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Annotation of lucent/sys/man/1/acid, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH ACID 1
        !             2: .SH NAME
        !             3: acid \- debugger
        !             4: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             5: .B acid
        !             6: [
        !             7: .BI -l " libfile
        !             8: ]
        !             9: [
        !            10: .B -wq
        !            11: ] [
        !            12: .B -m
        !            13: .I machine
        !            14: ] [
        !            15: .I pid
        !            16: ]
        !            17: [
        !            18: .I textfile
        !            19: ]
        !            20: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            21: .I Acid
        !            22: is a programmable symbolic debugger.
        !            23: It can inspect one or more processes that share an address space.
        !            24: A program to be debugged may be specified by the process id of
        !            25: a running or defunct process,
        !            26: or by the name of the program's text file 
        !            27: .RB ( v.out
        !            28: by default).
        !            29: At the prompt,
        !            30: .I acid
        !            31: will store function definitions or print the value of expressions.
        !            32: Options are
        !            33: .TP .9i
        !            34: .B -w
        !            35: Allow the textfile to be modified.
        !            36: .TP
        !            37: .B -q
        !            38: Don't print variable renamings at startup.
        !            39: .TP
        !            40: .BI -l " library
        !            41: Load from 
        !            42: .I library
        !            43: at startup; see below.
        !            44: .TP
        !            45: .BI -m " machine
        !            46: Assume instructions are for the given CPU type
        !            47: (one of
        !            48: .BR 3210 ,
        !            49: .BR 386 ,
        !            50: .BR 68020 ,
        !            51: .BR 960 ,
        !            52: .BR mips ,
        !            53: .BR mipsco ,
        !            54: .BR sparc ,
        !            55: or
        !            56: .BR sunsparc )
        !            57: instead of using the magic number to select
        !            58: the CPU type.
        !            59: .PP
        !            60: At startup,
        !            61: .I acid
        !            62: obtains standard function definitions from the library file
        !            63: .BR /lib/acid/port ,
        !            64: architecture-dependent functions from
        !            65: .BR /lib/acid/$objtype ,
        !            66: user-specified functions from
        !            67: .BR $home/lib/acid ,
        !            68: and further functions from 
        !            69: .B -l
        !            70: files.
        !            71: Definitions in any file may override previously defined functions.
        !            72: If the function
        !            73: .IR acidinit ()
        !            74: is defined, it will be invoked after all modules have been loaded.
        !            75: See
        !            76: .IR 2c (1)
        !            77: and
        !            78: .IR alef (1)
        !            79: for information about creating
        !            80: .I acid
        !            81: functions for examining data structures.
        !            82: .SS Language
        !            83: Symbols of the program being debugged become integer 
        !            84: variables whose values are addresses.
        !            85: Contents of addresses are obtained by indirection.
        !            86: Local variables are qualified by
        !            87: function name, for example
        !            88: .BR main:argv .
        !            89: When program symbols conflict with
        !            90: .I acid
        !            91: words, distinguishing 
        !            92: .B $
        !            93: signs are prefixed.
        !            94: Such renamings are reported at startup; option
        !            95: .B -q
        !            96: suppresses them.
        !            97: .PP
        !            98: Variable types
        !            99: .RI ( "integer, float, list, string" )
        !           100: and formats are inferred from assignments.
        !           101: Truth values false/true are attributed to zero/nonzero
        !           102: integers or floats and to empty/nonempty lists or strings.
        !           103: Lists are sequences of expressions surrounded by
        !           104: .BR {\^} 
        !           105: and separated by commas.
        !           106: .PP
        !           107: Expressions are much as in C or Alef,
        !           108: but yield both a value and a format.
        !           109: Alef-style casts to complex types are allowed.
        !           110: Lists admit the following operators, with
        !           111: subscripts counted from 0.
        !           112: .IP
        !           113: .BI head " list
        !           114: .br
        !           115: .BI tail " list
        !           116: .br
        !           117: .BI append " list", " element
        !           118: .br
        !           119: .BI delete " list", " subscript
        !           120: .PP
        !           121: Format codes are the same as in
        !           122: .IR db (1).
        !           123: Formats may be attached to (unary) expressions with
        !           124: .BR \e ,
        !           125: e.g.
