gcc/install.texi - annotate

Return to install.texi CVS log

Up to [GCC 2.x] / gcc

Annotation of gcc/install.texi, revision 1.1.1.9

1.1.1.6 root 1: @c Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
1.1 root 2: @c This is part of the GCC manual.
3: @c For copying conditions, see the file gcc.texi.
4:
5: @c The text of this file appears in the file INSTALL
6: @c in the GCC distribution, as well as in the GCC manual.
7:
8: @ifclear INSTALLONLY
9: @node Installation
10: @chapter Installing GNU CC
11: @end ifclear
12: @cindex installing GNU CC
13:
14: @menu
1.1.1.5 root 15: * Configurations:: Configurations Supported by GNU CC.
1.1 root 16: * Other Dir:: Compiling in a separate directory (not where the source is).
17: * Cross-Compiler:: Building and installing a cross-compiler.
18: * Sun Install:: See below for installation on the Sun.
19: * VMS Install:: See below for installation on VMS.
1.1.1.3 root 20: * Collect2:: How @code{collect2} works; how it finds @code{ld}.
1.1.1.4 root 21: * Header Dirs:: Understanding the standard header file directories.
1.1 root 22: @end menu
1.1.1.5 root 23:
24: Here is the procedure for installing GNU CC on a Unix system. See
25: @ref{VMS Install}, for VMS systems. In this section we assume you
26: compile in the same directory that contains the source files; see
27: @ref{Other Dir}, to find out how to compile in a separate directory on Unix
28: systems.
1.1 root 29:
1.1.1.4 root 30: You cannot install GNU C by itself on MSDOS; it will not compile under
31: any MSDOS compiler except itself. You need to get the complete
32: compilation package DJGPP, which includes binaries as well as sources,
33: and includes all the necessary compilation tools and libraries.
34:
1.1 root 35: @enumerate
36: @item
37: If you have built GNU CC previously in the same directory for a
38: different target machine, do @samp{make distclean} to delete all files
1.1.1.2 root 39: that might be invalid. One of the files this deletes is
40: @file{Makefile}; if @samp{make distclean} complains that @file{Makefile}
41: does not exist, it probably means that the directory is already suitably
42: clean.
1.1 root 43:
44: @item
45: On a System V release 4 system, make sure @file{/usr/bin} precedes
46: @file{/usr/ucb} in @code{PATH}. The @code{cc} command in
47: @file{/usr/ucb} uses libraries which have bugs.
48:
49: @item
1.1.1.5 root 50: Specify the host, build and target machine configurations. You do this
51: by running the file @file{configure}.
52:
53: The @dfn{build} machine is the system which you are using, the
54: @dfn{host} machine is the system where you want to run the resulting
55: compiler (normally the build machine), and the @dfn{target} machine is
56: the system for which you want the compiler to generate code.
1.1 root 57:
58: If you are building a compiler to produce code for the machine it runs
1.1.1.5 root 59: on (a native compiler), you normally do not need to specify any operands
60: to @file{configure}; it will try to guess the type of machine you are on
61: and use that as the build, host and target machines. So you don't need
62: to specify a configuration when building a native compiler unless
63: @file{configure} cannot figure out what your configuration is or guesses
64: wrong.
65:
66: In those cases, specify the build machine's @dfn{configuration name}
67: with the @samp{--build} option; the host and target will default to be
68: the same as the build machine. (If you are building a cross-compiler,
69: see @ref{Cross-Compiler}.)
70:
71: Here is an example:
1.1 root 72:
1.1.1.3 root 73: @smallexample
1.1.1.5 root 74: ./configure --build=sparc-sun-sunos4.1
1.1.1.3 root 75: @end smallexample
1.1 root 76:
77: A configuration name may be canonical or it may be more or less
78: abbreviated.
79:
80: A canonical configuration name has three parts, separated by dashes.
81: It looks like this: @samp{@var{cpu}-@var{company}-@var{system}}.
82: (The three parts may themselves contain dashes; @file{configure}
83: can figure out which dashes serve which purpose.) For example,
84: @samp{m68k-sun-sunos4.1} specifies a Sun 3.
85:
86: You can also replace parts of the configuration by nicknames or aliases.
87: For example, @samp{sun3} stands for @samp{m68k-sun}, so
88: @samp{sun3-sunos4.1} is another way to specify a Sun 3. You can also
89: use simply @samp{sun3-sunos}, since the version of SunOS is assumed by
90: default to be version 4. @samp{sun3-bsd} also works, since
91: @file{configure} knows that the only BSD variant on a Sun 3 is SunOS.
92:
93: You can specify a version number after any of the system types, and some
94: of the CPU types. In most cases, the version is irrelevant, and will be
95: ignored. So you might as well specify the version if you know it.
96:
1.1.1.5 root 97: See @ref{Configurations}, for a list of supported configuration names and
98: notes on many of the configurations. You should check the notes in that
1.1.1.6 root 99: section before proceeding any further with the installation of GNU CC.
1.1 root 100:
1.1.1.2 root 101: There are four additional options you can specify independently to
1.1 root 102: describe variant hardware and software configurations. These are
1.1.1.2 root 103: @samp{--with-gnu-as}, @samp{--with-gnu-ld}, @samp{--with-stabs} and
104: @samp{--nfp}.
1.1 root 105:
106: @table @samp
107: @item --with-gnu-as
1.1.1.3 root 108: If you will use GNU CC with the GNU assembler (GAS), you should declare
109: this by using the @samp{--with-gnu-as} option when you run
110: @file{configure}.
111:
112: Using this option does not install GAS. It only modifies the output of
113: GNU CC to work with GAS. Building and installing GAS is up to you.
114:
1.1.1.4 root 115: Conversely, if you @emph{do not} wish to use GAS and do not specify
116: @samp{--with-gnu-as} when building GNU CC, it is up to you to make sure
117: that GAS is not installed. GNU CC searches for a program named
118: @code{as} in various directories; if the program it finds is GAS, then
119: it runs GAS. If you are not sure where GNU CC finds the assembler it is
120: using, try specifying @samp{-v} when you run it.
121:
122: The systems where it makes a difference whether you use GAS are@*
123: @samp{hppa1.0-@var{any}-@var{any}}, @samp{hppa1.1-@var{any}-@var{any}},
124: @samp{i386-@var{any}-sysv}, @samp{i386-@var{any}-isc},@*
125: @samp{i860-@var{any}-bsd}, @samp{m68k-bull-sysv}, @samp{m68k-hp-hpux},
126: @samp{m68k-sony-bsd},@*
127: @samp{m68k-altos-sysv}, @samp{m68000-hp-hpux}, @samp{m68000-att-sysv},
1.1.1.6 root 128: @samp{@var{any}-lynx-lynxos}, and @samp{mips-@var{any}}).
129: On any other system, @samp{--with-gnu-as} has no effect.
1.1.1.4 root 130:
1.1.1.5 root 131: On the systems listed above (except for the HP-PA, for ISC on the
132: 386, and for @samp{mips-sgi-irix5.*}), if you use GAS, you should also
133: use the GNU linker (and specify @samp{--with-gnu-ld}).
1.1 root 134:
135: @item --with-gnu-ld
136: Specify the option @samp{--with-gnu-ld} if you plan to use the GNU
1.1.1.3 root 137: linker with GNU CC.
138:
139: This option does not cause the GNU linker to be installed; it just
140: modifies the behavior of GNU CC to work with the GNU linker.
141: Specifically, it inhibits the installation of @code{collect2}, a program
1.1 root 142: which otherwise serves as a front-end for the system's linker on most
143: configurations.
144:
1.1.1.2 root 145: @item --with-stabs
1.1.1.4 root 146: On MIPS based systems and on Alphas, you must specify whether you want
1.1.1.5 root 147: GNU CC to create the normal ECOFF debugging format, or to use BSD-style
148: stabs passed through the ECOFF symbol table. The normal ECOFF debug
149: format cannot fully handle languages other than C. BSD stabs format can
150: handle other languages, but it only works with the GNU debugger GDB.
1.1.1.2 root 151:
152: Normally, GNU CC uses the ECOFF debugging format by default; if you
153: prefer BSD stabs, specify @samp{--with-stabs} when you configure GNU
154: CC.
155:
156: No matter which default you choose when you configure GNU CC, the user
157: can use the @samp{-gcoff} and @samp{-gstabs+} options to specify explicitly
158: the debug format for a particular compilation.
159:
1.1.1.4 root 160: @samp{--with-stabs} is meaningful on the ISC system on the 386, also, if
161: @samp{--with-gas} is used. It selects use of stabs debugging
162: information embedded in COFF output. This kind of debugging information
163: supports C++ well; ordinary COFF debugging information does not.
164:
1.1.1.5 root 165: @samp{--with-stabs} is also meaningful on 386 systems running SVR4. It
166: selects use of stabs debugging information embedded in ELF output. The
167: C++ compiler currently (2.6.0) does not support the DWARF debugging
168: information normally used on 386 SVR4 platforms; stabs provide a
169: workable alternative. This requires gas and gdb, as the normal SVR4
170: tools can not generate or interpret stabs.
171:
1.1 root 172: @item --nfp
173: On certain systems, you must specify whether the machine has a floating
1.1.1.3 root 174: point unit. These systems include @samp{m68k-sun-sunos@var{n}} and
1.1 root 175: @samp{m68k-isi-bsd}. On any other system, @samp{--nfp} currently has no
176: effect, though perhaps there are other systems where it could usefully
177: make a difference.
178: @end table
179:
1.1.1.5 root 180: The @file{configure} script searches subdirectories of the source
181: directory for other compilers that are to be integrated into GNU CC.
182: The GNU compiler for C++, called G++ is in a subdirectory named
183: @file{cp}. @file{configure} inserts rules into @file{Makefile} to build
184: all of those compilers.
1.1 root 185:
1.1.1.5 root 186: Here we spell out what files will be set up by @code{configure}. Normally
187: you need not be concerned with these files.
1.1 root 188:
1.1.1.5 root 189: @itemize @bullet
190: @item
191: @ifset INTERNALS
1.1.1.6 root 192: A file named @file{config.h} is created that contains a @samp{#include}
193: of the top-level config file for the machine you will run the compiler
194: on (@pxref{Config}). This file is responsible for defining information
195: about the host machine. It includes @file{tm.h}.
1.1.1.5 root 196: @end ifset
197: @ifclear INTERNALS
1.1.1.6 root 198: A file named @file{config.h} is created that contains a @samp{#include}
199: of the top-level config file for the machine you will run the compiler
200: on (@pxref{Config,,The Configuration File, gcc.info, Using and Porting
201: GCC}). This file is responsible for defining information about the host
202: machine. It includes @file{tm.h}.
1.1.1.5 root 203: @end ifclear
1.1.1.3 root 204:
1.1.1.5 root 205: The top-level config file is located in the subdirectory @file{config}.
206: Its name is always @file{xm-@var{something}.h}; usually
207: @file{xm-@var{machine}.h}, but there are some exceptions.
1.1.1.4 root 208:
1.1.1.5 root 209: If your system does not support symbolic links, you might want to
210: set up @file{config.h} to contain a @samp{#include} command which
211: refers to the appropriate file.
1.1.1.2 root 212:
1.1.1.5 root 213: @item
1.1.1.6 root 214: A file named @file{tconfig.h} is created which includes the top-level config
1.1.1.5 root 215: file for your target machine. This is used for compiling certain
216: programs to run on that machine.
1.1.1.4 root 217:
1.1.1.5 root 218: @item
1.1.1.6 root 219: A file named @file{tm.h} is created which includes the
220: machine-description macro file for your target machine. It should be in
221: the subdirectory @file{config} and its name is often
222: @file{@var{machine}.h}.
1.1.1.4 root 223:
1.1.1.5 root 224: @item
225: The command file @file{configure} also constructs the file
226: @file{Makefile} by adding some text to the template file
227: @file{Makefile.in}. The additional text comes from files in the
228: @file{config} directory, named @file{t-@var{target}} and
229: @file{x-@var{host}}. If these files do not exist, it means nothing
230: needs to be added for a given target or host.
231: @end itemize
1.1.1.2 root 232:
1.1.1.5 root 233: @item
234: The standard directory for installing GNU CC is @file{/usr/local/lib}.
235: If you want to install its files somewhere else, specify
236: @samp{--prefix=@var{dir}} when you run @file{configure}. Here @var{dir}
237: is a directory name to use instead of @file{/usr/local} for all purposes
238: with one exception: the directory @file{/usr/local/include} is searched
239: for header files no matter where you install the compiler. To override
240: this name, use the @code{--local-prefix} option below.
1.1.1.2 root 241:
1.1.1.5 root 242: @item
243: Specify @samp{--local-prefix=@var{dir}} if you want the compiler to
244: search directory @file{@var{dir}/include} for locally installed header
245: files @emph{instead} of @file{/usr/local/include}.
