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vvsshh -- Command (last revised: FFeebbrruuaarryy 2233, 11999933)
vvsshh
vvsshh is the COHERENT system's visual shell. With it, users can use arrow
keys or simple keystrokes to perform tasks under the COHERENT, such as
change directories, edit files, and execute programs. Each user can
program a bank of up to nine function keys to perform complex tasks with a
single keystroke. With vvsshh, a naive user can access much of the power of
the COHERENT system without having to learn the details of sshh or kksshh.
Unlike X or other windowing systems, vvsshh works on a character-based
terminal and requires only a modest amount of memory. It does not require
a mouse.
_G_r_a_p_h_i_c_s _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e
vvsshh uses the ccuurrsseess library and tteerrmmiinnffoo descriptions. To use vvsshh, you
must have a tteerrmmiinnffoo description installed for the device upon which you
wish to run it, and you must set the environmental variable TTEERRMM to point
correctly to that description. For example, to run vvsshh from your console,
you should set TTEERRMM to aannssiippcc; while to run it from a PC that is plugged
into a serial port, you should set TTEERRMM to vvtt110000. You must have a tteerrmmiinnffoo
description for the device to which you set TTEERRMM, or vvsshh will behave in a
bizarre manner. For more information on devices and how to set them, see
the Lexicon entries for TTEERRMM and tteerrmmiinnffoo. For more information on
terminals in general, see the entry for tteerrmmiinnaall.
To ensure that TTEERRMM set correctly, may wish to embed the command ttttyyttyyppee in
your system's /eettcc/pprrooffiillee. For more details, see the Lexicon entry for
ttttyyttyyppee.
If you have a non-standard terminal or have trouble displaying vvsshh, try
invoking it with the options -ee or -tt. All of vvsshh's command-line options
are described below.
_M_a_i_n _S_c_r_e_e_n
When you invoke vvsshh, you see the following screen:
As you can see, the screen is divided five sections, or _w_i_n_d_o_w_s:
-> The first window, the _C_o_m_m_a_n_d Window, is the narrow window that runs
across the top of the screen. This window lists the commands that vvsshh
can perform. You will enter this window frequently as you work with
vvsshh.
-> The second window, the _C_u_r_r_e_n_t _D_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y window, names the directory
that you are currently in.
-> The third window, the _F_i_l_e Window, extends down the left side of the
screen. It lists the contents of the current directory. You will also
work frequently in this window.
-> The fourth window, the _S_y_s_t_e_m Window, is the upper window on the left
side of the screen. It gives information about the system, that is, who
is running vvsshh, the device she is running it on, and the current date
and time. You will never enter this window.
-> The last window, the _S_t_a_t_u_s Window, gives information about the work you
have performed under vvsshh. Again, you will never enter this window.
Across the bottom of the screen are nine ``stubs,'' one each for function
keys one through nine. The stub's text indicates the command that vvsshh
executes when you press that key.
The following sections discuss each window in detail.
_F_i_l_e _W_i_n_d_o_w
The file window lists all of the files and directories within the current
directory. This is the default window for vvsshh; the cursor ordinarily rests
in this window, and you will do most of your work in it.
The leftmost column in the File Window gives the name of each file and
directory. Directories are given at the top of the list; they are enclosed
within brackets `[ ]'. The other columns give, respectively the time the
file or directory was last updated; the date it was last updated; and its
permissions. For information on how to interpret the permissions string,
see the Lexicon entry for the command llss.
The top listing in the File Window is always [..], which represents the
current directory's parent directory.
The top listing in this list is highlighted by being shown in reverse
video. To move the highlighting bar up and down the list, use the arrow
keys. If you press the arrow keys on your keyboard's number pad, be sure
to turn the <NNuummLLoocckk> key _o_f_f, or the keys will not work as you expect. If
you press the |v key, the bar shifts down one row on the list. Pressing the
|^ key moves the bar up one row.
You can page up or page down by pressing, respectively, the keys <PPggUUpp> and
<PPggDDnn>. The key <HHoommee> moves the cursor to the top of the list, and <EEnndd>
moves it to the bottom. If your terminal does not implement these keys,
you can use the following control characters:
<ccttrrll-NN> Next page (like <PPggDDnn>)
<ccttrrll-PP> Previous page (like <PPggUUpp>)
<ccttrrll-AA> Beginning (top) of list (like <HHoommee>)
<ccttrrll-EE> End (bottom) of list (like <EEnndd>)
Note that if the list of files and directories is too large to fit into the
window, moving the bar to the bottom of the window and pressing |v will
scroll the list. If you press the <EEnndd> key, the row moves to the last row
in the list; and if you press <HHoommee>, it moves to the top of the list.
A scroll bar runs down the right side of the File Window. As you scroll up
and down this window, the scroll bar moves. Note that the position of the
scroll bar is proportional to the highlighting bar's position in relation
to the entire list of files, not just to its current position within the
File Window. This gives you an easy way to see just where you are in the
entire file list.
If you position the highlighting bar over the name of a directory and press
<EEnntteerr> (sometimes also labeled <RReettuurrnn>), vvsshh names that directory in the
Current Directory Window, and displays its contents in the File Window.
