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1.1 root 1: .TH GS 1
2: .\"- -*- nroff -*- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
3: .\"
4: .\"This file describes version 3.0 of Aladdin Ghostscript.
5: .\"It is edited from gs.1 supplied with Ghostscript, to
6: .\"document the local installation and remove
7: .\"needless background. See that file for more information.
8: .\"
9: .\"- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
10: .de TQ
11: .br
12: .ns
13: .TP \\$1
14: ..
15: .SH NAME
16: gs \- Aladdin Ghostscript (PostScript) interpreter
17: .SH SYNOPSIS
18: .B gs
19: [
20: .I options
21: ] [
22: .I files
23: ] ...
24: .br
25: .SH DESCRIPTION
26: Ghostscript is a programming language similar to Adobe Systems'
27: PostScript language, which is in turn similar to Forth.
28: .I Gs
29: reads
30: .I files
31: in sequence and executes them as Ghostscript programs.
32: After doing this, it reads further input from the standard input.
33: If the
34: .I file
35: .B -
36: is named, however, it represents the standard input, which is read
37: in order and not after the files on the command line.
38: Each line is interpreted separately.
39: The `quit' command, or end-of-file, exits the interpreter.
40: .PP
41: The interpreter recognizes several switches described below, which may appear
42: anywhere in the command line and apply to all files thereafter.
43: .PP
44: The
45: .B -h
46: or
47: .B -?
48: options give help and list the available devices; the default is
49: .BR dfaxlow,
50: which produces CCITT Group 3 fax files suitable for viewing with
51: .IR page (1)
52: (but note that
53: .IR page (1)
54: will invoke
55: .I gs
56: automatically; see its manual).
57: .PP
58: Ghostscript may be built with multiple output devices. Ghostscript
59: normally opens the first one and directs output to it. To use device xyz
60: as the initial output device, include the switch
61: .EX
62: -sDEVICE=xyz
63: .EE
64: in the command line. This switch must precede the first PostScript
65: file and only its first invocation has any effect.
66: Output devices can also be selected by the word
67: .B selectdevice
68: in the input language, or by setting the environment variable
69: .BR GS_DEVICE .
70: The order of precedence for
71: these alternatives, highest to lowest, is:
72: .EX
73: selectdevice
74: \f1(command line)\fP
75: GS_DEVICE
76: dfaxlow
77: .EE
78: .PP
79: Normally, output goes
80: directly to a scratch file.
81: To send the output to a series of files
82: .BR foo1.xyz ,
83: .BR foo2.xyz ,
84: etc., use the switch
85: .EX
86: -sOUTPUTFILE=foo%d.xyz
87: .EE
88: The %d may be any
89: .I printf
90: (see
91: .IR fprintf (2))
92: format specification. Each file will receive one page of output.
93: If the file name begins with a pipe character,
94: the output will be sent as standard input to the following pipeline.
95: For example,
96: .EX
97: -sOUTPUTFILE=|lp
98: .EE
99: Specifying the file
100: .B -
101: will send the files to standard output; this also requires enabling the
102: .B -q
103: option.
104: .SS "Initialization files"
105: When looking for the initialization files
106: .RB ( gs_*.ps ),
107: the files related
108: to fonts, or the file for the
109: .B run
110: operator, Ghostscript first looks for the file (if
111: it doesn't start with a slash) in the current directory, then in these
112: directories in the following order:
113: .TP
114: 1.
115: Any directories specified by
116: .B -I
117: switches in the command
118: line (see below);
119: .TP
120: 2.
121: Any directories specified by the
122: .B GS_LIB
123: environment variable;
124: .TP
125: 3.
126: The directories
127: .BR /sys/lib/ghostscript ,
128: .BR /sys/lib/ghostscript/font ,
129: and
130: .BR /sys/lib/postscript/font .
131: .PP
132: The
133: .B GS_LIB
134: or
135: .B -I
136: parameters may be
137: a single directory or a colon-separated list.
138: ....SH X RESOURCES
139: ...Ghostscript looks for the following resources under the program name
140: ...`Ghostscript':
141: ....TP
142: ....B borderWidth
143: ...The border width in pixels (default = 1).
144: ....TP
145: ....B borderColor
146: ...The name of the border color (default = black).
147: ....TP
148: ....B geometry
149: ...The window size and placement, WxH+X+Y (default is NULL).
150: ....TP
151: ....B xResolution
152: ...The number of x pixels per inch (default is computed from WidthOfScreen
153: ...and WidthMMOfScreen).
154: ....TP
155: ....B yResolution
156: ...The number of y pixels per inch (default is computed from
157: ...HeightOfScreen and HeightMMOfScreen).
158: ....TP
159: ....B useBackingPixmap
160: ...Determines whether backing store is to be used for saving display window
161: ...(default = true).
162: ....PP
163: ...See the file `use.doc' for a more complete list of resources.