1.1.1.2 root 246:
1.1.1.5 root 247: You should specify @samp{--local-prefix} @strong{only} if your site has
248: a different convention (not @file{/usr/local}) for where to put
249: site-specific files.
250:
251: @strong{Do not} specify @file{/usr} as the @samp{--local-prefix}! The
252: directory you use for @samp{--local-prefix} @strong{must not} contain
253: any of the system's standard header files. If it did contain them,
254: certain programs would be miscompiled (including GNU Emacs, on certain
255: targets), because this would override and nullify the header file
256: corrections made by the @code{fixincludes} script.
1.1.1.2 root 257:
1.1.1.5 root 258: @cindex Bison parser generator
259: @cindex parser generator, Bison
260: @item
261: Make sure the Bison parser generator is installed. (This is
262: unnecessary if the Bison output files @file{c-parse.c} and
263: @file{cexp.c} are more recent than @file{c-parse.y} and @file{cexp.y}
264: and you do not plan to change the @samp{.y} files.)
1.1.1.2 root 265:
1.1.1.5 root 266: Bison versions older than Sept 8, 1988 will produce incorrect output
267: for @file{c-parse.c}.
1.1 root 268:
1.1.1.5 root 269: @item
270: If you have chosen a configuration for GNU CC which requires other GNU
271: tools (such as GAS or the GNU linker) instead of the standard system
272: tools, install the required tools in the build directory under the names
273: @file{as}, @file{ld} or whatever is appropriate. This will enable the
274: compiler to find the proper tools for compilation of the program
275: @file{enquire}.
1.1 root 276:
1.1.1.5 root 277: Alternatively, you can do subsequent compilation using a value of the
278: @code{PATH} environment variable such that the necessary GNU tools come
279: before the standard system tools.
1.1 root 280:
1.1.1.5 root 281: @item
282: Build the compiler. Just type @samp{make LANGUAGES=c} in the compiler
283: directory.
1.1 root 284:
1.1.1.5 root 285: @samp{LANGUAGES=c} specifies that only the C compiler should be
286: compiled. The makefile normally builds compilers for all the supported
287: languages; currently, C, C++ and Objective C. However, C is the only
288: language that is sure to work when you build with other non-GNU C
289: compilers. In addition, building anything but C at this stage is a
290: waste of time.
1.1 root 291:
1.1.1.5 root 292: In general, you can specify the languages to build by typing the
293: argument @samp{LANGUAGES="@var{list}"}, where @var{list} is one or more
294: words from the list @samp{c}, @samp{c++}, and @samp{objective-c}. If
295: you have any additional GNU compilers as subdirectories of the GNU CC
296: source directory, you may also specify their names in this list.
1.1.1.4 root 297:
1.1.1.5 root 298: Ignore any warnings you may see about ``statement not reached'' in
299: @file{insn-emit.c}; they are normal. Also, warnings about ``unknown
300: escape sequence'' are normal in @file{genopinit.c} and perhaps some
301: other files. Likewise, you should ignore warnings about ``constant is
302: so large that it is unsigned'' in @file{insn-emit.c} and
1.1.1.6 root 303: @file{insn-recog.c} and a warning about a comparison always being zero
304: in @file{enquire.o}. Any other compilation errors may represent bugs in
1.1.1.5 root 305: the port to your machine or operating system, and
306: @ifclear INSTALLONLY
307: should be investigated and reported (@pxref{Bugs}).
308: @end ifclear
309: @ifset INSTALLONLY
310: should be investigated and reported.
311: @end ifset
1.1.1.3 root 312:
1.1.1.5 root 313: Some commercial compilers fail to compile GNU CC because they have bugs
314: or limitations. For example, the Microsoft compiler is said to run out
315: of macro space. Some Ultrix compilers run out of expression space; then
316: you need to break up the statement where the problem happens.
1.1.1.4 root 317:
1.1.1.5 root 318: @item
319: If you are building a cross-compiler, stop here. @xref{Cross-Compiler}.
1.1.1.3 root 320:
1.1.1.5 root 321: @cindex stage1
322: @item
323: Move the first-stage object files and executables into a subdirectory
324: with this command:
1.1.1.2 root 325:
1.1.1.5 root 326: @smallexample
327: make stage1
328: @end smallexample
1.1 root 329:
1.1.1.5 root 330: The files are moved into a subdirectory named @file{stage1}.
331: Once installation is complete, you may wish to delete these files
332: with @code{rm -r stage1}.
1.1 root 333:
1.1.1.5 root 334: @item
335: If you have chosen a configuration for GNU CC which requires other GNU
336: tools (such as GAS or the GNU linker) instead of the standard system
337: tools, install the required tools in the @file{stage1} subdirectory
338: under the names @file{as}, @file{ld} or whatever is appropriate. This
339: will enable the stage 1 compiler to find the proper tools in the
340: following stage.
1.1.1.2 root 341:
1.1.1.5 root 342: Alternatively, you can do subsequent compilation using a value of the
343: @code{PATH} environment variable such that the necessary GNU tools come
344: before the standard system tools.
345:
346: @item
347: Recompile the compiler with itself, with this command:
348:
349: @smallexample
1.1.1.6 root 350: make CC="stage1/xgcc -Bstage1/" CFLAGS="-g -O2"
1.1.1.5 root 351: @end smallexample
352:
353: This is called making the stage 2 compiler.
354:
355: The command shown above builds compilers for all the supported
356: languages. If you don't want them all, you can specify the languages to
357: build by typing the argument @samp{LANGUAGES="@var{list}"}. @var{list}
358: should contain one or more words from the list @samp{c}, @samp{c++},
359: @samp{objective-c}, and @samp{proto}. Separate the words with spaces.
360: @samp{proto} stands for the programs @code{protoize} and
361: @code{unprotoize}; they are not a separate language, but you use
362: @code{LANGUAGES} to enable or disable their installation.
363:
364: If you are going to build the stage 3 compiler, then you might want to
365: build only the C language in stage 2.
366:
367: Once you have built the stage 2 compiler, if you are short of disk
368: space, you can delete the subdirectory @file{stage1}.
369:
370: On a 68000 or 68020 system lacking floating point hardware,
371: unless you have selected a @file{tm.h} file that expects by default
372: that there is no such hardware, do this instead:
373:
374: @smallexample
1.1.1.6 root 375: make CC="stage1/xgcc -Bstage1/" CFLAGS="-g -O2 -msoft-float"
1.1.1.5 root 376: @end smallexample
377:
378: @item
379: If you wish to test the compiler by compiling it with itself one more
380: time, install any other necessary GNU tools (such as GAS or the GNU
381: linker) in the @file{stage2} subdirectory as you did in the
382: @file{stage1} subdirectory, then do this:
383:
384: @smallexample
385: make stage2
1.1.1.6 root 386: make CC="stage2/xgcc -Bstage2/" CFLAGS="-g -O2"
1.1.1.5 root 387: @end smallexample
388:
389: @noindent
390: This is called making the stage 3 compiler. Aside from the @samp{-B}
391: option, the compiler options should be the same as when you made the
392: stage 2 compiler. But the @code{LANGUAGES} option need not be the
393: same. The command shown above builds compilers for all the supported
394: languages; if you don't want them all, you can specify the languages to
395: build by typing the argument @samp{LANGUAGES="@var{list}"}, as described
396: above.
397:
398: If you do not have to install any additional GNU tools, you may use the
399: command
400:
401: @smallexample
402: make bootstrap LANGUAGES=@var{language-list} BOOT_CFLAGS=@var{option-list}
403: @end smallexample
404:
405: @noindent
406: instead of making @file{stage1}, @file{stage2}, and performing
407: the two compiler builds.
408:
409: @item
410: Then compare the latest object files with the stage 2 object
411: files---they ought to be identical, aside from time stamps (if any).
412:
413: On some systems, meaningful comparison of object files is impossible;
414: they always appear ``different.'' This is currently true on Solaris and
1.1.1.6 root 415: some systems that use ELF object file format. On some versions of Irix
416: on SGI machines and DEC Unix (OSF/1) on Alpha systems, you will not be
417: able to compare the files without specifying @file{-save-temps}; see the
418: description of individual systems above to see if you get comparison
419: failures. You may have similar problems on other systems.
1.1.1.5 root 420:
421: Use this command to compare the files:
422:
423: @smallexample
424: make compare
425: @end smallexample
426:
427: This will mention any object files that differ between stage 2 and stage
428: 3. Any difference, no matter how innocuous, indicates that the stage 2
429: compiler has compiled GNU CC incorrectly, and is therefore a potentially
1.1.1.4 root 430: @ifclear INSTALLONLY
1.1.1.5 root 431: serious bug which you should investigate and report (@pxref{Bugs}).
1.1.1.4 root 432: @end ifclear
1.1.1.5 root 433: @ifset INSTALLONLY
434: serious bug which you should investigate and report.
435: @end ifset
1.1.1.4 root 436:
1.1.1.5 root 437: If your system does not put time stamps in the object files, then this
438: is a faster way to compare them (using the Bourne shell):
1.1 root 439:
1.1.1.5 root 440: @smallexample
441: for file in *.o; do
442: cmp $file stage2/$file
443: done
444: @end smallexample
1.1 root 445:
1.1.1.5 root 446: If you have built the compiler with the @samp{-mno-mips-tfile} option on
447: MIPS machines, you will not be able to compare the files.
1.1 root 448:
1.1.1.5 root 449: @item
450: Install the compiler driver, the compiler's passes and run-time support
451: with @samp{make install}. Use the same value for @code{CC},
452: @code{CFLAGS} and @code{LANGUAGES} that you used when compiling the
453: files that are being installed. One reason this is necessary is that
454: some versions of Make have bugs and recompile files gratuitously when
455: you do this step. If you use the same variable values, those files will
456: be recompiled properly.
1.1 root 457:
1.1.1.5 root 458: For example, if you have built the stage 2 compiler, you can use the
459: following command:
1.1 root 460:
1.1.1.5 root 461: @smallexample
462: make install CC="stage2/xgcc -Bstage2/" CFLAGS="-g -O" LANGUAGES="@var{list}"
463: @end smallexample
1.1.1.3 root 464:
1.1.1.5 root 465: @noindent
466: This copies the files @file{cc1}, @file{cpp} and @file{libgcc.a} to
467: files @file{cc1}, @file{cpp} and @file{libgcc.a} in the directory
468: @file{/usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/@var{target}/@var{version}}, which is where
469: the compiler driver program looks for them. Here @var{target} is the
470: target machine type specified when you ran @file{configure}, and
471: @var{version} is the version number of GNU CC. This naming scheme
472: permits various versions and/or cross-compilers to coexist.
1.1 root 473:
1.1.1.5 root 474: This also copies the driver program @file{xgcc} into
475: @file{/usr/local/bin/gcc}, so that it appears in typical execution
476: search paths.
477:
478: On some systems, this command causes recompilation of some files. This
479: is usually due to bugs in @code{make}. You should either ignore this
480: problem, or use GNU Make.
481:
482: @cindex @code{alloca} and SunOs
483: @strong{Warning: there is a bug in @code{alloca} in the Sun library. To
484: avoid this bug, be sure to install the executables of GNU CC that were
485: compiled by GNU CC. (That is, the executables from stage 2 or 3, not
486: stage 1.) They use @code{alloca} as a built-in function and never the
487: one in the library.}
488:
489: (It is usually better to install GNU CC executables from stage 2 or 3,
490: since they usually run faster than the ones compiled with some other
491: compiler.)
492:
493: @item
494: If you're going to use C++, it's likely that you need to also install
495: the libg++ distribution. It should be available from the same
496: place where you got the GNU C distribution. Just as GNU C does not
497: distribute a C runtime library, it also does not include a C++ run-time
498: library. All I/O functionality, special class libraries, etc., are
499: available in the libg++ distribution.
500: @end enumerate
1.1 root 501:
1.1.1.5 root 502: @node Configurations
503: @section Configurations Supported by GNU CC
504: @cindex configurations supported by GNU CC
1.1 root 505:
1.1.1.5 root 506: Here are the possible CPU types:
507:
508: @quotation
509: @c gmicro, alliant, spur and tahoe omitted since they don't work.
510: 1750a, a29k, alpha, arm, c@var{n}, clipper, dsp16xx, elxsi, h8300,
1.1.1.6 root 511: hppa1.0, hppa1.1, i370, i386, i486, i586, i860, i960, m68000, m68k,
512: m88k, mips, mipsel, mips64, mips64el, ns32k, powerpc, powerpcle,
513: pyramid, romp, rs6000, sh, sparc, sparclite, sparc64, vax, we32k.
1.1.1.5 root 514: @end quotation
515:
516: Here are the recognized company names. As you can see, customary
517: abbreviations are used rather than the longer official names.
518:
519: @c What should be done about merlin, tek*, dolphin?
520: @quotation
521: acorn, alliant, altos, apollo, att, bull,
522: cbm, convergent, convex, crds, dec, dg, dolphin,
523: elxsi, encore, harris, hitachi, hp, ibm, intergraph, isi,
524: mips, motorola, ncr, next, ns, omron, plexus,
1.1.1.6 root 525: sequent, sgi, sony, sun, tti, unicom, wrs.