For example, if you position the highlighting bar over the entry for
directory [lleetttteerrss] and press <EEnntteerr>, vvsshh displays the contents of
directory lleetttteerrss in the File Window. (If you are familiar with the Bourne
or Korn shell, this has the same effect as typing the command ccdd lleetttteerrss.)
To return to the directory you had just been display (that is, the parent
directory of lleetttteerrss), use the arrow keys to move the highlighting bar to
the entry [..]; then press <EEnntteerr>. vvsshh changes the contents of the Current
Directory Window, and in the File Window erases the contents of lleetttteerrss and
displays the contents of its parent directory.
If you press <RReettuurrnn> while a file is highlighted instead of a directory,
vvsshh does the following:
11. If the file is executable, vvsshh executes it.
22. If the file matches a pattern from the file-action list, vvsshh executes
the action from the list with the file as input. The file-action list
is in file $HHOOMMEE/.uuddtt; it looks like:
[Mm]akefile:make
*.Z:zcat %F
vvsshh recognizes most common wildcard characters; for a table of these and
their meaning, see the Lexicon entries for wwiillddccaarrddss. The token %FF
stands for the file that is currently highlighted. For example, in the
above example the entry *.ZZ:zzccaatt %FF means that if you select a file with
the suffix .ZZ (which usually means that a file has been compressed), it
passes that file to zzccaatt to uncompress and display it. vvsshh defines many
defaults for you when it creates this file, which you can use as a
model. To change the file-action list, you must use a text editor to
edit file $HHOOMMEE/.uuddtt.
33. If the file appears to be ASCII vvsshh displays it with the default viewer.
While vvsshh is working, it displays a large letter `X' in reverse video in
the lower left corner of the screen. This shows that vvsshh is doing some
internal task. vvsshh cannot accept any commands while the `X' is displayed,
so please be patient.
Also, note that vvsshh cannot handle more than 1,000 files in any given
directory. If a directory contains more than 1,000 files, only the first
thousand will be available for use.
_S_y_s_t_e_m _W_i_n_d_o_w
The system window is the upper of the two windows on the left side of the
screen. The cursor never enters this window; rather, this window simply
displays information about your COHERENT system, and how you are currently
using it. It contains the following entries:
System:
Line:
Login:
UID:
GID:
Date:
Time:
The following discusses each entry in detail:
SSyysstteemm:
This gives the name of your system, as you (or your COHERENT system
administrator) has set it in file /eettcc/uuuuccppnnaammee. See the Lexicon's
entry for uuuuccppnnaammee for more details on proper naming conventions for
COHERENT systems.
LLiinnee:
This gives the device by which you are accessing your COHERENT system.
If you are working on your system's console device, then you should
see ccoonnssoollee on this line; whereas if you are accessing your COHERENT
via a PC plugged into serial port ccoomm11ll, you should see ccoomm11ll here.
If you are using virtual consoles, the line is shown as mmoonnoo[00-88] or
ccoolloorr[00-88]. See the Lexicon entries for ccoonnssoollee and ccoomm for more
information about the devices through which you can access a COHERENT
system.
LLooggiinn:
This gives the name under which you logged into COHERENT. For
example, if your login identifier is ffrreedd, then you should see ffrreedd on
this line.
UUIIDD: This shows your user-identification number (or UID). This is the
unique number by which your COHERENT system knows you, as set in file
/eettcc/ppaasssswwdd. For information on the UID and how to set it, see the
Lexicon entries for ppaasssswwdd and sseettuuiidd.
GGIIDD: This gives the number and name of the user group to which you belong.
Users on a COHERENT system can be organized into groups; permissions
on files can be set to include the members of your group, but exclude
all others. For information on groups, see the Lexicon entries for
ggrroouupp and sseettggiidd.
DDaattee:
This gives today's date (or rather, what your COHERENT system thinks
today's date is).
TTiimmee:
This gives what your system thinks the current time is. If your
system's time is not set correctly, then the time shown here will not
be correct. For information on how to set the system time, see the
Lexicon entries for the commands AATTcclloocckk and ddaattee.
The time can also vary depending upon what time zone your COHERENT
system thinks it's located in. For information on timezones and how
to set them correctly, see the Lexicon entry for TTIIMMEEZZOONNEE.
_C_o_m_m_a_n_d _W_i_n_d_o_w
The Command Window is the second window from the top, and stretches across
the width of the screen. This window gives you access to vvsshh's commands.
Some commands in the command window actually open an entire menu of
commands, with which you can perform all manner of work.
The command window contains the following entries. Note that the following
displays the vertically for convenience; the actual window displays them
horizontally:
FFile
DDirectory
OOptions
IInstall
CCommand
RRefresh
EExit
HHelp
When the cursor is in the File Window (which is the default) and you wish
to execute one of the commands in the Command Window, press its initial
letter. For example, to execute the RReeffrreesshh command, press RR.
Note that the commands on this window are in two groups. A command's
behavior differs, depending upon which group it belongs to.
