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1.1 ! root 1: Info file gzip.info, produced by Makeinfo, -*- Text -*- from input ! 2: file gzip.texi. ! 3: ! 4: This file documents the the GNU `gzip' command for compressing ! 5: files. ! 6: ! 7: Copyright (C) 1992-1993 Jean-loup Gailly ! 8: ! 9: Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of ! 10: this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice ! 11: are preserved on all copies. ! 12: ! 13: Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of ! 14: this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that ! 15: the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a ! 16: permission notice identical to this one. ! 17: ! 18: Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this ! 19: manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified ! 20: versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a ! 21: translation approved by the Foundation. ! 22: ! 23: ! 24: File: gzip.info, Node: Top, Up: (dir) ! 25: ! 26: This file documents the `gzip' command to compress files. ! 27: ! 28: * Menu: ! 29: ! 30: * Copying:: How you can copy and share `gzip'. ! 31: * Overview:: Preliminary information. ! 32: * Sample:: Sample output from `gzip'. ! 33: * Invoking gzip:: How to run `gzip'. ! 34: * Advanced usage:: Concatenated files. ! 35: * Environment:: The `GZIP' environment variable ! 36: * Problems:: Reporting bugs. ! 37: * Concept Index:: Index of concepts. ! 38: ! 39: ! 40: File: gzip.info, Node: Copying, Next: Overview, Up: Top ! 41: ! 42: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ! 43: ************************** ! 44: ! 45: Version 2, June 1991 ! 46: ! 47: Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ! 48: 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ! 49: ! 50: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies ! 51: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. ! 52: ! 53: Preamble ! 54: ======== ! 55: ! 56: The licenses for most software are designed to take away your ! 57: freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public ! 58: License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free ! 59: software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This ! 60: General Public License applies to most of the Free Software ! 61: Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to ! 62: using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by ! 63: the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to ! 64: your programs, too. ! 65: ! 66: When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not ! 67: price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you ! 68: have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for ! 69: this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it ! 70: if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it ! 71: in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. ! 72: ! 73: To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid ! 74: anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. ! 75: These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you ! 76: distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. ! 77: ! 78: For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether ! 79: gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that ! 80: you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the ! 81: source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their ! 82: rights. ! 83: ! 84: We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, ! 85: and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to ! 86: copy, distribute and/or modify the software. ! 87: ! 88: Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain ! 89: that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free ! 90: software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, ! 91: we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the ! 92: original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect ! 93: on the original authors' reputations. ! 94: ! 95: Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software ! 96: patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free ! 97: program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the ! 98: program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any ! 99: patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. ! 100: ! 101: The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and ! 102: modification follow. ! 103: ! 104: TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION ! 105: ! 106: 1. This License applies to any program or other work which contains ! 107: a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be ! 108: distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The ! 109: "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work ! 110: based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative ! 111: work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the ! 112: Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications ! 113: and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, ! 114: translation is included without limitation in the term ! 115: "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". ! 116: ! 117: Activities other than copying, distribution and modification ! 118: are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The ! 119: act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from ! 120: the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work ! 121: based on the Program (independent of having been made by running ! 122: the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program ! 123: does. ! 124: ! 125: 2. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's ! 126: source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you ! 127: conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an ! 128: appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep ! 129: intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the ! 130: absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the ! 131: Program a copy of this License along with the Program. ! 132: ! 133: You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a ! 