1.1.1.5 root 526: @end quotation
527:
528: The company name is meaningful only to disambiguate when the rest of
529: the information supplied is insufficient. You can omit it, writing
530: just @samp{@var{cpu}-@var{system}}, if it is not needed. For example,
531: @samp{vax-ultrix4.2} is equivalent to @samp{vax-dec-ultrix4.2}.
532:
533: Here is a list of system types:
534:
535: @quotation
1.1.1.6 root 536: 386bsd, aix, acis, amigados, aos, aout, bosx, bsd, clix, coff, ctix, cxux,
537: dgux, dynix, ebmon, ecoff, elf, esix, freebsd, hms, genix, gnu, gnu/linux,
1.1.1.5 root 538: hiux, hpux, iris, irix, isc, luna, lynxos, mach, minix, msdos, mvs,
1.1.1.6 root 539: netbsd, newsos, nindy, ns, osf, osfrose, ptx, riscix, riscos, rtu, sco, sim,
540: solaris, sunos, sym, sysv, udi, ultrix, unicos, uniplus, unos, vms, vsta,
541: vxworks, winnt, xenix.
1.1.1.5 root 542: @end quotation
543:
544: @noindent
545: You can omit the system type; then @file{configure} guesses the
546: operating system from the CPU and company.
547:
548: You can add a version number to the system type; this may or may not
549: make a difference. For example, you can write @samp{bsd4.3} or
550: @samp{bsd4.4} to distinguish versions of BSD. In practice, the version
551: number is most needed for @samp{sysv3} and @samp{sysv4}, which are often
552: treated differently.
553:
554: If you specify an impossible combination such as @samp{i860-dg-vms},
555: then you may get an error message from @file{configure}, or it may
556: ignore part of the information and do the best it can with the rest.
557: @file{configure} always prints the canonical name for the alternative
558: that it used. GNU CC does not support all possible alternatives.
559:
560: Often a particular model of machine has a name. Many machine names are
561: recognized as aliases for CPU/company combinations. Thus, the machine
562: name @samp{sun3}, mentioned above, is an alias for @samp{m68k-sun}.
563: Sometimes we accept a company name as a machine name, when the name is
564: popularly used for a particular machine. Here is a table of the known
565: machine names:
566:
567: @quotation
568: 3300, 3b1, 3b@var{n}, 7300, altos3068, altos,
569: apollo68, att-7300, balance,
570: convex-c@var{n}, crds, decstation-3100,
571: decstation, delta, encore,
572: fx2800, gmicro, hp7@var{nn}, hp8@var{nn},
573: hp9k2@var{nn}, hp9k3@var{nn}, hp9k7@var{nn},
574: hp9k8@var{nn}, iris4d, iris, isi68,
575: m3230, magnum, merlin, miniframe,
576: mmax, news-3600, news800, news, next,
1.1.1.6 root 577: pbd, pc532, pmax, powerpc, powerpcle, ps2, risc-news,
1.1.1.5 root 578: rtpc, sun2, sun386i, sun386, sun3,
579: sun4, symmetry, tower-32, tower.
580: @end quotation
581:
582: @noindent
583: Remember that a machine name specifies both the cpu type and the company
584: name.
585: If you want to install your own homemade configuration files, you can
586: use @samp{local} as the company name to access them. If you use
587: configuration @samp{@var{cpu}-local}, the configuration name
588: without the cpu prefix
589: is used to form the configuration file names.
590:
591: Thus, if you specify @samp{m68k-local}, configuration uses
592: files @file{m68k.md}, @file{local.h}, @file{m68k.c},
593: @file{xm-local.h}, @file{t-local}, and @file{x-local}, all in the
594: directory @file{config/m68k}.
595:
596: Here is a list of configurations that have special treatment or special
597: things you must know:
598:
599: @table @samp
600: @item 1750a-*-*
601: MIL-STD-1750A processors.
602:
603: Starting with GCC 2.6.1, the MIL-STD-1750A cross configuration no longer
604: supports the Tektronix Assembler, but instead produces output for
605: @code{as1750}, an assembler/linker available under the GNU Public
1.1.1.6 root 606: License for the 1750A. Contact @emph{kellogg@@space.otn.dasa.de} for more
1.1.1.5 root 607: details on obtaining @samp{as1750}. A similarly licensed simulator for
608: the 1750A is available from same address.
609:
610: You should ignore a fatal error during the building of libgcc (libgcc is
611: not yet implemented for the 1750A.)
612:
613: The @code{as1750} assembler requires the file @file{ms1750.inc}, which is
614: found in the directory @file{config/1750a}.
615:
616: GNU CC produced the same sections as the Fairchild F9450 C Compiler,
617: namely:
618:
619: @table @code
1.1.1.6 root 620: @item Normal
1.1.1.5 root 621: The program code section.
622:
1.1.1.6 root 623: @item Static
1.1.1.5 root 624: The read/write (RAM) data section.
625:
1.1.1.6 root 626: @item Konst
1.1.1.5 root 627: The read-only (ROM) constants section.
628:
1.1.1.6 root 629: @item Init
1.1.1.5 root 630: Initialization section (code to copy KREL to SREL).
631: @end table
632:
633: The smallest addressable unit is 16 bits (BITS_PER_UNIT is 16). This
634: means that type `char' is represented with a 16-bit word per character.
635: The 1750A's "Load/Store Upper/Lower Byte" instructions are not used by
636: GNU CC.
637:
638: @item alpha-*-osf1
639: Systems using processors that implement the DEC Alpha architecture and
1.1.1.6 root 640: are running the DEC Unix (OSF/1) operating system, for example the DEC
641: Alpha AXP systems. (VMS on the Alpha is not currently supported by GNU
642: CC.)
1.1.1.5 root 643:
644: GNU CC writes a @samp{.verstamp} directive to the assembler output file
645: unless it is built as a cross-compiler. It gets the version to use from
646: the system header file @file{/usr/include/stamp.h}. If you install a
1.1.1.6 root 647: new version of DEC Unix, you should rebuild GCC to pick up the new version
1.1.1.5 root 648: stamp.
649:
650: Note that since the Alpha is a 64-bit architecture, cross-compilers from
651: 32-bit machines will not generate code as efficient as that generated
652: when the compiler is running on a 64-bit machine because many
653: optimizations that depend on being able to represent a word on the
654: target in an integral value on the host cannot be performed. Building
655: cross-compilers on the Alpha for 32-bit machines has only been tested in
656: a few cases and may not work properly.
657:
1.1.1.6 root 658: @code{make compare} may fail on old versions of DEC Unix unless you add
1.1.1.5 root 659: @samp{-save-temps} to @code{CFLAGS}. On these systems, the name of the
660: assembler input file is stored in the object file, and that makes
661: comparison fail if it differs between the @code{stage1} and
662: @code{stage2} compilations. The option @samp{-save-temps} forces a
663: fixed name to be used for the assembler input file, instead of a
664: randomly chosen name in @file{/tmp}. Do not add @samp{-save-temps}
665: unless the comparisons fail without that option. If you add
666: @samp{-save-temps}, you will have to manually delete the @samp{.i} and
667: @samp{.s} files after each series of compilations.
668:
669: GNU CC now supports both the native (ECOFF) debugging format used by DBX
670: and GDB and an encapsulated STABS format for use only with GDB. See the
671: discussion of the @samp{--with-stabs} option of @file{configure} above
672: for more information on these formats and how to select them.
673:
674: There is a bug in DEC's assembler that produces incorrect line numbers
675: for ECOFF format when the @samp{.align} directive is used. To work
676: around this problem, GNU CC will not emit such alignment directives
677: while writing ECOFF format debugging information even if optimization is
678: being performed. Unfortunately, this has the very undesirable
679: side-effect that code addresses when @samp{-O} is specified are
680: different depending on whether or not @samp{-g} is also specified.
681:
682: To avoid this behavior, specify @samp{-gstabs+} and use GDB instead of
683: DBX. DEC is now aware of this problem with the assembler and hopes to
684: provide a fix shortly.
685:
686: @item arm
687: Advanced RISC Machines ARM-family processors. These are often used in
688: embedded applications. There are no standard Unix configurations.
689: This configuration corresponds to the basic instruction sequences and will
690: produce a.out format object modules.
691:
692: You may need to make a variant of the file @file{arm.h} for your particular
693: configuration.
694:
695: @item arm-*-riscix
696: The ARM2 or ARM3 processor running RISC iX, Acorn's port of BSD Unix. If
697: you are running a version of RISC iX prior to 1.2 then you must specify
698: the version number during configuration. Note that the assembler
699: shipped with RISC iX does not support stabs debugging information; a
700: new version of the assembler, with stabs support included, is now
701: available from Acorn.
702:
703: @item a29k
704: AMD Am29k-family processors. These are normally used in embedded
705: applications. There are no standard Unix configurations.
706: This configuration
707: corresponds to AMD's standard calling sequence and binary interface
708: and is compatible with other 29k tools.
709:
710: You may need to make a variant of the file @file{a29k.h} for your
711: particular configuration.
712:
713: @item a29k-*-bsd
714: AMD Am29050 used in a system running a variant of BSD Unix.
715:
716: @item decstation-*
717: DECstations can support three different personalities: Ultrix,
718: DEC OSF/1, and OSF/rose. To configure GCC for these platforms
719: use the following configurations:
720:
721: @table @samp
722: @item decstation-ultrix
723: Ultrix configuration.
724:
725: @item decstation-osf1
726: Dec's version of OSF/1.
727:
728: @item decstation-osfrose
729: Open Software Foundation reference port of OSF/1 which uses the
730: OSF/rose object file format instead of ECOFF. Normally, you
731: would not select this configuration.
732: @end table
733:
734: The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size
735: for switch statements with the @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500} option in
736: order to compile @file{cp/parse.c}. If you use the @samp{-O2}
737: optimization option, you also need to use @samp{-Olimit 3000}.
738: Both of these options are automatically generated in the
739: @file{Makefile} that the shell script @file{configure} builds.
740: If you override the @code{CC} make variable and use the MIPS
741: compilers, you may need to add @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit 3000}.
742:
743: @item elxsi-elxsi-bsd
744: The Elxsi's C compiler has known limitations that prevent it from
745: compiling GNU C. Please contact @code{mrs@@cygnus.com} for more details.
746:
747: @item dsp16xx
748: A port to the AT&T DSP1610 family of processors.
749:
750: @ignore
751: @item fx80
752: Alliant FX/8 computer. Note that the standard installed C compiler in
753: Concentrix 5.0 has a bug which prevent it from compiling GNU CC
754: correctly. You can patch the compiler bug as follows:
755:
756: @smallexample
757: cp /bin/pcc ./pcc
758: adb -w ./pcc - << EOF
759: 15f6?w 6610
760: EOF
761: @end smallexample
762:
763: Then you must use the @samp{-ip12} option when compiling GNU CC
764: with the patched compiler, as shown here:
765:
766: @smallexample
767: make CC="./pcc -ip12" CFLAGS=-w
768: @end smallexample
769:
770: Note also that Alliant's version of DBX does not manage to work with the
771: output from GNU CC.
772: @end ignore
773:
774: @item h8300-*-*
775: The calling convention and structure layout has changed in release 2.6.
776: All code must be recompiled. The calling convention now passes the
777: first three arguments in function calls in registers. Structures are no
778: longer a multiple of 2 bytes.
779:
780: @item hppa*-*-*
1.1.1.7 root 781: There are several variants of the HP-PA processor which run a variety
782: of operating systems. GNU CC must be configured to use the correct
783: processor type and operating system, or GNU CC will not function correctly.
784: The easiest way to handle this problem is to @emph{not} specify a target
785: when configuring GNU CC, the @file{configure} script will try to automatically
786: determine the right processor type and operating system.
1.1.1.5 root 787:
788: @samp{-g} does not work on HP-UX, since that system uses a peculiar
789: debugging format which GNU CC does not know about. However, @samp{-g}
790: will work if you also use GAS and GDB in conjunction with GCC. We
791: highly recommend using GAS for all HP-PA configurations.
792:
1.1.1.7 root 793: You should be using GAS-2.6 (or later) along with GDB-4.16 (or later). These
1.1.1.5 root 794: can be retrieved from all the traditional GNU ftp archive sites.
795:
1.1.1.7 root 796: GAS will need to be installed into a directory before @code{/bin},
797: @code{/usr/bin}, and @code{/usr/ccs/bin} in your search path. You
798: should install GAS before you build GNU CC.
1.1.1.5 root 799:
1.1.1.7 root 800: To enable debugging, you must configure GNU CC with the @samp{--with-gnu-as}
801: option before building.
1.1.1.3 root 802:
1.1.1.5 root 803: @item i370-*-*
804: This port is very preliminary and has many known bugs. We hope to
805: have a higher-quality port for this machine soon.