The commands FFiillee, DDiirreeccttoorryy, OOppttiioonnss, and IInnssttaallll display a drop-down menu
when you invoke it. That is because they have more than one option
available under it. If you do not wish to invoke any of the sub-commands
on that menu, you can do either of the following: You can press the <EEsscc>
key, which erases the drop down-menu and returns you to the File Window; or
you can press the <- or -> keys, which move you to the command in this
group that lies, respectively, to the left or to the right of the current
command. For example, suppose that you were in the File Window, and you
pressed FF, to invoke the FFiillee command. vvsshh would move the cursor into the
Command Window, and display the File Command's drop-down window, which
displays its sub-commands. If you then pressed the <EEsscc> key, vvsshh would
return you to the File Window. If you pressed the -> key, vvsshh would erase
the FFiillee command's drop-down window and display, instead, the drop-down
window for the DDiirreeccttoorryy command. If, however, you pressed the <- key, vvsshh
would erase the FFiillee command's drop-down window and display, instead, the
drop-down window for the HHeellpp command. As you can see, vvsshh ``wraps-
around'' the cursor -- it considers the command at the far right to be to
the left of the command to the far left left, and vice versa. This concept
is a little difficult to grasp when you read about it, but once you try it,
it will quickly become clear.
The other group of commands are the commands CCoommmmaanndd, RReeffrreesshh, EExxiitt, and
HHeellpp each have only option, so when you invoke one of them, it immediately
begins to execute that option. When you access one of these commands
through the -> and <- keys, each displays a drop-down menu that shows its
one option.
The following describes each command in detail.
FFiillee Pressing FF invokes the FFiillee command. This displays a drop-down menu
that lists a set of sub-commands. These sub-commands let you
manipulate files; with them, you can edit a file, create a file,
change its permissions, rename it, erase it, print it, or do other
common tasks.
To invoke a sub-command, you can do either of the following: Press the
letter in the sub-command that is underlined (each sub-command has its
own unique letter with which you can invoke it); or use the |^ and |v
keys to move the highlighting bar to that command, and then press
<EEnntteerr>.
The following discusses each sub-command in detail:
CCooppyy This sub-command lets you make a copy of a file. It opens a pop-
up window that shows the old file name and requests a new name;
it then copies the old file into the new one that you name. If
you type the name of an existing file, vvsshh prompts you before it
overwrites that file. It repeats this procedure for every tagged
file.
Note that this command will not overwrite a file that you do not
own; nor will it create a new file in a directory in which you do
not have write permission, or copy a file on which you do not
have read permission. For more information on copying files
under COHERENT, see the Lexicon entry for the command ccpp.
MMoovvee This sub-command prompts you for the name of a directory, then
moves all tagged files into it. (If no files are tagged, then it
moves only the highlighted file. For more information on
tagging, see the entry for the sub-command TTaagg, below.) The files
retain their names in the new directory.
Note that this command will not copy a file for which you do not
have read permission, or copy a file into a directory into which
you do not have write permission; nor will it copy a file into a
non-existent directory (of course). For details on moving files,
see the Lexicon entry for the command mmvv.
DDeelleettee
This sub-command deletes the tagged files. (If no files are
tagged, then it deletes only the highlighted file. For more
information on tagging, see the entry for the sub-command TTaagg,
below.) It will prompt you to confirm that you really do want to
delete the file or files in question. With regard to the mass
deletion of tagged files, this sub-command lets you choose
whether to do a mass deletion or delete files one at a time.
Note that this sub-command will not delete a file that you do not
own. For details on deleting files, see the Lexicon entry for
the command rrmm.
RReennaammee
This sub-command lets you rename the highlighted file. It opens
a pop-up window that shows the current name of the file, and
prompts you to type the new name. Press <EEsscc> to abort this sub-
command, or type the new name and press <EEnntteerr>.
It does not work with directories. It will not let you rename a
file that you do not own. For details on renaming a file, see
the Lexicon entry for the command mmvv.
EExxeeccuuttee
This sub-command executes the highlighted file. vvsshh prompts you
to type the arguments you wish to pass this file, then invokes
the file with those arguments.
Note that vvsshh will not execute a file for which you do not have
execute permission.
AAcccceessss
This sub-command lets you change the manner in which every tagged
file can be accessed. (If no files are tagged, the default is
the highlighted file.) When you invoke it, vvsshh displays the
following pop-up window for each tagged file:
Change access f file _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
Owner
Read [x] Write[x] Execute[ ]
Group
Read [x] Write[ ] Execute[ ]
World
Read [x] Write[ ] Execute[ ]
Special
Set UID [ ] Set GID [ ] Set sticky[ ]
An `x' in a field means that that permission is turned on; a
blank means that it is turned off. Use the arrow keys to move to
the cursor the field whose status you wish to change, then enter
a space or `x' to, respectively, turn off or turn on that given
permission. To abort this command, press <EEsscc>.
For information what permission fields mean, see the Lexicon
entry for llss. Note that you can reset permissions only on the
files you own.
OOwwnneerr
This lets you change the owner and group that owns each tagged
file. If no files are tagged, then this applies only to the
highlighted file. When you invoke this sub-command, vvsshh opens a
pop-up window that shows the user and group that own a file: type
the name of the user or group you want to own the file. vvsshh
repeats this step for each tagged file. To abort this command,
press <EEsscc>.