134: copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in ! 135: exchange for a fee. ! 136: ! 137: 3. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion ! 138: of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and ! 139: distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 ! 140: above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: ! 141: ! 142: 1. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices ! 143: stating that you changed the files and the date of any ! 144: change. ! 145: ! 146: 2. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that ! 147: in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program ! 148: or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge ! 149: to all third parties under the terms of this License. ! 150: ! 151: 3. If the modified program normally reads commands interactively ! 152: when run, you must cause it, when started running for such ! 153: interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or ! 154: display an announcement including an appropriate copyright ! 155: notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, ! 156: saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may ! 157: redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling ! 158: the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if ! 159: the Program itself is interactive but does not normally ! 160: print such an announcement, your work based on the Program ! 161: is not required to print an announcement.) ! 162: ! 163: These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If ! 164: identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the ! 165: Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and ! 166: separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, ! 167: do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as ! 168: separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as ! 169: part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the ! 170: distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, ! 171: whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, ! 172: and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. ! 173: ! 174: Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or ! 175: contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the ! 176: intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of ! 177: derivative or collective works based on the Program. ! 178: ! 179: In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the ! 180: Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on ! 181: a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the ! 182: other work under the scope of this License. ! 183: ! 184: 4. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, ! 185: under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the ! 186: terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of ! 187: the following: ! 188: ! 189: 1. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable ! 190: source code, which must be distributed under the terms of ! 191: Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for ! 192: software interchange; or, ! 193: ! 194: 2. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three ! 195: years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than ! 196: your cost of physically performing source distribution, a ! 197: complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source ! 198: code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 ! 199: above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; ! 200: or, ! 201: ! 202: 3. Accompany it with the information you received as to the ! 203: offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This ! 204: alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution ! 205: and only if you received the program in object code or ! 206: executable form with such an offer, in accord with ! 207: Subsection b above.) ! 208: ! 209: The source code for a work means the preferred form of the ! 210: work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, ! 211: complete source code means all the source code for all modules it ! 212: contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus ! 213: the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the ! 214: executable. However, as a special exception, the source code ! 215: distributed need not include anything that is normally ! 216: distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major ! 217: components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system ! 218: on which the executable runs, unless that component itself ! 219: accompanies the executable. ! 220: ! 221: If distribution of executable or object code is made by ! 222: offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering ! 223: equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place ! 224: counts as distribution of the source code, even though third ! 225: parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the ! 226: object code. ! 227: ! 228: 5. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program ! 229: except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt ! 230: otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is ! 231: void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this ! 232: License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, ! 233: from you under this License will not have their licenses ! 234: terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. ! 235: ! 236: 6. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not ! 237: signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify ! 238: or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions ! 239: are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. ! 240: Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work ! 241: based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this ! 242: License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, ! 243: distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. ! 244: ! 245: 7. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the ! 246: Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the ! 247: original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program ! 