806:
1.1.1.6 root 807: @item i386-*-linuxoldld
1.1.1.7 root 808: Use this configuration to generate a.out binaries on Linux-based GNU
809: systems, if you do not have gas/binutils version 2.5.2 or later
810: installed. This is an obsolete configuration.
1.1.1.6 root 811:
812: @item i386-*-linuxaout
1.1.1.7 root 813: Use this configuration to generate a.out binaries on Linux-based GNU
814: systems. This configuration is being superseded. You must use
815: gas/binutils version 2.5.2 or later.
1.1.1.6 root 816:
1.1.1.9 ! root 817: @item i386-*-linux-gnulibc1
1.1.1.8 root 818: Use this configuration to generate ELF binaries on Linux-based GNU
1.1.1.9 ! root 819: systems using the Linux libc version 5. You must use gas/binutils
! 820: version 2.5.2 or later.
1.1.1.8 root 821:
1.1.1.6 root 822: @item i386-*-linux
1.1.1.7 root 823: Use this configuration to generate ELF binaries on Linux-based GNU
1.1.1.9 ! root 824: systems using glibc 2. You must use gas/binutils version 2.8.1 or
! 825: later.
1.1 root 826:
1.1.1.5 root 827: @item i386-*-sco
828: Compilation with RCC is recommended. Also, it may be a good idea to
829: link with GNU malloc instead of the malloc that comes with the system.
1.1 root 830:
1.1.1.6 root 831: @item i386-*-sco3.2v4
1.1.1.5 root 832: Use this configuration for SCO release 3.2 version 4.
1.1 root 833:
1.1.1.5 root 834: @item i386-*-isc
835: It may be a good idea to link with GNU malloc instead of the malloc that
836: comes with the system.
1.1 root 837:
1.1.1.5 root 838: In ISC version 4.1, @file{sed} core dumps when building
839: @file{deduced.h}. Use the version of @file{sed} from version 4.0.
1.1 root 840:
1.1.1.5 root 841: @item i386-*-esix
842: It may be good idea to link with GNU malloc instead of the malloc that
843: comes with the system.
1.1 root 844:
1.1.1.5 root 845: @item i386-ibm-aix
846: You need to use GAS version 2.1 or later, and and LD from
847: GNU binutils version 2.2 or later.
1.1.1.4 root 848:
1.1.1.5 root 849: @item i386-sequent-bsd
850: Go to the Berkeley universe before compiling. In addition, you probably
851: need to create a file named @file{string.h} containing just one line:
852: @samp{#include <strings.h>}.
1.1.1.4 root 853:
1.1.1.5 root 854: @item i386-sequent-ptx1*
855: Sequent DYNIX/ptx 1.x.
1.1.1.4 root 856:
1.1.1.5 root 857: @item i386-sequent-ptx2*
858: Sequent DYNIX/ptx 2.x.
1.1 root 859:
1.1.1.5 root 860: @item i386-sun-sunos4
861: You may find that you need another version of GNU CC to begin
862: bootstrapping with, since the current version when built with the
863: system's own compiler seems to get an infinite loop compiling part of
864: @file{libgcc2.c}. GNU CC version 2 compiled with GNU CC (any version)
865: seems not to have this problem.
1.1 root 866:
1.1.1.5 root 867: See @ref{Sun Install}, for information on installing GNU CC on Sun
868: systems.
1.1 root 869:
1.1.1.6 root 870: @item i[345]86-*-winnt3.5
871: This version requires a GAS that has not let been released. Until it
872: is, you can get a prebuilt binary version via anonymous ftp from
873: @file{cs.washington.edu:pub/gnat} or @file{cs.nyu.edu:pub/gnat}. You
874: must also use the Microsoft header files from the Windows NT 3.5 SDK.
875: Find these on the CDROM in the @file{/mstools/h} directory dated 9/4/94. You
876: must use a fixed version of Microsoft linker made especially for NT 3.5,
877: which is also is available on the NT 3.5 SDK CDROM. If you do not have
878: this linker, can you also use the linker from Visual C/C++ 1.0 or 2.0.
879:
880: Installing GNU CC for NT builds a wrapper linker, called @file{ld.exe},
881: which mimics the behaviour of Unix @file{ld} in the specification of
882: libraries (@samp{-L} and @samp{-l}). @file{ld.exe} looks for both Unix
883: and Microsoft named libraries. For example, if you specify
884: @samp{-lfoo}, @file{ld.exe} will look first for @file{libfoo.a}
885: and then for @file{foo.lib}.
886:
887: You may install GNU CC for Windows NT in one of two ways, depending on
888: whether or not you have a Unix-like shell and various Unix-like
889: utilities.
890:
891: @enumerate
892: @item
893: If you do not have a Unix-like shell and few Unix-like utilities, you
894: will use a DOS style batch script called @file{configure.bat}. Invoke
895: it as @code{configure winnt} from an MSDOS console window or from the
896: program manager dialog box. @file{configure.bat} assumes you have
897: already installed and have in your path a Unix-like @file{sed} program
898: which is used to create a working @file{Makefile} from @file{Makefile.in}.
899:
900: @file{Makefile} uses the Microsoft Nmake program maintenance utility and
901: the Visual C/C++ V8.00 compiler to build GNU CC. You need only have the
902: utilities @file{sed} and @file{touch} to use this installation method,
903: which only automatically builds the compiler itself. You must then
904: examine what @file{fixinc.winnt} does, edit the header files by hand and
905: build @file{libgcc.a} manually.
906:
907: @item
908: The second type of installation assumes you are running a Unix-like
909: shell, have a complete suite of Unix-like utilities in your path, and
910: have a previous version of GNU CC already installed, either through
911: building it via the above installation method or acquiring a pre-built
912: binary. In this case, use the @file{configure} script in the normal
913: fashion.
914: @end enumerate
915:
1.1.1.5 root 916: @item i860-intel-osf1
917: This is the Paragon.
918: @ifset INSTALLONLY
919: If you have version 1.0 of the operating system, you need to take
920: special steps to build GNU CC due to peculiarities of the system. Newer
921: system versions have no problem. See the section `Installation Problems'
922: in the GNU CC Manual.
1.1 root 923: @end ifset
1.1.1.5 root 924: @ifclear INSTALLONLY
925: If you have version 1.0 of the operating system,
926: see @ref{Installation Problems}, for special things you need to do to
927: compensate for peculiarities in the system.
1.1 root 928: @end ifclear
929:
1.1.1.6 root 930: @item *-lynx-lynxos
931: LynxOS 2.2 and earlier comes with GNU CC 1.x already installed as
932: @file{/bin/gcc}. You should compile with this instead of @file{/bin/cc}.
933: You can tell GNU CC to use the GNU assembler and linker, by specifying
934: @samp{--with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld} when configuring. These will produce
935: COFF format object files and executables; otherwise GNU CC will use the
936: installed tools, which produce a.out format executables.
937:
1.1.1.5 root 938: @item m68000-hp-bsd
939: HP 9000 series 200 running BSD. Note that the C compiler that comes
940: with this system cannot compile GNU CC; contact @code{law@@cs.utah.edu}
941: to get binaries of GNU CC for bootstrapping.
1.1 root 942:
1.1.1.9 ! root 943: @item m68k-*-linuxaout
! 944: Use this configuration to generate a.out binaries on Linux. This configuration
! 945: is being superseded. You must use gas/binutils version 2.5.2 or later.
! 946:
! 947: @item m68k-*-linux-gnulibc1
! 948: Use this configuration to generate ELF binaries on Linux with the
! 949: Linux C library 5.x.x. You must use gas/binutils version 2.8.1 later.
! 950:
! 951: @item m68k-*-linux
! 952: Use this configuration to generate ELF binaries on Linux-based GNU
! 953: systems with the GNU C library 2. You must use gas/binutils version
! 954: 2.8.1 or later.
! 955:
1.1.1.5 root 956: @item m68k-altos
957: Altos 3068. You must use the GNU assembler, linker and debugger.
958: Also, you must fix a kernel bug. Details in the file @file{README.ALTOS}.
1.1 root 959:
1.1.1.5 root 960: @item m68k-att-sysv
961: AT&T 3b1, a.k.a. 7300 PC. Special procedures are needed to compile GNU
962: CC with this machine's standard C compiler, due to bugs in that
963: compiler. You can bootstrap it more easily with
964: previous versions of GNU CC if you have them.
1.1 root 965:
1.1.1.5 root 966: Installing GNU CC on the 3b1 is difficult if you do not already have
967: GNU CC running, due to bugs in the installed C compiler. However,
968: the following procedure might work. We are unable to test it.
1.1 root 969:
1.1.1.5 root 970: @enumerate
1.1 root 971: @item
1.1.1.5 root 972: Comment out the @samp{#include "config.h"} line on line 37 of
973: @file{cccp.c} and do @samp{make cpp}. This makes a preliminary version
974: of GNU cpp.
1.1 root 975:
976: @item
1.1.1.5 root 977: Save the old @file{/lib/cpp} and copy the preliminary GNU cpp to that
978: file name.
1.1 root 979:
980: @item
1.1.1.5 root 981: Undo your change in @file{cccp.c}, or reinstall the original version,
982: and do @samp{make cpp} again.
1.1 root 983:
1.1.1.3 root 984: @item
1.1.1.5 root 985: Copy this final version of GNU cpp into @file{/lib/cpp}.
1.1.1.3 root 986:
1.1.1.5 root 987: @findex obstack_free
1.1.1.3 root 988: @item
1.1.1.5 root 989: Replace every occurrence of @code{obstack_free} in the file
990: @file{tree.c} with @code{_obstack_free}.
1.1.1.4 root 991:
1.1 root 992: @item
1.1.1.5 root 993: Run @code{make} to get the first-stage GNU CC.
1.1 root 994:
995: @item
1.1.1.5 root 996: Reinstall the original version of @file{/lib/cpp}.
1.1.1.4 root 997:
998: @item
1.1.1.5 root 999: Now you can compile GNU CC with itself and install it in the normal
1000: fashion.
1001: @end enumerate
1.1 root 1002:
1.1.1.5 root 1003: @item m68k-bull-sysv
1004: Bull DPX/2 series 200 and 300 with BOS-2.00.45 up to BOS-2.01. GNU CC works
1005: either with native assembler or GNU assembler. You can use
1006: GNU assembler with native coff generation by providing @samp{--with-gnu-as} to
1007: the configure script or use GNU assembler with dbx-in-coff encapsulation
1008: by providing @samp{--with-gnu-as --stabs}. For any problem with native
1009: assembler or for availability of the DPX/2 port of GAS, contact
1010: @code{F.Pierresteguy@@frcl.bull.fr}.
1.1 root 1011:
1.1.1.5 root 1012: @item m68k-crds-unox
1013: Use @samp{configure unos} for building on Unos.
1.1 root 1014:
1.1.1.5 root 1015: The Unos assembler is named @code{casm} instead of @code{as}. For some
1016: strange reason linking @file{/bin/as} to @file{/bin/casm} changes the
1017: behavior, and does not work. So, when installing GNU CC, you should
1018: install the following script as @file{as} in the subdirectory where
1019: the passes of GCC are installed:
1.1 root 1020:
1.1.1.5 root 1021: @example
1022: #!/bin/sh
1023: casm $*
1024: @end example
1.1 root 1025:
1.1.1.5 root 1026: The default Unos library is named @file{libunos.a} instead of
1027: @file{libc.a}. To allow GNU CC to function, either change all
1028: references to @samp{-lc} in @file{gcc.c} to @samp{-lunos} or link
1029: @file{/lib/libc.a} to @file{/lib/libunos.a}.
1.1 root 1030:
1.1.1.5 root 1031: @cindex @code{alloca}, for Unos
1032: When compiling GNU CC with the standard compiler, to overcome bugs in
1033: the support of @code{alloca}, do not use @samp{-O} when making stage 2.
1034: Then use the stage 2 compiler with @samp{-O} to make the stage 3
1035: compiler. This compiler will have the same characteristics as the usual
1036: stage 2 compiler on other systems. Use it to make a stage 4 compiler
1037: and compare that with stage 3 to verify proper compilation.
1.1 root 1038:
1.1.1.5 root 1039: (Perhaps simply defining @code{ALLOCA} in @file{x-crds} as described in
1040: the comments there will make the above paragraph superfluous. Please
1041: inform us of whether this works.)
1.1 root 1042:
1.1.1.5 root 1043: Unos uses memory segmentation instead of demand paging, so you will need
1044: a lot of memory. 5 Mb is barely enough if no other tasks are running.
1045: If linking @file{cc1} fails, try putting the object files into a library
1046: and linking from that library.
1.1.1.3 root 1047:
1.1.1.5 root 1048: @item m68k-hp-hpux
1049: HP 9000 series 300 or 400 running HP-UX. HP-UX version 8.0 has a bug in
1050: the assembler that prevents compilation of GNU CC. To fix it, get patch
1051: PHCO_4484 from HP.