For details on changing ownership of a file, see the Lexicon
entries for the command cchhoowwnn and cchhggrrpp. Note that only the
superuser rroooott can run this command.
PPrriinntt
This passes every tagged file to the print spooler for printing.
To change the default print spooler, use the IInnssttaallll command's
PPrriinntt ssppoooolleerr sub-command.
Note that vvsshh does not apply a filter to a file; for example, if
you try to use this feature of vvsshh to print a file on a
PostScript printer, the printer will hang. We suggest that you
use the command CCoommmmaanndd to print a file on a specialized printer.
It's a little more difficult, but it works.
VViieeww This sub-command invokes the default viewer to display the
contents of every tagged file. If you try to view the contents
of a binary file, the results may not be what you expect.
Note that vvsshh will not display a file for which you do not have
read permission. To change the default viewer, use the IInnssttaallll
command's FFiillee vviieewweerr sub-command.
EEddiitt This sub-command invokes the text editor to edit every tagged
file. If no files are tagged, then edit only the highlighted
file.
The default text editor is vvii, which can create problems for
persons who do not know how to exit from that editor. For a
quick brush-up on vvii, see the Lexicon entry for eellvviiss. To change
the default text editor, use the IInnssttaallll command's EEddiittoorr sub-
command. Note that COHERENT will not let you edit a file for
which you do not have read permission.
EEddiitt nneeww
This sub-command prompts you to type the name of a file, then
invokes the editor for that file. This can be a new file (that
is, one that does not yet exist in the current directory), or a
file that already exists.
Note that if you do try to edit a binary file, you may find
yourself running into difficulties.
TToouucchh
This ``touches'' every tagged file -- that is, it changes the
date and time that the file was last modified, just the same as
if you had just edited it.
Note that you cannot touch a file for which you do not have write
permission. For more information on touching files, see the
Lexicon entry for the command ttoouucchh.
TTaagg aallll
This sub-command ``tags'' every file in the current directory.
This lets you do mass moves or deletions of files. When you tag
a file, vvsshh updates the entries FFiilleess ttaaggggeedd and FFiillee ssiizzee ttaa. in
the Status Window, to reflect the number and total size of the
files you have just tagged. It also prints an asterisk next to
the tagged file.
When the cursor is in the File Window, you can toggle tagging on
the highlighted file by pressing the space bar. Note that the
highlighted file is implicitly tagged, whether an as asterisk
appears next to it or not. For details, see the section on the
Status Window, below.
UUnnttaagg aallll
This sub-command untags all files that are tagged in the current
directory. As noted above, you can toggle the tagging of the
highlighted file by pressing the space bar. This command updates
the Status Window to reflect your changes.
FFiillee ttyyppee
This command prints a summary of information about the type of
the highlighted file.
FFiillee iinnffoo
This sub-command opens a pop-up window that displays the
following information about the highlighted file or directory:
Filename
Filetype
I-Node
Links
Owner UID
Owner GID
access
modification
status changed
_F_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is the name of the file. _F_i_l_e_t_y_p_e is its type, e.g.,
directory or regular file. _I-_N_o_d_e gives the number of this
file's i-node; for information on what an i-node is, see its
entry in the Lexicon. _L_i_n_k_s gives the number of links to the
file. For information on what a link is, see the Lexicon entries
for llnn and lliinnkk(). _O_w_n_e_r _U_I_D and _O_w_n_e_r _G_I_D identify the owner and
group that own this file. For information on what the UID and
GID are, see the Lexicon entries for sseettuuiidd and sseettggiidd. _a_c_c_e_s_s,
_m_o_d_i_f_i_c_a_t_i_o_n, and _s_t_a_t_u_s _c_h_a_n_g_e_d give, respectively, the date and
time the file was last accessed, last modified, or last had its
status changed.
DDiirreeccttoorryy
Pressing DD invokes the DDiirreeccttoorryy command. This displays a drop-down
menu that lists a set of sub-commands. These sub-commands let you
manipulate directories; with them, you can create a directory, remove
a directory, change permissions, and other common tasks. You can also
manipulate a ``directory stack,'' which lets you jump quickly from one
directory to another without having to retype its name.
The following discusses each sub-command in detail:
CChhaannggee
This lets you change the current directory. When you invoke this
subcommand, vvsshh displays the following pop-up window:
Enter destination path
Type the full path name of the directory you wish to enter. If
this directory does not exist, or if you cannot access it, vvsshh
leaves you in the current directory; otherwise, it moves you to
the requested directory.
HHoommee This moves you to your home directory.
UUsseerr'ss HHoommee
This moves you to the home directory of another user. When you
invoke this sub-command, vvsshh asks you to name the user whose home
directory you wish to enter. To abort, press <EEsscc>. If the user
you enter does not exist or if you do not have permission to read
her home directory, vvsshh leaves you in the current directory;
otherwise, vvsshh moves you into that user's home directory.
