaaaxxxx utility
        !           186:                     exits with a zero exit status after all files in
        !           187:                     the list have been read.  If one or more files in
        !           188:                     the list is not found, ppppaaaaxxxx writes a diagnostic to
        !           189:                     standard error for each of the files and exits
        !           190:                     with a non-zero exit status.  the file names are
        !           191:                     compared before any of the ----iiii, ----ssss, or ----yyyy options
        !           192: 
        !           193: 
        !           194: 
        !           195:      Page 3                                         (printed 10/10/90)
        !           196: 
        !           197: 
        !           198: 
        !           199: 
        !           200: 
        !           201: 
        !           202:      PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))                      CCCCOOOOHHHHEEEERRRREEEENNNNTTTT                       PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))
        !           203: 
        !           204: 
        !           205: 
        !           206:                     are applied.
        !           207: 
        !           208:           ----oooo        Restore file ownership as specified in the
        !           209:                     archive.  The invoking process must have
        !           210:                     appropriate privileges to accomplish this.
        !           211: 
        !           212:           ----pppp        Preserve the access time of the input files after
        !           213:                     they have been copied.
        !           214: 
        !           215:           ----ssss _r_e_p_l_s_t_r
        !           216:                     File names are modified according to the
        !           217:                     substitution expression using the syntax of _e_d(_1)
        !           218:                     as shown:
        !           219: 
        !           220:                               -s /_o_l_d/_n_e_w/[[[[gp]]]]
        !           221: 
        !           222:                     Any non null character may be used as a delimiter
        !           223:                     (a / is used here as an example).  Multiple ----ssss
        !           224:                     expressions may be specified; the expressions are
        !           225:                     applied in the order specified terminating with
        !           226:                     the first successful substitution.  The optional
        !           227:                     trailing pppp causes successful mappings to be listed
        !           228:                     on standard error.  The optional trailing gggg causes
        !           229:                     the _o_l_d expression to be replaced each time it
        !           230:                     occurs in the source string.  Files that
        !           231:                     substitute to an empty string are ignored both on
        !           232:                     input and output.
        !           233: 
        !           234:           ----tttt _d_e_v_i_c_e The _d_e_v_i_c_e option argument is an implementation-
        !           235:                     defined identifier that names the input or output
        !           236:                     archive device, overriding the default of standard
        !           237:                     input for ----rrrr and standard output for ----wwww.
        !           238: 
        !           239:           ----uuuu        Copy each file only if it is newer than a pre-
        !           240:                     existing file with the same name.  This implies
        !           241:                     ----aaaa.
        !           242: 
        !           243:           ----vvvv        List file names as they are encountered.  Produces
        !           244:                     a verbose table of contents listing on the
        !           245:                     standard output when both ----rrrr and ----wwww are omitted,
        !           246:                     otherwise the file names are printed to standard
        !           247:                     error as they are encountered in the archive.
        !           248: 
        !           249:           ----xxxx _f_o_r_m_a_t Specifies the output archive _f_o_r_m_a_t.  The input
        !           250:                     format, which must be one of the following, is
        !           251:                     automatically determined when the ----rrrr option is
        !           252:                     used.  The supported formats are:
        !           253: 
        !           254:                     _c_p_i_o   The extended _C_P_I_O interchange format
        !           255:                            specified in EEEExxxxtttteeeennnnddddeeeedddd CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO FFFFoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt iiiinnnn _I_E_E_E
        !           256:                            _S_t_d. _1_0_0_3._1-_1_9_8_8.
        !           257: 
        !           258: 
        !           259: 
        !           260: 
        !           261:      Page 4                                         (printed 10/10/90)
        !           262: 
        !           263: 
        !           264: 
        !           265: 
        !           266: 
        !           267: 
        !           268:      PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))                      CCCCOOOOHHHHEEEERRRREEEENNNNTTTT                       PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))
        !           269: 
        !           270: 
        !           271: 
        !           272:                     _u_s_t_a_r  The extended _T_A_R interchange format
        !           273:                            specified in EEEExxxxtttteeeennnnddddeeeedddd TTTTAAAARRRR FFFFoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt iiiinnnn _I_E_E_E
        !           274:                            _S_t_d. _1_0_0_3._1-_1_9_8_8. This is the default
        !           275:                            archive format.