1.1.1.3 root 1052:
1.1.1.5 root 1053: In addition, if you wish to use gas @samp{--with-gnu-as} you must use
1054: gas version 2.1 or later, and you must use the GNU linker version 2.1 or
1055: later. Earlier versions of gas relied upon a program which converted the
1056: gas output into the native HP/UX format, but that program has not been
1057: kept up to date. gdb does not understand that native HP/UX format, so
1058: you must use gas if you wish to use gdb.
1.1 root 1059:
1.1.1.5 root 1060: @item m68k-sun
1061: Sun 3. We do not provide a configuration file to use the Sun FPA by
1062: default, because programs that establish signal handlers for floating
1063: point traps inherently cannot work with the FPA.
1.1 root 1064:
1.1.1.5 root 1065: See @ref{Sun Install}, for information on installing GNU CC on Sun
1066: systems.
1.1 root 1067:
1.1.1.5 root 1068: @item m88k-*-svr3
1069: Motorola m88k running the AT&T/Unisoft/Motorola V.3 reference port.
1070: These systems tend to use the Green Hills C, revision 1.8.5, as the
1071: standard C compiler. There are apparently bugs in this compiler that
1072: result in object files differences between stage 2 and stage 3. If this
1073: happens, make the stage 4 compiler and compare it to the stage 3
1074: compiler. If the stage 3 and stage 4 object files are identical, this
1075: suggests you encountered a problem with the standard C compiler; the
1076: stage 3 and 4 compilers may be usable.
1.1 root 1077:
1.1.1.5 root 1078: It is best, however, to use an older version of GNU CC for bootstrapping
1079: if you have one.
1.1 root 1080:
1.1.1.5 root 1081: @item m88k-*-dgux
1082: Motorola m88k running DG/UX. To build 88open BCS native or cross
1083: compilers on DG/UX, specify the configuration name as
1084: @samp{m88k-*-dguxbcs} and build in the 88open BCS software development
1085: environment. To build ELF native or cross compilers on DG/UX, specify
1086: @samp{m88k-*-dgux} and build in the DG/UX ELF development environment.
1087: You set the software development environment by issuing
1088: @samp{sde-target} command and specifying either @samp{m88kbcs} or
1089: @samp{m88kdguxelf} as the operand.
1.1 root 1090:
1.1.1.5 root 1091: If you do not specify a configuration name, @file{configure} guesses the
1092: configuration based on the current software development environment.
1.1 root 1093:
1.1.1.5 root 1094: @item m88k-tektronix-sysv3
1095: Tektronix XD88 running UTekV 3.2e. Do not turn on
1096: optimization while building stage1 if you bootstrap with
1097: the buggy Green Hills compiler. Also, The bundled LAI
1098: System V NFS is buggy so if you build in an NFS mounted
1099: directory, start from a fresh reboot, or avoid NFS all together.
1100: Otherwise you may have trouble getting clean comparisons
1101: between stages.
1.1 root 1102:
1.1.1.5 root 1103: @item mips-mips-bsd
1104: MIPS machines running the MIPS operating system in BSD mode. It's
1105: possible that some old versions of the system lack the functions
1106: @code{memcpy}, @code{memcmp}, and @code{memset}. If your system lacks
1107: these, you must remove or undo the definition of
1108: @code{TARGET_MEM_FUNCTIONS} in @file{mips-bsd.h}.
1.1 root 1109:
1.1.1.5 root 1110: The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size
1111: for switch statements with the @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500} option in
1112: order to compile @file{cp/parse.c}. If you use the @samp{-O2}
1113: optimization option, you also need to use @samp{-Olimit 3000}.
1114: Both of these options are automatically generated in the
1115: @file{Makefile} that the shell script @file{configure} builds.
1116: If you override the @code{CC} make variable and use the MIPS
1117: compilers, you may need to add @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit 3000}.
1.1 root 1118:
1.1.1.5 root 1119: @item mips-mips-riscos*
1120: The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size
1121: for switch statements with the @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500} option in
1122: order to compile @file{cp/parse.c}. If you use the @samp{-O2}
1123: optimization option, you also need to use @samp{-Olimit 3000}.
1124: Both of these options are automatically generated in the
1125: @file{Makefile} that the shell script @file{configure} builds.
1126: If you override the @code{CC} make variable and use the MIPS
1127: compilers, you may need to add @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit 3000}.
1.1 root 1128:
1.1.1.5 root 1129: MIPS computers running RISC-OS can support four different
1130: personalities: default, BSD 4.3, System V.3, and System V.4
1131: (older versions of RISC-OS don't support V.4). To configure GCC
1132: for these platforms use the following configurations:
1.1.1.4 root 1133:
1.1.1.5 root 1134: @table @samp
1135: @item mips-mips-riscos@code{rev}
1136: Default configuration for RISC-OS, revision @code{rev}.
1.1.1.4 root 1137:
1.1.1.5 root 1138: @item mips-mips-riscos@code{rev}bsd
1139: BSD 4.3 configuration for RISC-OS, revision @code{rev}.
1.1 root 1140:
1.1.1.5 root 1141: @item mips-mips-riscos@code{rev}sysv4
1142: System V.4 configuration for RISC-OS, revision @code{rev}.
1.1 root 1143:
1.1.1.5 root 1144: @item mips-mips-riscos@code{rev}sysv
1145: System V.3 configuration for RISC-OS, revision @code{rev}.
1146: @end table
1147:
1148: The revision @code{rev} mentioned above is the revision of
1149: RISC-OS to use. You must reconfigure GCC when going from a
1150: RISC-OS revision 4 to RISC-OS revision 5. This has the effect of
1151: avoiding a linker
1.1 root 1152: @ifclear INSTALLONLY
1.1.1.5 root 1153: bug (see @ref{Installation Problems}, for more details).
1.1 root 1154: @end ifclear
1155: @ifset INSTALLONLY
1.1.1.5 root 1156: bug.
1.1 root 1157: @end ifset
1158:
1.1.1.5 root 1159: @item mips-sgi-*
1160: In order to compile GCC on an SGI running IRIX 4, the "c.hdr.lib"
1161: option must be installed from the CD-ROM supplied from Silicon Graphics.
1162: This is found on the 2nd CD in release 4.0.1.
1163:
1.1.1.6 root 1164: In order to compile GCC on an SGI running IRIX 5, the "compiler_dev.hdr"
1165: subsystem must be installed from the IDO CD-ROM supplied by Silicon
1166: Graphics.
1167:
1.1.1.5 root 1168: @code{make compare} may fail on version 5 of IRIX unless you add
1169: @samp{-save-temps} to @code{CFLAGS}. On these systems, the name of the
1170: assembler input file is stored in the object file, and that makes
1171: comparison fail if it differs between the @code{stage1} and
1172: @code{stage2} compilations. The option @samp{-save-temps} forces a
1173: fixed name to be used for the assembler input file, instead of a
1174: randomly chosen name in @file{/tmp}. Do not add @samp{-save-temps}
1175: unless the comparisons fail without that option. If you do you
1176: @samp{-save-temps}, you will have to manually delete the @samp{.i} and
1177: @samp{.s} files after each series of compilations.
1.1 root 1178:
1.1.1.5 root 1179: The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size
1180: for switch statements with the @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500} option in
1181: order to compile @file{cp/parse.c}. If you use the @samp{-O2}
1182: optimization option, you also need to use @samp{-Olimit 3000}.
1183: Both of these options are automatically generated in the
1184: @file{Makefile} that the shell script @file{configure} builds.
1185: If you override the @code{CC} make variable and use the MIPS
1186: compilers, you may need to add @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit 3000}.
1.1 root 1187:
1.1.1.5 root 1188: On Irix version 4.0.5F, and perhaps on some other versions as well,
1189: there is an assembler bug that reorders instructions incorrectly. To
1190: work around it, specify the target configuration
1191: @samp{mips-sgi-irix4loser}. This configuration inhibits assembler
1192: optimization.
1.1 root 1193:
1.1.1.5 root 1194: In a compiler configured with target @samp{mips-sgi-irix4}, you can turn
1195: off assembler optimization by using the @samp{-noasmopt} option. This
1196: compiler option passes the option @samp{-O0} to the assembler, to
1197: inhibit reordering.
1.1.1.4 root 1198:
1.1.1.5 root 1199: The @samp{-noasmopt} option can be useful for testing whether a problem
1200: is due to erroneous assembler reordering. Even if a problem does not go
1201: away with @samp{-noasmopt}, it may still be due to assembler
1202: reordering---perhaps GNU CC itself was miscompiled as a result.
1.1.1.4 root 1203:
1.1.1.5 root 1204: To enable debugging under Irix 5, you must use GNU as 2.5 or later,
1.1.1.6 root 1205: and use the @samp{--with-gnu-as} configure option when configuring gcc.
1.1.1.5 root 1206: GNU as is distributed as part of the binutils package.
1.1.1.3 root 1207:
1.1.1.5 root 1208: @item mips-sony-sysv
1209: Sony MIPS NEWS. This works in NEWSOS 5.0.1, but not in 5.0.2 (which
1210: uses ELF instead of COFF). Support for 5.0.2 will probably be provided
1211: soon by volunteers. In particular, the linker does not like the
1212: code generated by GCC when shared libraries are linked in.
1.1 root 1213:
1.1.1.5 root 1214: @item ns32k-encore
1215: Encore ns32000 system. Encore systems are supported only under BSD.
1.1.1.3 root 1216:
1.1.1.5 root 1217: @item ns32k-*-genix
1218: National Semiconductor ns32000 system. Genix has bugs in @code{alloca}
1219: and @code{malloc}; you must get the compiled versions of these from GNU
1220: Emacs.
1.1 root 1221:
1.1.1.5 root 1222: @item ns32k-sequent
1223: Go to the Berkeley universe before compiling. In addition, you probably
1224: need to create a file named @file{string.h} containing just one line:
1225: @samp{#include <strings.h>}.
1.1.1.3 root 1226:
1.1.1.5 root 1227: @item ns32k-utek
1228: UTEK ns32000 system (``merlin''). The C compiler that comes with this
1229: system cannot compile GNU CC; contact @samp{tektronix!reed!mason} to get
1230: binaries of GNU CC for bootstrapping.
1.1.1.3 root 1231:
1.1.1.5 root 1232: @item romp-*-aos
1233: @itemx romp-*-mach
1234: The only operating systems supported for the IBM RT PC are AOS and
1235: MACH. GNU CC does not support AIX running on the RT. We recommend you
1236: compile GNU CC with an earlier version of itself; if you compile GNU CC
1237: with @code{hc}, the Metaware compiler, it will work, but you will get
1238: mismatches between the stage 2 and stage 3 compilers in various files.
1239: These errors are minor differences in some floating-point constants and
1240: can be safely ignored; the stage 3 compiler is correct.
1.1 root 1241:
1.1.1.5 root 1242: @item rs6000-*-aix
1243: @itemx powerpc-*-aix
1244: Various early versions of each release of the IBM XLC compiler will not
1245: bootstrap GNU CC. Symptoms include differences between the stage2 and
1246: stage3 object files, and errors when compiling @file{libgcc.a} or
1247: @file{enquire}. Known problematic releases include: xlc-1.2.1.8,
1248: xlc-1.3.0.0 (distributed with AIX 3.2.5), and xlc-1.3.0.19. Both
1249: xlc-1.2.1.28 and xlc-1.3.0.24 (PTF 432238) are known to produce working
1250: versions of GNU CC, but most other recent releases correctly bootstrap
1251: GNU CC. Also, releases of AIX prior to AIX 3.2.4 include a version of
1252: the IBM assembler which does not accept debugging directives: assembler
1.1.1.6 root 1253: updates are available as PTFs. Also, if you are using AIX 3.2.5 or
1254: greater and the GNU assembler, you must have a version modified after
1255: October 16th, 1995 in order for the GNU C compiler to build. See the
1256: file @file{README.RS6000} for more details on of these problems.
1.1 root 1257:
1.1.1.6 root 1258: GNU CC does not yet support the 64-bit PowerPC instructions.
1.1 root 1259:
1.1.1.6 root 1260: Objective C does not work on this architecture because it makes assumptions
1261: that are incompatible with the calling conventions.
1.1.1.2 root 1262:
1.1.1.5 root 1263: AIX on the RS/6000 provides support (NLS) for environments outside of
1264: the United States. Compilers and assemblers use NLS to support
1265: locale-specific representations of various objects including
1266: floating-point numbers ("." vs "," for separating decimal fractions).
1267: There have been problems reported where the library linked with GNU CC
1268: does not produce the same floating-point formats that the assembler
1269: accepts. If you have this problem, set the LANG environment variable to
1270: "C" or "En_US".
1271:
1.1.1.6 root 1272: Due to changes in the way that GNU CC invokes the binder (linker) for AIX
1273: 4.1, you may now receive warnings of duplicate symbols from the link step
1274: that were not reported before. The assembly files generated by GNU CC for
1275: AIX have always included multiple symbol definitions for certain global
1276: variable and function declarations in the original program. The warnings
1277: should not prevent the linker from producing a correct library or runnable
1278: executable.