PPuusshh The next three sub-commands makes it easy for you to maneuver
your way around the COHERENT file system. The work by using what
is called a ``directory stack''. In effect, you can tell vvsshh to
remember the directory you are in (this is termed ``pushing'' the
directory onto the stack); then, when you have switched to
another directory, you can returned to this directory simply by
``popping'' this pushed directory from the directory stack. This
lets you move around among directories without having to retype
them continually.
The PPuusshh sub-command pushes the current directory onto the
directory stack. When you push a directory, vvsshh increments the
number next to the entry DDiirr. SSttaacckk in the Status Window. This
tells you how many directories you have pushed onto the directory
stack.
PPoopp & ccdd
This sub-command moves you to the last directory you pushed onto
the directory stack. It also removes that directory from
directory stack. When you pop a directory from the directory
stack, vvsshh decrements the number next to the entry DDiirr. SSttaacckk in
the Status Window. This tells you how many directories remain on
the directory stack.
Note that directories are popped in the order opposite from that
in which they were entered. For example, if you pushed directory
/uussrr/bbiinn/ssyyss onto the directory stack, then directory
/uussrr/lliibb/mmaaiill, then /bbiinn, invoking the PPoopp sub-command will
return you to directory /bbiinn, then to /uussrr/lliibb/mmaaiill, and finally
to directory /uussrr/iinncclluuddee/ssyyss.
SSwwiittcchh
This command switches the current directory and the top entry in
the directory stack.
CCooppyy This copy the highlighted directory plus all of its contents into
another directory whose name you type into a pop-up window. It
behaves much like the command ccppddiirr.
DDeelleettee
This deletes the highlighted directory. It does not work with
files. If the directory has files in it, vvsshh will prompt you and
ask if you want the directory to vanish. If you answer `Y', then
vvsshh removes it, files and all -- just as if you had executed the
command rrmm -rrff.
vvsshh will not delete a directory that you do not own.
RReennaammee
This sub-command renames the highlighted directory. vvsshh opens a
pop-up window and prompts you to type the new name of the
directory. Press <EEsscc> to abort this sub-command. Note that you
can rename only directories that you own. This sub-command does
not work with files.
CCrreeaattee
This sub-command creates a new directory in the current
directory. vvsshh prompts you for the name of the new directory,
and then creates it. Note that you can create a directory only
if you have write permission in the current directory.
AAcccceessss
This lets you reset the access permission on the highlighted
directory. This is the directory equivalent of the FFiillee
command's AAcccceessss sub-command.
OOwwnneerr
This lets you reset the user and group that own a given
directory. This is the directory equivalent of the FFiillee
command's OOwwnneerr sub-command. Note that only the superuser rroooott
can run this command.
RReeaadd nneeww
This tells vvsshh to re-read the current directory. vvsshh copies the
contents of the current directory into memory for its own use;
thus, if other people manipulated the directory and its contents
after vvsshh read its contents, what you see in the File Window will
not reflect the true state of affairs in that directory. If you
are working with a directory that is being manipulated by one or
more other people, you should issue this command from time to
time, to ensure that you are working with an accurate image of
the directory's contents.
IInnffoo This is the same as the FFiillee iinnffoo sub-command under the FFiillee
command, described above.
OOppttiioonnss
Pressing OO invokes the OOppttiioonnss command. Its sub-commands let you
perform common system tasks The following discusses each sub-command
in detail:
SShheellll
This command invokes an interactive shell. When you exit from
the shell (either by typing eexxiitt or <ccttrrll-DD>), you will be
returned to vvsshh.
By default, vvsshh invokes the Bourne shell sshh; to change the
default shell, use the SShheellll sub-command under the IInnssttaallll
command, which is described below.
LLoocckk tteerrmmiinnaall
This command locks your terminal. When the terminal is locked,
no command can entered into it; this lets you walk away from your
terminal briefly without worrying whether anyone (e.g., your cat)
will do anything untoward under your login. The terminal remains
locked until you retype the secret password that you entered when
you invoked this sub-command
When you invoke this sub-command, a pop-up window appears with
the following:
Lock Enter Password
vvsshh prints a `#' to echo each character that you type. If you
wish to abort the LLoocckk sub-command, press <EEsscc>. When you have
finished entering your password, press <EEnntteerr>. When you have
entered the password, the following window appears:
This Terminal is locked!
Enter Password to unlock
or hit return to logoff
Type the password to return to vvsshh. If you (or someone else)
presses <EEnntteerr>, you will be logged out of COHERENT.
MMeessssaaggeess
This sub-command lets you receive or ignore messages. A message
can be sent to your terminal by another user or another process;
for example, the mmaaiill command may send a prompt to your screen
when new mail is received.
When you invoke this sub-command, vvsshh displays the following pop-
up window:
Do you want to receive messages ?
Yes No
Use the -> and <- keys to select the option you want, then press
<EEnntteerr>. When you change your message status, the information in
the Status Window changes. For example, when you turn off
messaging, the following appears at the bottom of the Status
Window:
You can't get messages
For information on how COHERENT sends messages to your terminal,
see the Lexicon entry for mmeessgg. Also, see the description of the
Status Window, below.