        !           276: 
        !           277:           ----yyyy        Interactively prompt for the disposition of each
        !           278:                     file.  Substitutions specified by ----ssss options
        !           279:                     (described above) are performed before prompting
        !           280:                     the user for disposition.  EEEEOOOOFFFF or an input line
        !           281:                     starting with the character qqqq caused _p_a_x to exit.
        !           282:                     Otherwise, an input line starting with anything
        !           283:                     other than yyyy causes the file to be ignored.  This
        !           284:                     option cannot be used in conjunction with the ----iiii
        !           285:                     option.
        !           286: 
        !           287:           Only the last of multiple ----ffff or ----tttt options take effect.
        !           288: 
        !           289:           When writing to an archive, the standard input is used as a
        !           290:           list of pathnames if no _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e operands are specified.
        !           291:           The format is one pathname per line.  Otherwise, the
        !           292:           standard input is the archive file, which is formatted
        !           293:           according to one of the specifications in
        !           294:           AAAArrrrcccchhhhiiiivvvveeee////IIIInnnntttteeeerrrrcccchhhhaaaannnnggggeeee FFFFiiiilllleeee ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt in _I_E_E_E _S_t_d. _1_0_0_3._1-_1_9_8_8, or
        !           295:           some other implementation-defined format.
        !           296: 
        !           297:           The user ID and group ID of the process, together with the
        !           298:           appropriate privileges, affect the ability of _p_a_x to restore
        !           299:           ownership and permissions attributes of the archived files.
        !           300:           (See _f_o_r_m_a_t-_r_e_a_d_i_n_g _u_t_i_l_i_t_y in AAAArrrrcccchhhhiiiivvvveeee////IIIInnnntttteeeerrrrcccchhhhaaaannnnggggeeee FFFFiiiilllleeee
        !           301:           FFFFoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt in _I_E_E_E _S_t_d. _1_0_0_3._1-_1_9_8_8.)
        !           302: 
        !           303:           The options ----aaaa, ----cccc, ----dddd, ----iiii, ----llll, ----pppp, ----tttt, ----uuuu, and ----yyyy are
        !           304:           provided for functional compatibility with the historical
        !           305:           _c_p_i_o and _t_a_r utilities.  The option defaults were chosen
        !           306:           based on the most common usage of these options, therefore,
        !           307:           some of the options have meanings different than those of
        !           308:           the historical commands.
        !           309: 
        !           310:         OOOOppppeeeerrrraaaannnnddddssss
        !           311:           The following operands are available:
        !           312: 
        !           313:           _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y The destination directory pathname for copies when
        !           314:                     both the ----rrrr and ----wwww options are specified.  The
        !           315:                     directory must exist and be writable before the
        !           316:                     copy or and error results.
        !           317: 
        !           318:           _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e  A file whose contents are used instead of the
        !           319:                     files named on the standard input.  When a
        !           320:                     directory is named, all of its files and
        !           321:                     (recursively) subdirectories are copied as well.
        !           322: 
        !           323:           _p_a_t_t_e_r_n   A _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is given in the standard shell pattern
        !           324: 
        !           325: 
        !           326: 
        !           327:      Page 5                                         (printed 10/10/90)
        !           328: 
        !           329: 
        !           330: 
        !           331: 
        !           332: 
        !           333: 
        !           334:      PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))                      CCCCOOOOHHHHEEEERRRREEEENNNNTTTT                       PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))
        !           335: 
        !           336: 
        !           337: 
        !           338:                     matching notation.  The default if no _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is
        !           339:                     specified is ****, which selects all files.
        !           340: 
        !           341:      EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS
        !           342:           The following command
        !           343: 
        !           344:                     pax -w -f /dev/rmt0 .
        !           345: 
        !           346:           copies the contents of the current directory to tape drive
        !           347:           0.
        !           348: 
        !           349:           The commands
        !           350: 
        !           351:                     mkdir _n_e_w_d_i_r
        !           352:                     cd _o_l_d_d_i_r
        !           353:                     pax -rw . _n_e_w_d_i_r
        !           354: 
        !           355:           copies the contents of _o_l_d_d_i_r to _n_e_w_d_i_r .