1279:
1280: @item powerpc-*-elf
1281: @itemx powerpc-*-sysv4
1282: PowerPC system in big endian mode, running System V.4.
1283:
1284: This configuration is currently under development.
1285:
1286: @item powerpc-*-eabiaix
1287: Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode with -mcall-aix selected as
1288: the default. This system is currently under development.
1289:
1290: @item powerpc-*-eabisim
1291: Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode for use in running under the
1292: PSIM simulator. This system is currently under development.
1293:
1294: @item powerpc-*-eabi
1295: Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode.
1296:
1297: This configuration is currently under development.
1298:
1299: @item powerpcle-*-elf
1300: @itemx powerpcle-*-sysv4
1301: PowerPC system in little endian mode, running System V.4.
1302:
1303: This configuration is currently under development.
1304:
1305: @itemx powerpcle-*-sysv4
1306: Embedded PowerPC system in little endian mode.
1307:
1308: This system is currently under development.
1309:
1310: @item powerpcle-*-eabisim
1311: Embedded PowerPC system in little endian mode for use in running under
1312: the PSIM simulator.
1313:
1314: This system is currently under development.
1315:
1316: @itemx powerpcle-*-eabi
1317: Embedded PowerPC system in little endian mode.
1318:
1319: This configuration is currently under development.
1320:
1.1.1.5 root 1321: @item vax-dec-ultrix
1322: Don't try compiling with Vax C (@code{vcc}). It produces incorrect code
1323: in some cases (for example, when @code{alloca} is used).
1324:
1325: Meanwhile, compiling @file{cp/parse.c} with pcc does not work because of
1326: an internal table size limitation in that compiler. To avoid this
1327: problem, compile just the GNU C compiler first, and use it to recompile
1328: building all the languages that you want to run.
1329:
1330: @item sparc-sun-*
1331: See @ref{Sun Install}, for information on installing GNU CC on Sun
1332: systems.
1333:
1334: @item vax-dec-vms
1335: See @ref{VMS Install}, for details on how to install GNU CC on VMS.
1336:
1337: @item we32k-*-*
1338: These computers are also known as the 3b2, 3b5, 3b20 and other similar
1339: names. (However, the 3b1 is actually a 68000; see
1340: @ref{Configurations}.)
1341:
1342: Don't use @samp{-g} when compiling with the system's compiler. The
1343: system's linker seems to be unable to handle such a large program with
1344: debugging information.
1345:
1346: The system's compiler runs out of capacity when compiling @file{stmt.c}
1347: in GNU CC. You can work around this by building @file{cpp} in GNU CC
1348: first, then use that instead of the system's preprocessor with the
1349: system's C compiler to compile @file{stmt.c}. Here is how:
1350:
1351: @example
1352: mv /lib/cpp /lib/cpp.att
1353: cp cpp /lib/cpp.gnu
1354: echo '/lib/cpp.gnu -traditional $@{1+"$@@"@}' > /lib/cpp
1355: chmod +x /lib/cpp
1356: @end example
1357:
1358: The system's compiler produces bad code for some of the GNU CC
1359: optimization files. So you must build the stage 2 compiler without
1360: optimization. Then build a stage 3 compiler with optimization.
1361: That executable should work. Here are the necessary commands:
1.1.1.2 root 1362:
1.1.1.5 root 1363: @example
1364: make LANGUAGES=c CC=stage1/xgcc CFLAGS="-Bstage1/ -g"
1365: make stage2
1366: make CC=stage2/xgcc CFLAGS="-Bstage2/ -g -O"
1367: @end example
1368:
1369: You may need to raise the ULIMIT setting to build a C++ compiler,
1370: as the file @file{cc1plus} is larger than one megabyte.
1371: @end table
1.1 root 1372:
1373: @node Other Dir
1374: @section Compilation in a Separate Directory
1375: @cindex other directory, compilation in
1376: @cindex compilation in a separate directory
1377: @cindex separate directory, compilation in
1378:
1379: If you wish to build the object files and executables in a directory
1380: other than the one containing the source files, here is what you must
1381: do differently:
1382:
1383: @enumerate
1384: @item
1385: Make sure you have a version of Make that supports the @code{VPATH}
1386: feature. (GNU Make supports it, as do Make versions on most BSD
1387: systems.)
1388:
1389: @item
1390: If you have ever run @file{configure} in the source directory, you must undo
1391: the configuration. Do this by running:
1392:
1393: @example
1394: make distclean
1395: @end example
1396:
1397: @item
1398: Go to the directory in which you want to build the compiler before
1399: running @file{configure}:
1400:
1401: @example
1402: mkdir gcc-sun3
1403: cd gcc-sun3
1404: @end example
1405:
1406: On systems that do not support symbolic links, this directory must be
1407: on the same file system as the source code directory.
1408:
1409: @item
1410: Specify where to find @file{configure} when you run it:
1411:
1412: @example
1413: ../gcc/configure @dots{}
1414: @end example
1415:
1416: This also tells @code{configure} where to find the compiler sources;
1417: @code{configure} takes the directory from the file name that was used to
1418: invoke it. But if you want to be sure, you can specify the source
1419: directory with the @samp{--srcdir} option, like this:
1420:
1421: @example
1.1.1.5 root 1422: ../gcc/configure --srcdir=../gcc @var{other options}
1.1 root 1423: @end example
1424:
1425: The directory you specify with @samp{--srcdir} need not be the same
1426: as the one that @code{configure} is found in.
1427: @end enumerate
1428:
1429: Now, you can run @code{make} in that directory. You need not repeat the
1430: configuration steps shown above, when ordinary source files change. You
1431: must, however, run @code{configure} again when the configuration files
1432: change, if your system does not support symbolic links.
1433:
1434: @node Cross-Compiler
1435: @section Building and Installing a Cross-Compiler
1436: @cindex cross-compiler, installation
1437:
1438: GNU CC can function as a cross-compiler for many machines, but not all.
1439:
1440: @itemize @bullet
1441: @item
1.1.1.4 root 1442: Cross-compilers for the Mips as target using the Mips assembler
1443: currently do not work, because the auxiliary programs
1444: @file{mips-tdump.c} and @file{mips-tfile.c} can't be compiled on
1445: anything but a Mips. It does work to cross compile for a Mips
1446: if you use the GNU assembler and linker.
1.1 root 1447:
1448: @item
1.1.1.4 root 1449: Cross-compilers between machines with different floating point formats
1450: have not all been made to work. GNU CC now has a floating point
1451: emulator with which these can work, but each target machine description
1452: needs to be updated to take advantage of it.
1453:
1454: @item
1.1.1.5 root 1455: Cross-compilation between machines of different word sizes is
1456: somewhat problematic and sometimes does not work.
1.1 root 1457: @end itemize
1458:
1459: Since GNU CC generates assembler code, you probably need a
1460: cross-assembler that GNU CC can run, in order to produce object files.
1461: If you want to link on other than the target machine, you need a
1462: cross-linker as well. You also need header files and libraries suitable
1463: for the target machine that you can install on the host machine.
1464:
1.1.1.4 root 1465: @menu
1466: * Steps of Cross:: Using a cross-compiler involves several steps
1467: that may be carried out on different machines.
1468: * Configure Cross:: Configuring a cross-compiler.
1469: * Tools and Libraries:: Where to put the linker and assembler, and the C library.
1470: * Cross Headers:: Finding and installing header files
1471: for a cross-compiler.
1472: * Cross Runtime:: Supplying arithmetic runtime routines (@file{libgcc1.a}).
1473: * Build Cross:: Actually compiling the cross-compiler.
1474: @end menu
1475:
1476: @node Steps of Cross
1477: @subsection Steps of Cross-Compilation
1478:
1479: To compile and run a program using a cross-compiler involves several
1480: steps:
1481:
1482: @itemize @bullet
1483: @item
1484: Run the cross-compiler on the host machine to produce assembler files
1485: for the target machine. This requires header files for the target
1486: machine.
1487:
1488: @item
1489: Assemble the files produced by the cross-compiler. You can do this
1490: either with an assembler on the target machine, or with a
1491: cross-assembler on the host machine.
1492:
1493: @item
1494: Link those files to make an executable. You can do this either with a
1495: linker on the target machine, or with a cross-linker on the host
1496: machine. Whichever machine you use, you need libraries and certain
1497: startup files (typically @file{crt@dots{}.o}) for the target machine.
1498: @end itemize
1499:
1500: It is most convenient to do all of these steps on the same host machine,
1501: since then you can do it all with a single invocation of GNU CC. This
1502: requires a suitable cross-assembler and cross-linker. For some targets,
1503: the GNU assembler and linker are available.
1504:
1505: @node Configure Cross
1506: @subsection Configuring a Cross-Compiler
1507:
1.1 root 1508: To build GNU CC as a cross-compiler, you start out by running
1.1.1.5 root 1509: @file{configure}. Use the @samp{--target=@var{target}} to specify the
1510: target type. If @file{configure} was unable to correctly identify the
1511: system you are running on, also specify the @samp{--build=@var{build}}
1512: option. For example, here is how to configure for a cross-compiler that
1513: produces code for an HP 68030 system running BSD on a system that
1514: @file{configure} can correctly identify:
1.1 root 1515:
1.1.1.3 root 1516: @smallexample
1.1.1.5 root 1517: ./configure --target=m68k-hp-bsd4.3
1.1.1.3 root 1518: @end smallexample
1.1 root 1519:
1.1.1.4 root 1520: @node Tools and Libraries
1521: @subsection Tools and Libraries for a Cross-Compiler
1522:
1523: If you have a cross-assembler and cross-linker available, you should
1524: install them now. Put them in the directory
1525: @file{/usr/local/@var{target}/bin}. Here is a table of the tools
1526: you should put in this directory:
1527:
1528: @table @file
1529: @item as
1530: This should be the cross-assembler.
1531:
1532: @item ld
1533: This should be the cross-linker.
1534:
1535: @item ar
1536: This should be the cross-archiver: a program which can manipulate
1537: archive files (linker libraries) in the target machine's format.
1538:
1539: @item ranlib
1540: This should be a program to construct a symbol table in an archive file.
1541: @end table
1542:
1543: The installation of GNU CC will find these programs in that directory,
1544: and copy or link them to the proper place to for the cross-compiler to
1545: find them when run later.
1546:
1547: The easiest way to provide these files is to build the Binutils package
1548: and GAS. Configure them with the same @samp{--host} and @samp{--target}
1549: options that you use for configuring GNU CC, then build and install
1550: them. They install their executables automatically into the proper
1551: directory. Alas, they do not support all the targets that GNU CC
1552: supports.
1553:
1554: If you want to install libraries to use with the cross-compiler, such as
1555: a standard C library, put them in the directory
1556: @file{/usr/local/@var{target}/lib}; installation of GNU CC copies all
1557: all the files in that subdirectory into the proper place for GNU CC to
1558: find them and link with them. Here's an example of copying some
1559: libraries from a target machine:
1560:
1561: @example
1562: ftp @var{target-machine}
1563: lcd /usr/local/@var{target}/lib
1564: cd /lib
1565: get libc.a
1566: cd /usr/lib
1567: get libg.a
1568: get libm.a
1569: quit
1570: @end example
1571:
1572: @noindent
1573: The precise set of libraries you'll need, and their locations on
1574: the target machine, vary depending on its operating system.
1575:
1576: @cindex start files
1577: Many targets require ``start files'' such as @file{crt0.o} and
1578: @file{crtn.o} which are linked into each executable; these too should be
1579: placed in @file{/usr/local/@var{target}/lib}. There may be several
1580: alternatives for @file{crt0.o}, for use with profiling or other
1581: compilation options. Check your target's definition of
1582: @code{STARTFILE_SPEC} to find out what start files it uses.
1583: Here's an example of copying these files from a target machine:
1584:
1585: @example
1586: ftp @var{target-machine}
1587: lcd /usr/local/@var{target}/lib
1588: prompt
1589: cd /lib
1590: mget *crt*.o
1591: cd /usr/lib
1592: mget *crt*.o
1593: quit
1594: @end example
1595:
1596: @node Cross Runtime
1597: @subsection @file{libgcc.a} and Cross-Compilers
1598:
1599: Code compiled by GNU CC uses certain runtime support functions
1600: implicitly. Some of these functions can be compiled successfully with
1601: GNU CC itself, but a few cannot be. These problem functions are in the
1602: source file @file{libgcc1.c}; the library made from them is called
1603: @file{libgcc1.a}.
1604:
1605: When you build a native compiler, these functions are compiled with some
1606: other compiler--the one that you use for bootstrapping GNU CC.
1607: Presumably it knows how to open code these operations, or else knows how
1608: to call the run-time emulation facilities that the machine comes with.
1609: But this approach doesn't work for building a cross-compiler. The
1610: compiler that you use for building knows about the host system, not the
1611: target system.