OOnnlliinnee mmaannuuaall
This lets you select an entry from the COHERENT system's on-line
manual pages. When you invoke this sub-command, vvsshh displays the
following pop-up window:
Enter topic, chapter is optional :
Topic:
Chapter:
Type the title of the Lexicon entry that interests you; for
example, to see the Lexicon entry for the command vvsshh, enter vvsshh
in the TTooppiicc slot, then type <EEnntteerr>. Do not enter anything into
the CChhaapptteerr slot; this does not apply to the COHERENT system.
You will see on your screen the Lexicon entry that you are now
reading. If you change your mind, press <EEsscc> to abort this
command.
Note that if you did not install or uncompress the manual pages
when you installed your COHERENT system, this sub-command will
not work. For more information on the COHERENT manual pages, see
the Lexicon entries for the commands hheellpp and mmaann.
IInnssttaallll
Pressing II invokes the IInnssttaallll command. Its sub-commands let you
modify some of vvsshh's default behaviors; in particular, it lets you
program your function keys to execute some tasks you select with one
keystroke. The following discusses each sub-command in detail:
DDiissppllaayy
This command lets you customize appearance of vvsshh. When you
invoke this sub-command, vvsshh displays the following pop-up
window:
Display Attributes
Menubar
Menu color
Menu attribute
Dialog box
The entry MMeennuubbaarr lets you select the display attribute for the
menu bar, which can be one of bboolldd, uunnddeerrlliinnee, or rreevveerrssee.
The entry MMeennuu ccoolloorr lets you set the menu color, which can be
either nnoorrmmaall or rreevveerrssee. (This may vary, depending on the type
of terminal you are using.)
The entry MMeennuu aattttrriibbuuttee lets you set the display attribute for
pulldown menus, which can be one of bboolldd, uunnddeerrlliinnee, bboolldd, or
nnoorrmmaall.
Finally, the entry DDiiaalloogg bbooxx lets you set the display attribute
for dialogue boxes, which can be one of bboolldd, uunnddeerrlliinnee, or bbootthh.
The best way to see what these commands do is to try them out.
As mentioned above, the behavior may change from device to
device, depending upon the type of terminal that you are using.
FFuunnccttiioonn kkeeyyss
This lets you ``program'' up to nine function keys, so you can
invoke selected commands easily. Each user can have her own list
of programmed function keys.
When you invoke this sub-command, vvsshh displays the following
drop-down menu:
Function keys
Function key 1
Function key 2
...
Function key 9
Press 1 through 9 to program the corresponding function key (or
use the |^ and |v keys to move then highlighting bar, then press
<EEnntteerr>). vvsshh asks you to enter the label for the function key
and the command you want that function key to invoke. When you
have finished, the new label will appear in the corresponding
function-key tag at the bottom of the screen; and when you press
that function key, vvsshh executes the corresponding command.
For example, to make the game cchhaassee one of your function key
entries, do the following: First, press II to invoke the IInnssttaallll
command. The press kk to invoke the FFuunnccttiioonn kkeeyyss sub-command.
When the function-keys drop-down menu appears, press 22, for
function-key FF22. When the label pop-window appears, type cchhaassee
into the first slot, which holds the label Press <TTaabb> to jump to
the second slot, which holds the command to execute, then type
/uussrr/ggaammeess/cchhaassee. When you have done typing, press <EEnntteerr>.
As you can see, the FF22 stub at the bottom of the screen shows
cchhaassee; and when you press FF22, vvsshh launches you into cchhaassee. You
can program the first nine function keys to work in the same way.
You can embed the token %FF as a placeholder for the current file.
For example, to count the number of lines in the current file,
put the following command into a function-key definition:
wc -l %F
Because some computers still do not have function keys (e.g., the
NeXT machine), you can also use the number keys to execute
commands installed on the function keys.
By the way, for information on the highly amusing game cchhaassee, see
its entry in the Lexicon.
SShheellll
This sub-command lets you set the default shell that vvsshh runs
when you invoke its SShheellll command. When you invoke this sub-
command, vvsshh displays the following pop-up menu:
Enter command to run a shell
(Coherent default is '/bin/sh')
/bin/sh
Type the shell that you want, either /bbiinn/sshh or /bbiinn/kksshh, and
press <EEnntteerr>. (You can enter another program if you like, but
you may get some strange results if you do.) For information on
each shell, see its entry in the Lexicon.
EEddiittoorr
This lets you set the editor that vvsshh invokes when you select the
EEddiitt sub-command under the FFiillee command. When you invoke the
EEddiittoorr sub-command, vvsshh displays the following pop-up window:
Enter command to run an editor
(Coherent default is 'vi')
vi
Type the editor that you want, one of eedd, mmee, or vvii; then press
<EEnntteerr>. For information on each editor, see its entry in the
Lexicon.
PPrriinntt ssppoooolleerr
This lets you set the spooler that vvsshh invokes when you select
the PPrriinntt sub-command under the FFiillee command. When you invoke
the PPrriinntt ssppoooolleerr sub-command, vvsshh displays the following pop-up
window:
Enter command to run a print-spooler
(Coherent default is 'lpr -B')
lpr -B
Enter the spooler that you want. For more information on the
spooling commands available under COHERENT, see the Lexicon entry
pprriinntteerr.