248: subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any ! 249: further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights ! 250: granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance ! 251: by third parties to this License. ! 252: ! 253: 8. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent ! 254: infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent ! 255: issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, ! 256: agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this ! 257: License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this ! 258: License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy ! 259: simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other ! 260: pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not ! 261: distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license ! 262: would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by ! 263: all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, ! 264: then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License ! 265: would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. ! 266: ! 267: If any portion of this section is held invalid or ! 268: unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of ! 269: the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is ! 270: intended to apply in other circumstances. ! 271: ! 272: It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to ! 273: infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest ! 274: validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of ! 275: protecting the integrity of the free software distribution ! 276: system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many ! 277: people have made generous contributions to the wide range of ! 278: software distributed through that system in reliance on ! 279: consistent application of that system; it is up to the ! 280: author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute ! 281: software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose ! 282: that choice. ! 283: ! 284: This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is ! 285: believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. ! 286: ! 287: 9. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in ! 288: certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, ! 289: the original copyright holder who places the Program under this ! 290: License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation ! 291: excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only ! 292: in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this ! 293: License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of ! 294: this License. ! 295: ! 296: 10. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new ! 297: versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such ! 298: new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, ! 299: but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. ! 300: ! 301: Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the ! 302: Program specifies a version number of this License which applies ! 303: to it and "any later version", you have the option of following ! 304: the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later ! 305: version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the ! 306: Program does not specify a version number of this License, you ! 307: may choose any version ever published by the Free Software ! 308: Foundation. ! 309: ! 310: 11. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free ! 311: programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to ! 312: the author to ask for permission. For software which is ! 313: copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free ! 314: Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our ! 315: decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free ! 316: status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting ! 317: the sharing and reuse of software generally. ! 318: ! 319: NO WARRANTY ! 320: ! 321: 12. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO ! 322: WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE ! 323: LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT ! 324: HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT ! 325: WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT ! 326: NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND ! 327: FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE ! 328: QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE ! 329: PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY ! 330: SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. ! 331: ! 332: 13. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN ! 333: WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY ! 334: MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE ! 335: LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, ! 336: INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR ! 337: INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS ! 338: OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY ! 339: YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ! 340: ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ! 341: ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ! 342: ! 343: END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS ! 344: ! 345: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs ! 346: ============================================= ! 347: ! 348: If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest ! 349: possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it ! 350: free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these ! 351: terms. ! 352: ! 353: To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest ! 354: to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively ! 355: convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least ! 356: the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. ! 357: ! 358: ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND AN IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES. ! 359: Copyright (C) 19YY NAME OF AUTHOR ! 360: ! 361: This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or ! 