1612:
1613: So, when you build a cross-compiler you have to supply a suitable
1614: library @file{libgcc1.a} that does the job it is expected to do.
1615:
1616: To compile @file{libgcc1.c} with the cross-compiler itself does not
1617: work. The functions in this file are supposed to implement arithmetic
1.1.1.6 root 1618: operations that GNU CC does not know how to open code for your target
1.1.1.4 root 1619: machine. If these functions are compiled with GNU CC itself, they
1620: will compile into infinite recursion.
1621:
1622: On any given target, most of these functions are not needed. If GNU CC
1623: can open code an arithmetic operation, it will not call these functions
1624: to perform the operation. It is possible that on your target machine,
1625: none of these functions is needed. If so, you can supply an empty
1626: library as @file{libgcc1.a}.
1627:
1628: Many targets need library support only for multiplication and division.
1629: If you are linking with a library that contains functions for
1630: multiplication and division, you can tell GNU CC to call them directly
1631: by defining the macros @code{MULSI3_LIBCALL}, and the like. These
1632: macros need to be defined in the target description macro file. For
1633: some targets, they are defined already. This may be sufficient to
1634: avoid the need for libgcc1.a; if so, you can supply an empty library.
1635:
1636: Some targets do not have floating point instructions; they need other
1637: functions in @file{libgcc1.a}, which do floating arithmetic.
1638: Recent versions of GNU CC have a file which emulates floating point.
1639: With a certain amount of work, you should be able to construct a
1640: floating point emulator that can be used as @file{libgcc1.a}. Perhaps
1641: future versions will contain code to do this automatically and
1642: conveniently. That depends on whether someone wants to implement it.
1643:
1.1.1.6 root 1644: Some embedded targets come with all the necessary @file{libgcc1.a}
1645: routines written in C or assembler. These targets build
1646: @file{libgcc1.a} automatically and you do not need to do anything
1647: special for them. Other embedded targets do not need any
1648: @file{libgcc1.a} routines since all the necessary operations are
1649: supported by the hardware.
1650:
1.1.1.4 root 1651: If your target system has another C compiler, you can configure GNU CC
1652: as a native compiler on that machine, build just @file{libgcc1.a} with
1653: @samp{make libgcc1.a} on that machine, and use the resulting file with
1654: the cross-compiler. To do this, execute the following on the target
1655: machine:
1656:
1657: @example
1658: cd @var{target-build-dir}
1.1.1.5 root 1659: ./configure --host=sparc --target=sun3
1.1.1.4 root 1660: make libgcc1.a
1661: @end example
1662:
1663: @noindent
1664: And then this on the host machine:
1665:
1666: @example
1667: ftp @var{target-machine}
1668: binary
1669: cd @var{target-build-dir}
1670: get libgcc1.a
1671: quit
1672: @end example
1673:
1674: Another way to provide the functions you need in @file{libgcc1.a} is to
1675: define the appropriate @code{perform_@dots{}} macros for those
1676: functions. If these definitions do not use the C arithmetic operators
1677: that they are meant to implement, you should be able to compile them
1678: with the cross-compiler you are building. (If these definitions already
1679: exist for your target file, then you are all set.)
1680:
1681: To build @file{libgcc1.a} using the perform macros, use
1682: @samp{LIBGCC1=libgcc1.a OLDCC=./xgcc} when building the compiler.
1683: Otherwise, you should place your replacement library under the name
1684: @file{libgcc1.a} in the directory in which you will build the
1685: cross-compiler, before you run @code{make}.
1686:
1687: @node Cross Headers
1688: @subsection Cross-Compilers and Header Files
1689:
1690: If you are cross-compiling a standalone program or a program for an
1691: embedded system, then you may not need any header files except the few
1692: that are part of GNU CC (and those of your program). However, if you
1693: intend to link your program with a standard C library such as
1694: @file{libc.a}, then you probably need to compile with the header files
1695: that go with the library you use.
1696:
1697: The GNU C compiler does not come with these files, because (1) they are
1698: system-specific, and (2) they belong in a C library, not in a compiler.
1699:
1700: If the GNU C library supports your target machine, then you can get the
1701: header files from there (assuming you actually use the GNU library when
1702: you link your program).
1703:
1704: If your target machine comes with a C compiler, it probably comes with
1705: suitable header files also. If you make these files accessible from the host
1706: machine, the cross-compiler can use them also.
1707:
1708: Otherwise, you're on your own in finding header files to use when
1709: cross-compiling.
1710:
1711: When you have found suitable header files, put them in
1712: @file{/usr/local/@var{target}/include}, before building the cross
1713: compiler. Then installation will run fixincludes properly and install
1714: the corrected versions of the header files where the compiler will use
1715: them.
1716:
1717: Provide the header files before you build the cross-compiler, because
1718: the build stage actually runs the cross-compiler to produce parts of
1719: @file{libgcc.a}. (These are the parts that @emph{can} be compiled with
1720: GNU CC.) Some of them need suitable header files.
1721:
1722: Here's an example showing how to copy the header files from a target
1723: machine. On the target machine, do this:
1724:
1725: @example
1726: (cd /usr/include; tar cf - .) > tarfile
1727: @end example
1728:
1729: Then, on the host machine, do this:
1730:
1731: @example
1732: ftp @var{target-machine}
1733: lcd /usr/local/@var{target}/include
1734: get tarfile
1735: quit
1736: tar xf tarfile
1737: @end example
1738:
1739: @node Build Cross
1740: @subsection Actually Building the Cross-Compiler
1.1.1.2 root 1741:
1742: Now you can proceed just as for compiling a single-machine compiler
1743: through the step of building stage 1. If you have not provided some
1744: sort of @file{libgcc1.a}, then compilation will give up at the point
1745: where it needs that file, printing a suitable error message. If you
1746: do provide @file{libgcc1.a}, then building the compiler will automatically
1.1.1.6 root 1747: compile and link a test program called @file{libgcc1-test}; if you get
1.1.1.2 root 1748: errors in the linking, it means that not all of the necessary routines
1749: in @file{libgcc1.a} are available.
1750:
1.1.1.6 root 1751: You must provide the header file @file{float.h}. One way to do this is
1752: to compile @file{enquire} and run it on your target machine. The job of
1753: @file{enquire} is to run on the target machine and figure out by
1754: experiment the nature of its floating point representation.
1755: @file{enquire} records its findings in the header file @file{float.h}.
1756: If you can't produce this file by running @file{enquire} on the target
1757: machine, then you will need to come up with a suitable @file{float.h} in
1758: some other way (or else, avoid using it in your programs).
1.1 root 1759:
1760: Do not try to build stage 2 for a cross-compiler. It doesn't work to
1761: rebuild GNU CC as a cross-compiler using the cross-compiler, because
1762: that would produce a program that runs on the target machine, not on the
1763: host. For example, if you compile a 386-to-68030 cross-compiler with
1764: itself, the result will not be right either for the 386 (because it was
1765: compiled into 68030 code) or for the 68030 (because it was configured
1766: for a 386 as the host). If you want to compile GNU CC into 68030 code,
1767: whether you compile it on a 68030 or with a cross-compiler on a 386, you
1768: must specify a 68030 as the host when you configure it.
1769:
1.1.1.4 root 1770: To install the cross-compiler, use @samp{make install}, as usual.
1771:
1.1 root 1772: @node Sun Install
1773: @section Installing GNU CC on the Sun
1774: @cindex Sun installation
1775: @cindex installing GNU CC on the Sun
1776:
1.1.1.3 root 1777: On Solaris (version 2.1), do not use the linker or other tools in
1778: @file{/usr/ucb} to build GNU CC. Use @code{/usr/ccs/bin}.
1779:
1.1 root 1780: Make sure the environment variable @code{FLOAT_OPTION} is not set when
1781: you compile @file{libgcc.a}. If this option were set to @code{f68881}
1782: when @file{libgcc.a} is compiled, the resulting code would demand to be
1783: linked with a special startup file and would not link properly without
1784: special pains.
1785:
1786: @cindex @code{alloca}, for SunOs
1787: There is a bug in @code{alloca} in certain versions of the Sun library.
1788: To avoid this bug, install the binaries of GNU CC that were compiled by
1789: GNU CC. They use @code{alloca} as a built-in function and never the one
1790: in the library.
1791:
1792: Some versions of the Sun compiler crash when compiling GNU CC. The
1793: problem is a segmentation fault in cpp. This problem seems to be due to
1794: the bulk of data in the environment variables. You may be able to avoid
1795: it by using the following command to compile GNU CC with Sun CC:
1796:
1797: @example
1798: make CC="TERMCAP=x OBJS=x LIBFUNCS=x STAGESTUFF=x cc"
1799: @end example
1800:
1.1.1.2 root 1801: @node VMS Install
1.1 root 1802: @section Installing GNU CC on VMS
1803: @cindex VMS installation
1804: @cindex installing GNU CC on VMS
1805:
1806: The VMS version of GNU CC is distributed in a backup saveset containing
1807: both source code and precompiled binaries.
1808:
1809: To install the @file{gcc} command so you can use the compiler easily, in
1810: the same manner as you use the VMS C compiler, you must install the VMS CLD
1811: file for GNU CC as follows:
1812:
1813: @enumerate
1814: @item
1815: Define the VMS logical names @samp{GNU_CC} and @samp{GNU_CC_INCLUDE}
1816: to point to the directories where the GNU CC executables
1.1.1.2 root 1817: (@file{gcc-cpp.exe}, @file{gcc-cc1.exe}, etc.) and the C include files are
1818: kept respectively. This should be done with the commands:@refill
1.1 root 1819:
1820: @smallexample
1821: $ assign /system /translation=concealed -
1822: disk:[gcc.] gnu_cc
1823: $ assign /system /translation=concealed -
1824: disk:[gcc.include.] gnu_cc_include
1825: @end smallexample
1826:
1827: @noindent
1828: with the appropriate disk and directory names. These commands can be
1829: placed in your system startup file so they will be executed whenever
1830: the machine is rebooted. You may, if you choose, do this via the
1831: @file{GCC_INSTALL.COM} script in the @file{[GCC]} directory.
1832:
1833: @item
1834: Install the @file{GCC} command with the command line:
1835:
1836: @smallexample
1837: $ set command /table=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables -
1838: /output=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables gnu_cc:[000000]gcc
1839: $ install replace sys$common:[syslib]dcltables
1840: @end smallexample
1841:
1842: @item
1843: To install the help file, do the following:
1844:
1845: @smallexample
1.1.1.2 root 1846: $ library/help sys$library:helplib.hlb gcc.hlp
1.1 root 1847: @end smallexample
1848:
1849: @noindent
1850: Now you can invoke the compiler with a command like @samp{gcc /verbose
1851: file.c}, which is equivalent to the command @samp{gcc -v -c file.c} in
1852: Unix.
1853: @end enumerate
1854:
1855: If you wish to use GNU C++ you must first install GNU CC, and then
1856: perform the following steps:
1857:
1858: @enumerate
1859: @item
1860: Define the VMS logical name @samp{GNU_GXX_INCLUDE} to point to the
1861: directory where the preprocessor will search for the C++ header files.
1862: This can be done with the command:@refill
1863:
1864: @smallexample
1865: $ assign /system /translation=concealed -
1866: disk:[gcc.gxx_include.] gnu_gxx_include
1867: @end smallexample
1868:
1869: @noindent
1870: with the appropriate disk and directory name. If you are going to be
1871: using libg++, this is where the libg++ install procedure will install
1872: the libg++ header files.
1873:
1874: @item
1875: Obtain the file @file{gcc-cc1plus.exe}, and place this in the same
1876: directory that @file{gcc-cc1.exe} is kept.
1877:
1878: The GNU C++ compiler can be invoked with a command like @samp{gcc /plus
1879: /verbose file.cc}, which is equivalent to the command @samp{g++ -v -c
1880: file.cc} in Unix.
1881: @end enumerate
1882:
1883: We try to put corresponding binaries and sources on the VMS distribution
1.1.1.2 root 1884: tape. But sometimes the binaries will be from an older version than the
1.1 root 1885: sources, because we don't always have time to update them. (Use the
1886: @samp{/version} option to determine the version number of the binaries and
1887: compare it with the source file @file{version.c} to tell whether this is
1888: so.) In this case, you should use the binaries you get to recompile the
1889: sources. If you must recompile, here is how:
1890:
1891: @enumerate
1892: @item
1.1.1.3 root 1893: Execute the command procedure @file{vmsconfig.com} to set up the files
1894: @file{tm.h}, @file{config.h}, @file{aux-output.c}, and @file{md.}, and
1895: to create files @file{tconfig.h} and @file{hconfig.h}. This procedure
1896: also creates several linker option files used by @file{make-cc1.com} and
1897: a data file used by @file{make-l2.com}.@refill
1.1.1.2 root 1898:
1899: @smallexample
1900: $ @@vmsconfig.com
1901: @end smallexample
1.1 root 1902:
1903: @item
1904: Setup the logical names and command tables as defined above. In
1905: addition, define the VMS logical name @samp{GNU_BISON} to point at the
1906: to the directories where the Bison executable is kept. This should be
1907: done with the command:@refill
1908:
1909: @smallexample
1910: $ assign /system /translation=concealed -
1911: disk:[bison.] gnu_bison
1912: @end smallexample
1913:
1914: You may, if you choose, use the @file{INSTALL_BISON.COM} script in the
1915: @file{[BISON]} directory.