Beginning with release 2.7 of vvsshh, this feature works with pipes.
vvsshh understands that the token %FF represents the current file.
For example, if you have a PostScript printer, you will want
every file to be processed by the command pprrppss before you print
it. Thus, enter the command:
prps %F | hpr -B
This tells vvsshh to filter each file through pprrppss and pipe the
output to the laser-printer spooler hhpprr.
Some of this functionality may not be necessary under COHERENT
release 4.1, which implements the System-V llpp print spooler. See
the Lexicon article pprriinntteerr for details.
FFiillee vviieewweerr
This lets you set the viewer that vvsshh invokes when you select the
VViieeww sub-command under the FFiillee command. When you invoke the
FFiillee vviieewweerr sub-command, vvsshh displays the following pop-up
window:
Enter command to run a file view utility
(Coherent default is 'more')
more
Enter one of mmoorree or ssccaatt. For information on how these commands
differ, see their entries in the Lexicon.
CCoommmmaanndd
The command CCoommmmaanndd lets you send a command directly to a COHERENT
shell. This lets you invoke commands that ordinarily are not
available through vvsshh.
Suppose, for example, that you decided you wanted to play a session of the
game tteettrriiss, and that you have not yet programmed tteettrriiss as one of your
function keys. Press CC to invoke CCoommmmaanndd. vvsshh moves the cursor moves to
the bottom of the screen, and erases the row of boxes that describe the
function keys. You can now type the command you want, in this case
/uussrr/ggaammeess/tteettrriiss. To run the command, press <EEnntteerr>; to abort entering a
command and return to vvsshh, type <EEsscc>.
When you press <EEnntteerr>, vvsshh runs the command you typed. When you have
finished playing tteettrriiss and have exited from it, vvsshh clears the screen and
displays the message:
Hit any key to continue ...
When you press a key, vvsshh redraws itself on your screen and returns the
cursor to the File Window.
(By the way, the COHERENT version of tteettrriiss is available as part of COHware
volumes 2 and 3. For information on obtaining COHware, see the release
notes that came with your copy of COHERENT.)
CCoommmmaanndd also remembers the last 40 commands that you have issued. To
invoke a command that you previous issued through CCoommmmaanndd, press the |^ key.
The last command you issued will appear in the command slot. If you
continue to press the |^ key, others commands appear, in reverse order from
when you issued them. If you overshoot the command that you want to re-
run, press the |v key to walk back down the list of previously issued
commands. When you find the previously issued command that you wish to
rerun, just press <EEnntteerr> and vvsshh runs it again.
Pressing <HHoommee> moves to the first command in the command list -- that is,
the command you issued first. Pressing <EEnndd> moves to the last command in
the list -- that is, the command you issued most recently. You can also
edit a previously issued command. The following gives lists the available
editing commands:
<- Move the cursor one character to the left
-> Move the cursor one character to the right
<ddeell> Delete the character to the left
<bbaacckkssppaaccee>Delete the character to the left
<ccttrrll-DD> Delete the character over the cursor
<ccttrrll-PP> Go to last character of the command
<ccttrrll-NN> Go to first character of the command
Finally, if you embed the token %FF in a command, vvsshh substitutes the
currently highlighted file for it.
RReeffrreesshh
The command RReeffrreesshh redraws the screen. It does no other work. This
is helpful if your screen has become jumbled or scrambled for any
reason -- such as a message being written onto your screen by another
user.
To invoke this command, type RR. vvsshh pauses very briefly, then the screen
flickers as vvsshh redraws. If the screen had been confused for any reason,
invoking this command should restore to its proper state.
EExxiitt The command EExxiitt exits you from vvsshh. To exit from vvsshh, press EE. In
response, vvsshh pops the following window onto your screen:
Do you really want to quit?
Yes No
The window is in reverse video, for emphasis. The option YYeess is
underlined, to show that it is the default choice. If you really do
wish to exit, press <EEnntteerr>; and vvsshh returns to the COHERENT shell.
If you changed your mind, however, and do not wish to exit, press the ->
key to change the option; this will shift the underlining from option YYeess
to option NNoo. Pressing enter at this point selects the NNoo option; vvsshh in
response removes the pop-up window from the screen and returns you to the
File Window.
If you change your mind again, though, and really do wish to exit, then
press the <- key. The underlining shifts back to the YYeess option; and when
you press <EEnntteerr> you exit from vvsshh and return to the shell.
_S_t_a_t_u_s _W_i_n_d_o_w
The Status Window is the lower window on the right side of the screen. The
cursor never enters this window; rather, this window gives information
about how vvsshh is functioning, and in particular about the files that are
currently displayed in the File Window.
The Status Window appears as follows:
Files:
File size:
Files tagged:
File size ta.:
Dir. Stack:
Mail:
_m_a_i_l_b_o_x
You can get messages
The following discusses each entry in detail.
FFiilleess
This gives the number of files being shown in File Window. Note that
this is all files that can be scrolled through that window, _n_o_t the
files that are shown in that window at this moment.