        !           356: 
        !           357:           The command
        !           358: 
        !           359:                     pax -r -s ',//*usr//*,,' -f pax.out
        !           360: 
        !           361:           reads the archive ppppaaaaxxxx....oooouuuutttt with all files rooted in "/usr" in
        !           362:           the archive extracted relative to the current directory.
        !           363: 
        !           364:      FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
        !           365:           /dev/tty  used to prompt the user for information when the
        !           366:                     ----iiii or ----yyyy options are specified.
        !           367: 
        !           368:      SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
        !           369:           cpio(1), find(1), tar(1), cpio(5), tar(5)
        !           370: 
        !           371:      DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS
        !           372:           _P_a_x will terminate immediately, without processing any
        !           373:           additional files on the command line or in the archive.
        !           374: 
        !           375:      EEEEXXXXIIIITTTT CCCCOOOODDDDEEEESSSS
        !           376:           _P_a_x will exit with one of the following values:
        !           377: 
        !           378:           0    All files in the archive were processed successfully.
        !           379: 
        !           380:           >0   _P_a_x aborted due to errors encountered during operation.
        !           381: 
        !           382:      BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
        !           383:           Special permissions may be required to copy or extract
        !           384:           special files.
        !           385: 
        !           386:           Device, user ID, and group ID numbers larger than 65535
        !           387:           cause additional header records to be output.  These records
        !           388:           are ignored by some historical version of _c_p_i_o(_1) and
        !           389:           _t_a_r(_1).
        !           390: 
        !           391: 
        !           392: 
        !           393:      Page 6                                         (printed 10/10/90)
        !           394: 
        !           395: 
        !           396: 
        !           397: 
        !           398: 
        !           399: 
        !           400:      PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))                      CCCCOOOOHHHHEEEERRRREEEENNNNTTTT                       PPPPAAAAXXXX((((1111))))
        !           401: 
        !           402: 
        !           403: 
        !           404:           The archive formats described in AAAArrrrcccchhhhiiiivvvveeee////IIIInnnntttteeeerrrrcccchhhhaaaannnnggggeeee FFFFiiiilllleeee
        !           405:           FFFFoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt have certain restrictions that have been carried over
        !           406:           from historical usage.  For example, there are restrictions
        !           407:           on the length of pathnames stored in the archive.
        !           408: 
        !           409:           When getting an "ls -l" style listing on _t_a_r format
        !           410:           archives, link counts are listed as zero since the _u_s_t_a_r
        !           411:           archive format does not keep link count information.
        !           412: 
        !           413:           On 16 bit architectures, the largest buffer size is 32k-1.
        !           414:           This is due, in part, to using integers in the buffer
        !           415:           allocation schemes, however, on many of these machines, it
        !           416:           is not possible to allocate blocks of memory larger than
        !           417:           32k.
        !           418: 
        !           419:      CCCCOOOOPPPPYYYYRRRRIIIIGGGGHHHHTTTT
        !           420:           Copyright (c) 1989 Mark H. Colburn.
        !           421:           All rights reserved.
        !           422: 
        !           423:           Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are
        !           424:           permitted provided that the above copyright notice is
        !           425:           duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,
        !           426:           advertising materials, and other materials related to such
        !           427:           distribution and use acknowledge that the software was
        !           428:           developed by Mark H. Colburn and sponsored by The USENIX
        !           429:           Association.
        !           430: 
        !           431:           THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS
        !           432:           OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE
        !           433:           IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
        !           434:           PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
        !           435: 
        !           436:      AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRR
        !           437:           Mark H. Colburn
        !           438:           Minnetech Consulting, Inc.
        !           439:           117 Mackubin Street, Suite 1
        !           440:           St. Paul, MN 55102
        !           441:           [email protected]
        !           442: 
        !           443: 
        !           444:           Sponsored by TTTThhhheeee UUUUSSSSEEEENNNNIIIIXXXX AAAAssssssssoooocccciiiiaaaattttiiiioooonnnn for public distribution.
        !           445: 
        !           446: 
        !           447: 
        !           448: 
        !           449: 
        !           450: 
        !           451: 
        !           452: 
        !           453: 
        !           454: 
        !           455: 
        !           456: 
        !           457: 
        !           458: 
        !           459:      Page 7                                         (printed 10/10/90)
        !           460: 
        !           461: 
        !           462: 

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