362: modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License ! 363: as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 ! 364: of the License, or (at your option) any later version. ! 365: ! 366: This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ! 367: but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ! 368: MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ! 369: GNU General Public License for more details. ! 370: ! 371: You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ! 372: along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software ! 373: Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ! 374: ! 375: Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper ! 376: mail. ! 377: ! 378: If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like ! 379: this when it starts in an interactive mode: ! 380: ! 381: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19YY NAME OF AUTHOR ! 382: Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details ! 383: type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome ! 384: to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' ! 385: for details. ! 386: ! 387: The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the ! 388: appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the ! 389: commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show ! 390: c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your ! 391: program. ! 392: ! 393: You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or ! 394: your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, ! 395: if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: ! 396: ! 397: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright ! 398: interest in the program `Gnomovision' ! 399: (which makes passes at compilers) written ! 400: by James Hacker. ! 401: ! 402: SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989 ! 403: Ty Coon, President of Vice ! 404: ! 405: This General Public License does not permit incorporating your ! 406: program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine ! 407: library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary ! 408: applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use ! 409: the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License. ! 410: ! 411: ! 412: File: gzip.info, Node: Overview, Next: Sample, Prev: Copying, Up: Top ! 413: ! 414: Overview ! 415: ******** ! 416: ! 417: `Gzip' reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding ! 418: (LZ77). Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with the ! 419: extension ".z", while keeping the same ownership modes, access and ! 420: modification times. (The extension is "-z" for VMS, "z" for MSDOS, ! 421: OS/2 and Atari.) If no files are specified, the standard input is ! 422: compressed to the standard output. If the new file name is too long, ! 423: `gzip' truncates it and keeps the original file name in the compressed ! 424: file. `gzip' will only attempt to compress regular files. In ! 425: particular, it will ignore symbolic links. ! 426: ! 427: Compressed files can be restored to their original form using ! 428: "`gzip' -d" or `gunzip' or `zcat'. ! 429: ! 430: `gunzip' takes a list of files on its command line and replaces ! 431: each file whose name ends with ".z" or ".Z" and which begins with the ! 432: correct magic number with an uncompressed file without the original ! 433: extension. `gunzip' also recognizes the special extensions ".tgz" and ! 434: ".taz" as shorthands for ".tar.z" or ".tar.Z". ! 435: ! 436: `gunzip' can currently decompress files created by `gzip', `zip', ! 437: `compress' or `pack'. The detection of the input format is automatic. ! 438: When using the first two formats, `gunzip' checks a 32 bit CRC (cyclic ! 439: redundancy check). For `pack', `gunzip' checks the uncompressed ! 440: length. The `compress' format was not designed to allow consistency ! 441: checks. However `gunzip' is sometimes able to detect a bad .Z file. If ! 442: you get an error when uncompressing a .Z file, do not assume that the ! 443: .Z file is correct simply because the standard `uncompress' does not ! 444: complain. This generally means that the standard `uncompress' does ! 445: not check its input, and happily generates garbage output. ! 446: ! 447: Files created by `zip' can be uncompressed by `gzip' only if they ! 448: have a single member compressed with the 'deflation' method. This ! 449: feature is only intended to help conversion of `tar.zip' files to the ! 450: `tar.z' format. To extract `zip' files with several members, use ! 451: `unzip' instead of `gunzip'. ! 452: ! 453: `zcat' is identical to "`gunzip' -c". `zcat' uncompresses either a ! 454: list of files on the command line or its standard input and writes the ! 455: uncompressed data on standard output. `zcat' will uncompress files ! 456: that have the correct magic number whether they have a ".z" suffix or ! 457: not. ! 458: ! 459: `gzip' uses the Lempel-Ziv algorithm used in `zip' and PKZIP. The ! 460: amount of compression obtained depends on the size of the input and ! 461: the distribution of common substrings. Typically, text such as source ! 462: code or English is reduced by 60-70%. Compression is generally much ! 463: better than that achieved by LZW (as used in `compress'), Huffman ! 464: coding (as used in `pack'), or adaptive Huffman coding (`compact'). ! 465: ! 466: Compression is always performed, even if the compressed file is ! 467: slightly larger than the original. The worst case expansion is a few ! 468: bytes for the gzip file header, plus 5 bytes every 32K block, or an ! 469: expansion ratio of 0.015% for large files. `gzip' preserves the mode, ! 470: ownership and timestamps of files when compressing or decompressing. ! 471: ! 472: ! 473: File: gzip.info, Node: Sample, Next: Invoking gzip, Prev: Overview, Up: Top ! 474: ! 475: Sample Output ! 476: ************* ! 477: ! 478: Here are some realistic examples of running `gzip'. ! 479: ! 480: This is the output of the command `gzip': ! 481: ! 482: usage: gzip [-cdfhLrv19] [file ...] ! 483: For more help, type: gzip -h ! 484: ! 485: This is the output of the command `gzip -h': ! 