FFiillee ssiizzee
This gives the total size, in bytes, of all files available through in
the File Window.
FFiilleess ttaaggggeedd
This gives the number of files that you have tagged. See the
description of the FFiillee command, above, for details.
FFiillee ssiizzee ttaa.
This gives the total size of all tagged files. See the description of
the FFiillee command, above, for details.
DDiirr. SSttaacckk
This gives the number of directories that currently reside on the
directory stack. As noted above, you can ``push'' directories onto
the directory stack or ``pop'' them from it. By doing so, you have an
easy way to jump about from one directory to another, without having
to type directory names repeatedly. See the above description of the
DDiirreeccttoorryy command for more details.
You can have a maximum of ten directories on the stack.
MMaaiill This line indicates whether you have mail waiting to be read. If you
don't, this line will say
None
whereas if you do, the line will say
Avail
and flash at you. If new mail arrives, vvsshh flashes
New
in that slot.
_m_a_i_l_b_o_x
This line gives the name of your mailbox -- that is, the file that
mmaaiill reads.
_m_e_s_s_a_g_e_s
This indicates whether your terminal can receive messages -- e.g.,
whether a message will pop up on your screen if someone wishes to
communicate with you via the wwrriittee command. For more information on
how to change the message status of your terminal, see the Lexicon
entry for the command mmeessgg.
_F_u_n_c_t_i_o_n _K_e_y_s
The bottom of the screen show nine small boxes in reverse video. These are
labelled FF11 through FF99. If you have defined the key using the FFuunnccttiioonn KKeeyy
command, vvsshh displays the box the tag that you gave that key.
For example, in our above example we set key FF11 to run the command ppss -aa,
and gave it the tag ppss. At the bottom of the screen, the box labelled FF11
should show ppss.
For more details, see the description of the FFuunnccttiioonn KKeeyy command, above.
_C_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_a_t_i_o_n _F_i_l_e
vvsshh reads the file $HHOOMMEE/.uuddtt to configure itself. If you wish, you can
use a text editor to edit this file, and so modify the behavior of vvsshh.
A typical .uuddtt file reads as follows:
cwd=/v/fwb
shell=/bin/ksh
editor=me
print-spooler=hpr -B
view=more
make=make
me-disp-attr=reverse
pd-disp-color=normal
pd-disp-attr=bold
se-disp-attr=underline
pfkey1= mail mail
pfkey9=tetris /usr/games/tetris
cmd=
tetris
tetris
echo foo
ccwwdd points to the current working directory, that is, the directory in
which you have last worked with vvsshh. vvsshh returns you to that directory when
you next invoke the shell.
sshheellll, eeddiittoorr, pprriinntt-ssppoooolleerr, vviieeww, and mmaakkee give, respectively, the shell,
editor, print-spooler, viewer, and make utility that you selected with the
IInnssttaallll command. If you change one of these values, the behavior of vvsshh
changes to reflect the change. For example, if you change the line
editor=me
to
editor=ed
then vvsshh will invoke eedd the next time you request the FFiillee command' EEddiitt
sub-command.
mmee-ddiisspp-aattttrr, ppdd-ddiisspp-ccoolloorr, ppdd-ddiisspp-aattttrr, and ssee-ddiisspp-aattttrr give the
display features for, respectively, the menu bar, the menu color, the menu
attribute, and the dialogue box.
The lines ppffkkeeyy11 through ppffkkeeyy99 set the behavior of the function keys. The
first seven characters after the equal sign `=' give the text that appears
in stub at the bottom of the screen. Everything after the first seven
characters describes the command to be executed when you press that
function key.
The text that follows the line ccmmdd= lists the commands that you have
executed with the command CCoommmmaanndd.
_C_o_m_m_a_n_d-_l_i_n_e _O_p_t_i_o_n_s
vvsshh recognizes the following options:
-dd Enter vvsshh and begin in the current directory. Normally, vvsshh begins in
the last directory used in your last vvsshh session.
-ee Do not use the graphic character set. This option coarsens the
appearance of vvsshh, but gives it a fighting chance to run on cheap
terminals that do not implement the full alternate character set of the
DEC VT-100 terminal.
-ii Restrict the user's ability to run the IInnssttaallll command. In this mode,
vvsshh can be used as a restricted shell, especially if it is embedded in
/eettcc/ppaasssswwdd.
-rr Restrict the shell. This option turns off the following:
-> The command CCoommmmaanndd
-> No interactive shell can be called from the OOppttiioonnss menu
-> Most options from the DDiirreeccttoorryy menu
-> Most options from the IInnssttaallll menu
This lets the system administrator restrict the activity of users fairly
strongly.
-tt This command-line option tells vvsshh to assume the entire VT-100 mapping.
This is useful with terminals whose system definitions are incomplete,
or the alternate character set is ignored.
_F_i_l_e_s
$HHOOMMEE/.uuddtt -- Configuration file
_S_e_e _A_l_s_o
ccoommmmaannddss, kksshh, sshh, tteerrmmiinnffoo, ttttyyttyyppee
_N_o_t_e_s
vvsshh was written by Udo Munk.
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