        !           126: .BR (32*7)\eD .
        !           127: There are two indirection operators,
        !           128: .B *
        !           129: to address a core image,
        !           130: .B @
        !           131: to address a text file.
        !           132: The type and format of the result are determined by the format of the operand,
        !           133: whose type must be integer.
        !           134: .PP
        !           135: Statements are
        !           136: .IP
        !           137: .BI if " expr " then " statement " "\fR[ \fPelse\fI statement \fR]
        !           138: .br
        !           139: .BI while " expr " do " statement
        !           140: .br
        !           141: .BI loop " expr" , " expr " do " statement
        !           142: .br
        !           143: .BI defn " name" ( args ") {" " statement \fP}
        !           144: .br
        !           145: .BI local " name
        !           146: .br
        !           147: .BI return " expr
        !           148: .br
        !           149: .BR whatis " [ \fI name \fP]
        !           150: .PP
        !           151: Here is a partial list of functions; see the manual for a complete list.
        !           152: .TF asm(address)
        !           153: .TP
        !           154: .B stk()
        !           155: Print a stack trace for current process.
        !           156: .TP
        !           157: .B lstk()
        !           158: Print a stack trace with values of local variables.
        !           159: .TP
        !           160: .B gpr()
        !           161: Print general registers.
        !           162: Registers can also be accessed by name, for example
        !           163: .BR *R0 .
        !           164: .TP
        !           165: .B spr()
        !           166: Print special registers such as program counter and stack pointer.
        !           167: .TP
        !           168: .B fpr()
        !           169: Print floating-point registers.
        !           170: .TP
        !           171: .B regs()
        !           172: Same as
        !           173: .BR spr();gpr() .
        !           174: .TP
        !           175: .BI fmt( expr , format )
        !           176: Expression 
        !           177: .I expr
        !           178: with format given by the character value of expression
        !           179: .IR format .
        !           180: .TP
        !           181: .BI src( address )
        !           182: Print 10 lines of source around the program address.
        !           183: .TP
        !           184: .BI Bsrc( address )
        !           185: Get the source line for the program address
        !           186: into a window of a running
        !           187: .IR sam (1)
        !           188: and select it.
        !           189: .TP
        !           190: .BI line( address )
        !           191: Print source line nearest to the program address.
        !           192: .TP
        !           193: .B source()
        !           194: List current source directories.
        !           195: .TP
        !           196: .BI addsrcdir( string )
        !           197: Add a source directory to the list.
        !           198: .TP
        !           199: .BI filepc( where )
        !           200: Convert a string of the form 
        !           201: .IB sourcefile : linenumber
        !           202: to a machine address.
        !           203: .TP
        !           204: .BI pcfile( address )
        !           205: Convert a machine address to a source file name.
        !           206: .TP
        !           207: .BI pcline( address )
        !           208: Convert a machine address to a source line number.
        !           209: .TP
        !           210: .BI bptab()
        !           211: List breakpoints set in the current process.
        !           212: .TP
        !           213: .BI bpset( address )
        !           214: Set a breakpoint in the current process at the given address.
        !           215: .TP
        !           216: .BI bpdel( address )
        !           217: Delete a breakpoint from the current process.
        !           218: .TP
        !           219: .B cont()
        !           220: Continue execution of current process and wait for it to stop.
        !           221: .TP
        !           222: .B step()
        !           223: Execute a single machine instruction in the current process.
        !           224: .TP
        !           225: .B func()
        !           226: Step repeatedly until after a function return.
        !           227: .TP
        !           228: .BI stopped( pid )
        !           229: This replaceable function is called automatically when the given process
        !           230: stops.
        !           231: It normally prints the program counter and returns to the prompt.
        !           232: .TP
        !           233: .BI asm( address )
        !           234: Disassemble 30 machine instructions beginning at the given address.
        !           235: .TP
        !           236: .BI mem( address , string )
        !           237: Print a block of memory
        !           238: interpreted according to a string of format codes.
        !           239: .TP
        !           240: .BI dump( address , n , string\fP)
        !           241: Like
        !           242: .BR mem (),
        !           243: repeated for 
        !           244: .I n
        !           245: consecutive blocks.
        !           246: .TP
        !           247: .BI print( expr , ... )
        !           248: Print the values of the expressions.