1916:
1917: @item
1918: Install the @samp{BISON} command with the command line:@refill
1919:
1920: @smallexample
1921: $ set command /table=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables -
1922: /output=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables -
1923: gnu_bison:[000000]bison
1924: $ install replace sys$common:[syslib]dcltables
1925: @end smallexample
1926:
1927: @item
1.1.1.3 root 1928: Type @samp{@@make-gcc} to recompile everything (alternatively, submit
1929: the file @file{make-gcc.com} to a batch queue). If you wish to build
1930: the GNU C++ compiler as well as the GNU CC compiler, you must first edit
1931: @file{make-gcc.com} and follow the instructions that appear in the
1932: comments.@refill
1.1 root 1933:
1934: @item
1935: In order to use GCC, you need a library of functions which GCC compiled code
1936: will call to perform certain tasks, and these functions are defined in the
1937: file @file{libgcc2.c}. To compile this you should use the command procedure
1938: @file{make-l2.com}, which will generate the library @file{libgcc2.olb}.
1939: @file{libgcc2.olb} should be built using the compiler built from
1940: the same distribution that @file{libgcc2.c} came from, and
1941: @file{make-gcc.com} will automatically do all of this for you.
1942:
1943: To install the library, use the following commands:@refill
1944:
1945: @smallexample
1.1.1.2 root 1946: $ library gnu_cc:[000000]gcclib/delete=(new,eprintf)
1.1.1.3 root 1947: $ library gnu_cc:[000000]gcclib/delete=L_*
1.1.1.2 root 1948: $ library libgcc2/extract=*/output=libgcc2.obj
1949: $ library gnu_cc:[000000]gcclib libgcc2.obj
1.1 root 1950: @end smallexample
1951:
1.1.1.3 root 1952: The first command simply removes old modules that will be replaced with
1953: modules from @file{libgcc2} under different module names. The modules
1954: @code{new} and @code{eprintf} may not actually be present in your
1955: @file{gcclib.olb}---if the VMS librarian complains about those modules
1956: not being present, simply ignore the message and continue on with the
1957: next command. The second command removes the modules that came from the
1958: previous version of the library @file{libgcc2.c}.
1.1 root 1959:
1960: Whenever you update the compiler on your system, you should also update the
1961: library with the above procedure.
1962:
1.1.1.2 root 1963: @item
1.1 root 1964: You may wish to build GCC in such a way that no files are written to the
1965: directory where the source files reside. An example would be the when
1966: the source files are on a read-only disk. In these cases, execute the
1967: following DCL commands (substituting your actual path names):
1968:
1969: @smallexample
1.1.1.2 root 1970: $ assign dua0:[gcc.build_dir.]/translation=concealed, -
1971: dua1:[gcc.source_dir.]/translation=concealed gcc_build
1.1 root 1972: $ set default gcc_build:[000000]
1973: @end smallexample
1974:
1.1.1.3 root 1975: @noindent
1976: where the directory @file{dua1:[gcc.source_dir]} contains the source
1977: code, and the directory @file{dua0:[gcc.build_dir]} is meant to contain
1978: all of the generated object files and executables. Once you have done
1979: this, you can proceed building GCC as described above. (Keep in mind
1980: that @file{gcc_build} is a rooted logical name, and thus the device
1981: names in each element of the search list must be an actual physical
1982: device name rather than another rooted logical name).
1.1 root 1983:
1.1.1.2 root 1984: @item
1.1 root 1985: @strong{If you are building GNU CC with a previous version of GNU CC,
1986: you also should check to see that you have the newest version of the
1987: assembler}. In particular, GNU CC version 2 treats global constant
1988: variables slightly differently from GNU CC version 1, and GAS version
1989: 1.38.1 does not have the patches required to work with GCC version 2.
1990: If you use GAS 1.38.1, then @code{extern const} variables will not have
1991: the read-only bit set, and the linker will generate warning messages
1992: about mismatched psect attributes for these variables. These warning
1993: messages are merely a nuisance, and can safely be ignored.
1994:
1995: If you are compiling with a version of GNU CC older than 1.33, specify
1996: @samp{/DEFINE=("inline=")} as an option in all the compilations. This
1997: requires editing all the @code{gcc} commands in @file{make-cc1.com}.
1998: (The older versions had problems supporting @code{inline}.) Once you
1999: have a working 1.33 or newer GNU CC, you can change this file back.
1.1.1.2 root 2000:
2001: @item
2002: If you want to build GNU CC with the VAX C compiler, you will need to
2003: make minor changes in @file{make-cccp.com} and @file{make-cc1.com}
2004: to choose alternate definitions of @code{CC}, @code{CFLAGS}, and
2005: @code{LIBS}. See comments in those files. However, you must
2006: also have a working version of the GNU assembler (GNU as, aka GAS) as
2007: it is used as the back-end for GNU CC to produce binary object modules
2008: and is not included in the GNU CC sources. GAS is also needed to
2009: compile @file{libgcc2} in order to build @file{gcclib} (see above);
2010: @file{make-l2.com} expects to be able to find it operational in
2011: @file{gnu_cc:[000000]gnu-as.exe}.
2012:
2013: To use GNU CC on VMS, you need the VMS driver programs
2014: @file{gcc.exe}, @file{gcc.com}, and @file{gcc.cld}. They are
2015: distributed with the VMS binaries (@file{gcc-vms}) rather than the
2016: GNU CC sources. GAS is also included in @file{gcc-vms}, as is Bison.
2017:
2018: Once you have successfully built GNU CC with VAX C, you should use the
2019: resulting compiler to rebuild itself. Before doing this, be sure to
2020: restore the @code{CC}, @code{CFLAGS}, and @code{LIBS} definitions in
2021: @file{make-cccp.com} and @file{make-cc1.com}. The second generation
2022: compiler will be able to take advantage of many optimizations that must
2023: be suppressed when building with other compilers.
1.1 root 2024: @end enumerate
2025:
2026: Under previous versions of GNU CC, the generated code would occasionally
1.1.1.2 root 2027: give strange results when linked with the sharable @file{VAXCRTL} library.
1.1 root 2028: Now this should work.
2029:
1.1.1.2 root 2030: Even with this version, however, GNU CC itself should not be linked with
2031: the sharable @file{VAXCRTL}. The version of @code{qsort} in
2032: @file{VAXCRTL} has a bug (known to be present in VMS versions V4.6
2033: through V5.5) which causes the compiler to fail.
1.1 root 2034:
1.1.1.3 root 2035: The executables are generated by @file{make-cc1.com} and
1.1.1.2 root 2036: @file{make-cccp.com} use the object library version of @file{VAXCRTL} in
2037: order to make use of the @code{qsort} routine in @file{gcclib.olb}. If
2038: you wish to link the compiler executables with the shareable image
2039: version of @file{VAXCRTL}, you should edit the file @file{tm.h} (created
2040: by @file{vmsconfig.com}) to define the macro @code{QSORT_WORKAROUND}.
2041:
2042: @code{QSORT_WORKAROUND} is always defined when GNU CC is compiled with
2043: VAX C, to avoid a problem in case @file{gcclib.olb} is not yet
2044: available.
2045:
1.1.1.3 root 2046: @node Collect2
2047: @section @code{collect2}
2048:
2049: Many target systems do not have support in the assembler and linker for
2050: ``constructors''---initialization functions to be called before the
2051: official ``start'' of @code{main}. On such systems, GNU CC uses a
2052: utility called @code{collect2} to arrange to call these functions at
2053: start time.
2054:
2055: The program @code{collect2} works by linking the program once and
2056: looking through the linker output file for symbols with particular names
2057: indicating they are constructor functions. If it finds any, it
2058: creates a new temporary @samp{.c} file containing a table of them,
2059: compiles it, and links the program a second time including that file.
2060:
1.1.1.5 root 2061: @findex __main
2062: @cindex constructors, automatic calls
1.1.1.3 root 2063: The actual calls to the constructors are carried out by a subroutine
2064: called @code{__main}, which is called (automatically) at the beginning
2065: of the body of @code{main} (provided @code{main} was compiled with GNU
1.1.1.5 root 2066: CC). Calling @code{__main} is necessary, even when compiling C code, to
2067: allow linking C and C++ object code together. (If you use
2068: @samp{-nostdlib}, you get an unresolved reference to @code{__main},
2069: since it's defined in the standard GCC library. Include @samp{-lgcc} at
2070: the end of your compiler command line to resolve this reference.)
1.1.1.3 root 2071:
2072: The program @code{collect2} is installed as @code{ld} in the directory
2073: where the passes of the compiler are installed. When @code{collect2}
2074: needs to find the @emph{real} @code{ld}, it tries the following file
2075: names:
2076:
2077: @itemize @bullet
2078: @item
1.1.1.5 root 2079: @file{real-ld} in the directories listed in the compiler's search
1.1.1.3 root 2080: directories.
2081:
2082: @item
1.1.1.5 root 2083: @file{real-ld} in the directories listed in the environment variable
1.1.1.3 root 2084: @code{PATH}.
2085:
2086: @item
1.1.1.5 root 2087: The file specified in the @code{REAL_LD_FILE_NAME} configuration macro,
2088: if specified.
1.1.1.3 root 2089:
2090: @item
1.1.1.5 root 2091: @file{ld} in the compiler's search directories, except that
2092: @code{collect2} will not execute itself recursively.
1.1.1.3 root 2093:
2094: @item
2095: @file{ld} in @code{PATH}.
2096: @end itemize
2097:
2098: ``The compiler's search directories'' means all the directories where
2099: @code{gcc} searches for passes of the compiler. This includes
2100: directories that you specify with @samp{-B}.
2101:
1.1.1.4 root 2102: Cross-compilers search a little differently:
1.1.1.3 root 2103:
2104: @itemize @bullet
2105: @item
1.1.1.5 root 2106: @file{real-ld} in the compiler's search directories.
1.1.1.3 root 2107:
2108: @item
1.1.1.5 root 2109: @file{@var{target}-real-ld} in @code{PATH}.
1.1.1.3 root 2110:
2111: @item
1.1.1.5 root 2112: The file specified in the @code{REAL_LD_FILE_NAME} configuration macro,
2113: if specified.
1.1.1.3 root 2114:
2115: @item
1.1.1.5 root 2116: @file{ld} in the compiler's search directories.
1.1.1.3 root 2117:
2118: @item
2119: @file{@var{target}-ld} in @code{PATH}.
2120: @end itemize
2121:
1.1.1.5 root 2122: @code{collect2} explicitly avoids running @code{ld} using the file name
2123: under which @code{collect2} itself was invoked. In fact, it remembers
2124: up a list of such names---in case one copy of @code{collect2} finds
2125: another copy (or version) of @code{collect2} installed as @code{ld} in a
2126: second place in the search path.
2127:
2128: @code{collect2} searches for the utilities @code{nm} and @code{strip}
2129: using the same algorithm as above for @code{ld}.
1.1.1.4 root 2130:
2131: @node Header Dirs
2132: @section Standard Header File Directories
2133:
2134: @code{GCC_INCLUDE_DIR} means the same thing for native and cross. It is
2135: where GNU CC stores its private include files, and also where GNU CC
2136: stores the fixed include files. A cross compiled GNU CC runs
2137: @code{fixincludes} on the header files in @file{$(tooldir)/include}.
2138: (If the cross compilation header files need to be fixed, they must be
2139: installed before GNU CC is built. If the cross compilation header files
2140: are already suitable for ANSI C and GNU CC, nothing special need be
2141: done).
2142:
2143: @code{GPLUS_INCLUDE_DIR} means the same thing for native and cross. It
2144: is where @code{g++} looks first for header files. @code{libg++}
2145: installs only target independent header files in that directory.
2146:
2147: @code{LOCAL_INCLUDE_DIR} is used only for a native compiler. It is
2148: normally @file{/usr/local/include}. GNU CC searches this directory so
2149: that users can install header files in @file{/usr/local/include}.
2150:
2151: @code{CROSS_INCLUDE_DIR} is used only for a cross compiler. GNU CC
2152: doesn't install anything there.
2153:
2154: @code{TOOL_INCLUDE_DIR} is used for both native and cross compilers. It
2155: is the place for other packages to install header files that GNU CC will
2156: use. For a cross-compiler, this is the equivalent of
2157: @file{/usr/include}. When you build a cross-compiler,
2158: @code{fixincludes} processes any header files in this directory.

unix.superglobalmegacorp.com

This archive runs on limited infrastructure. Preserving old code on modern bandwidth. Automated agents are requested to crawl responsibly.