486: ! 487: gzip 1.0.5 (4 Mar 93) ! 488: usage: gzip [-cdfhLrtvV19] [file ...] ! 489: -c --stdout write on standard output, keep original files unchanged ! 490: -d --decompress decompress ! 491: -f --force force overwrite of output file and compress links ! 492: -h --help give this help ! 493: -L --license display software license ! 494: -q --quiet suppress all warnings ! 495: -r --recurse recurse through directories ! 496: -t --test test compressed file integrity (implies -d) ! 497: -v --verbose verbose mode ! 498: -V --version display version number ! 499: -1 --fast compress faster ! 500: -9 --best compress better ! 501: file... files to (de)compress. If none given, use standard input ! 502: ! 503: This is the output of the command `gzip -v gzip.c': ! 504: ! 505: gzip.c: 69.8% -- replaced with gzip.c.z ! 506: ! 507: ! 508: File: gzip.info, Node: Invoking gzip, Next: Advanced usage, Prev: Sample, Up: Top ! 509: ! 510: Invoking `gzip' ! 511: *************** ! 512: ! 513: The format for running the `gzip' program is: ! 514: ! 515: gzip OPTION ... ! 516: ! 517: `gzip' supports the following options: ! 518: ! 519: `--help' ! 520: `-h' ! 521: Print an informative help message describing the options. ! 522: ! 523: `--stdout' ! 524: `-c' ! 525: Write output on standard output; keep original files unchanged. ! 526: If there are several input files, the output consists of a ! 527: sequence of independently compressed members. To obtain better ! 528: compression, concatenate all input files before compressing them. ! 529: ! 530: `--decompress' ! 531: `-d' ! 532: Decompress. ! 533: ! 534: `--force' ! 535: `-f' ! 536: Force compression or decompression even if the file has multiple ! 537: links or the corresponding file already exists. If -f is not ! 538: given, and when not running in the background, `gzip' prompts to ! 539: verify whether an existing file should be overwritten. ! 540: ! 541: `--help' ! 542: `-h' ! 543: Display a help screen. ! 544: ! 545: `--license' ! 546: `-L' ! 547: Display the `gzip' license. ! 548: ! 549: `--recurse' ! 550: `-r' ! 551: Travel the directory structure recursively. If any of the file ! 552: names specified on the command line are directories, `gzip' will ! 553: descend into the directory and compress all the files it finds ! 554: there (or decompress them in the case of `gunzip'). ! 555: ! 556: `--test' ! 557: `-t' ! 558: Test. Check the compressed file integrity. ! 559: ! 560: `--verbose' ! 561: `-v' ! 562: Verbose. Display the name and percentage reduction for each file ! 563: compressed. ! 564: ! 565: `--version' ! 566: `-V' ! 567: Version. Display the version number and compilation options. ! 568: ! 569: `--fast' ! 570: `--best' ! 571: `-#' ! 572: Regulate the speed of compression using the specified digit #, ! 573: where -1 or --fast indicates the fastest compression method (less ! 574: compression) and --best or -9 indicates the slowest compression ! 575: method (optimal compression). The default compression level is ! 576: -5. ! 577: ! 578: ! 579: File: gzip.info, Node: Advanced usage, Next: Environment, Prev: Invoking gzip, Up: Top ! 580: ! 581: Advanced usage ! 582: ************** ! 583: ! 584: Multiple compressed files can be concatenated. In this case, ! 585: `gunzip' will extract all members at once. If one member is damaged, ! 586: other members might still be recovered after removal of the damaged ! 587: member. Better compression can be usually obtained if all members are ! 588: decompressed then recompressed in a single step. ! 589: ! 590: This is an example of concatenating gzip files: ! 591: ! 592: gzip -c file1 > foo.z ! 593: gzip -c file2 >> foo.z ! 594: ! 595: Then ! 596: ! 597: gunzip -c foo ! 598: ! 599: is equivalent to ! 600: ! 601: cat file1 file2 ! 602: ! 603: In case of damage to one member of a .z file, other members can ! 604: still be recovered (if the damaged member is removed). However, you ! 605: can get better compression by compressing all members at once: ! 606: ! 607: cat file1 file2 | gzip > foo.z ! 608: ! 609: compresses better than ! 610: ! 611: gzip -c file1 file2 > foo.z ! 612: ! 613: If you want to recompress concatenated files to get better ! 614: compression, do: ! 615: ! 616: zcat old.z | gzip > new.z ! 617: ! 618: ! 619: File: gzip.info, Node: Environment, Next: Problems, Prev: Advanced usage, Up: Top ! 620: ! 621: Environment ! 622: *********** ! 623: ! 624: The environment variable `GZIP' can hold a set of default options ! 625: for gzip. These options are interpreted first and can be ovewritten by ! 626: explicit command line parameters. For example: ! 627: ! 628: for sh: GZIP="-8 -v"; export GZIP ! 629: for csh: setenv GZIP "-8 -v" ! 630: for MSDOS: set GZIP=-8 -v ! 631: ! 632: On Vax/VMS, the name of the environment variable is `GZIP_OPT', to ! 633: avoid a conflict with the symbol set for invocation of the program. ! 634: ! 635: ! 636: File: gzip.info, Node: Problems, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Environment, Up: Top ! 637: ! 638: Reporting Bugs ! 639: ************** ! 640: ! 641: If you find a bug in `gzip', please send electronic mail to ! 642: `[email protected]' or, if this fails, to ! 643: `[email protected]'. Include the version number, which ! 644: you can find by running `gzip -V'. Also include in your message the ! 645: hardware and operating system, the compiler used to compile, a ! 646: description of the bug behavior, and the input to gzip that triggered ! 647: the bug. ! 648: ! 649: ! 650: File: gzip.info, Node: Concept Index, Prev: Problems, Up: Top ! 651: ! 652: Concept Index ! 653: ************* ! 654: ! 655: * Menu: ! 656: ! 657: * Environment: Environment. ! 658: * bugs: Problems. ! 659: * concatenated files: Advanced usage. ! 660: * invoking: Invoking gzip. ! 661: * options: Invoking gzip. ! 662: * overview: Overview. ! 663: * sample: Sample. ! 664: ! 665: ! 666: ! 667: Tag Table: ! 668: Node: Top864 ! 669: Node: Copying1297 ! 670: Node: Overview20555 ! 671: Node: Sample23686 ! 672: Node: Invoking gzip24889 ! 673: Node: Advanced usage26751 ! 674: Node: Environment27787 ! 675: Node: Problems28340 ! 676: Node: Concept Index28842 ! 677: ! 678: End Tag Table
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