        !           249: .TP
        !           250: .BI newproc( arguments )
        !           251: Start a new process with arguments given as a string
        !           252: and halt at the first instruction.
        !           253: .TP
        !           254: .B new()
        !           255: Like 
        !           256: .IR newproc (),
        !           257: but take arguments (except
        !           258: .BR argv[0] )
        !           259: from string variable
        !           260: .BR progargs .
        !           261: .TP
        !           262: .B win()
        !           263: Like 
        !           264: .IR new (),
        !           265: but run the process in a separate window.
        !           266: .TP
        !           267: .BI start( pid )
        !           268: Start a stopped process.
        !           269: .TP
        !           270: .BI kill( pid )
        !           271: Kill the given process.
        !           272: .TP
        !           273: .BI setproc( pid )
        !           274: Make the given process current.
        !           275: .TP
        !           276: .BI rc( string )
        !           277: Escape to the shell,
        !           278: .IR rc (1),
        !           279: to execute the command string.
        !           280: .SH EXAMPLES
        !           281: Start to debug
        !           282: .BR /bin/ls ;
        !           283: set some breakpoints; run up to the first one:
        !           284: .IP
        !           285: .EX
        !           286: % acid /bin/ls
        !           287: /bin/ls: mips plan 9 executable
        !           288: /lib/acid/port
        !           289: /lib/acid/mips
        !           290: acid: new()
        !           291: 70094: system call     _main   ADD     $-0x14,R29
        !           292: 70094: breakpoint      main+0x4        MOVW    R31,0x0(R29)
        !           293: acid: pid
        !           294: 70094
        !           295: acid: argv0 = **main:argv\es
        !           296: acid: whatis argv0
        !           297: integer variable format s
        !           298: acid: *argv0
        !           299: /bin/ls
        !           300: acid: bpset(ls)
        !           301: acid: cont()
        !           302: 70094: breakpoint  ls  ADD     $-0x16c8,R29
        !           303: acid: 
        !           304: .EE
        !           305: .PP
        !           306: Display elements of a linked list of structures:
        !           307: .IP
        !           308: .EX
        !           309: complex Str { 'D' 0 val; 'X' 4 next; };
        !           310: complex Str s;
        !           311: s = *headstr;
        !           312: while s != 0 do{
        !           313:        print(s.val, "\en");
        !           314:        s = s.next;
        !           315: }
        !           316: .EE
        !           317: .PP
        !           318: Note the use of the
        !           319: .B .
        !           320: operator instead of
        !           321: .BR -> .
        !           322: .PP
        !           323: Display an array of bytes declared in C as
        !           324: .BR "char array[]" .
        !           325: .IP
        !           326: .EX
        !           327: *(array\es)
        !           328: .EE
        !           329: .PP
        !           330: This example gives
        !           331: .B array
        !           332: string format, then prints the string beginning at the address (in
        !           333: .I acid
        !           334: notation)
        !           335: .BR *array .
        !           336: .SH FILES
        !           337: .B /proc/*/text
        !           338: .br
        !           339: .B /proc/*/mem
        !           340: .br
        !           341: .B /proc/*/ctl
        !           342: .br
        !           343: .B /proc/*/note
        !           344: .br
        !           345: .B /lib/acid/$objtype
        !           346: .br
        !           347: .B /lib/acid/port
        !           348: .br
        !           349: .B $home/lib/acid
        !           350: .SH SOURCE
        !           351: .B /sys/src/cmd/acid
        !           352: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           353: .IR 2a (1),
        !           354: .IR 2c (1),
        !           355: .IR 2l (1),
        !           356: .IR alef (1),
        !           357: .IR mk (1),
        !           358: .IR db (1)
        !           359: .br
        !           360: Phil Winterbottom,
        !           361: ``Acid Manual''.
        !           362: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !           363: At termination, kill commands are proposed
        !           364: for processes that are still active.
        !           365: .SH BUGS
        !           366: There is no way to redirect the standard input and standard output
        !           367: of a new process.
        !           368: .br
        !           369: Source line selection near the beginning of a file may pick
        !           370: an adjacent file.
        !           371: .br
        !           372: With the extant stepping commands, one cannot step through instructions
        !           373: outside the text segment and it is hard to debug across process forks.

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