164: ....PP
165: ...To set these resources, put them in a file (such as ~/.Xresources) in the
166: ...following form:
167: ....sp
168: ....nf
169: ... Ghostscript*geometry: 612x792\-0+0
170: ... Ghostscript*xResolution: 72
171: ... Ghostscript*yResolution: 72
172: ....fi
173: ....PP
174: ...Then load the defaults into the X server:
175: ....sp
176: ....nf
177: ... % xrdb \-merge ~/.Xresources
178: ....fi
179: .SS Options
180: .TP
181: .BI -- " filename arg1 ..."
182: Take the next argument as a file name as usual, but take all
183: remaining arguments (even if they have the syntactic form of switches)
184: and define the name ARGUMENTS in userdict (not systemdict) as an
185: array of those strings,
186: .I before
187: running the file. When Ghostscript
188: finishes executing the file, it exits back to the shell.
189: .TP
190: .BI -D name = token
191: .TQ
192: .BI -d name = token
193: Define a name in systemdict with the given definition. The token must
194: be exactly one token (as defined by the `token' operator) and must not
195: contain any white space.
196: .TP
197: .BI -D name
198: .TQ
199: .BI -d name
200: Define a name in systemdict with value=null.
201: .TP
202: .BI -S name = string
203: .TQ
204: .BI -s name = string
205: Define a name in systemdict with a given string as value. This is
206: different from
207: .BR -d .
208: For example,
209: .B -dname=35
210: is equivalent to the
211: program fragment
212: .EX
213: /name 35 def
214: .EE
215: whereas
216: .B -sname=35
217: is equivalent to
218: .EX
219: /name (35) def
220: .EE
221: .TP
222: .B -q
223: Quiet startup: suppress normal startup messages, and also do the
224: equivalent of
225: .BR -dQUIET .
226: .TP
227: .BI -g number1 x number2
228: Equivalent to
229: .BI -dDEVICEWIDTH= number1
230: and
231: .BI -dDEVICEHEIGHT= number2\f1.
232: This is for the benefit of devices, such as windows,
233: that allow width and height to be specified.
234: .TP
235: .BI -r number
236: .TQ
237: .BI -r number1 x number2
238: Equivalent to
239: .BI -dDEVICEXRESOLUTION= number1
240: and
241: \fL-dDEVICE\%YRESOLUTION= \f2\%number2\f1.
242: This is for the benefit of devices, such as printers,
243: that support multiple X and Y resolutions.
244: If only one number is given, it is used for both X and Y resolutions.
245: .TP
246: .BI -I directories
247: Adds the designated list of directories at the head of the
248: search path for library files.
249: .PP
250: Note that gs_init.ps makes systemdict read-only, so the values of names
251: defined with -D/d/S/s cannot be changed (although, of course, they can be
252: superseded by definitions in userdict or other dictionaries.)
253: .SS "Special names"
254: .TP
255: .B -dDISKFONTS
256: Causes individual character outlines to be loaded from the disk
257: the first time they are encountered. (Normally Ghostscript loads all the
258: character outlines when it loads a font.) This may allow loading more
259: fonts into RAM, at the expense of slower rendering.
260: .TP
261: .B -dNOCACHE
262: Disables character caching. Only useful for debugging.
263: .TP
264: .B -dNOBIND
265: Disables the `bind' operator. Only useful for debugging.
266: .TP
267: .B -dNODISPLAY
268: Suppresses the normal initialization of the output device.
269: This may be useful when debugging.
270: .TP
271: .B -dNOPAUSE
272: Disables the prompt and pause at the end of each page.
273: This may be desirable for applications where another program
274: (e.g.
275: .IR page (1))
276: is
277: `driving' Ghostscript.
278: ....TP
279: ....B -dNOPLATFONTS
280: ...Disables the use of fonts supplied by the underlying platform
281: ...(e.g. X Windows). This may be needed if the platform
282: ...fonts look undesirably different from the scalable fonts.
283: .TP
284: .B -dSAFER
285: Disables the
286: .B deletefile
287: and
288: .B renamefile
289: operators, and the
290: ability to open files in any mode other than read-only. This may be
291: desirable for spoolers or other sensitive environments.
292: .TP
293: .B -dWRITESYSTEMDICT
294: Leaves systemdict writable. This is necessary when running
295: special utility programs such as font2c and pcharstr, which must bypass
296: normal PostScript access protection.
297: .TP
298: .BI -sDEVICE= device
299: Selects an alternate initial output device, as described above.
300: .TP
301: .BI -sOUTPUTFILE= filename
302: Selects an alternate output file (or pipe) for the initial output
303: device, as described above.
304: .SH FILES
305: .TP
306: .B /sys/lib/ghostscript/*
307: Startup-files, utilities, examples, and basic font definitions.
308: .TP
309: .B /sys/lib/ghostscript/fonts/*
310: Additional font definitions.
311: .SH SOURCE
312: .B /sys/src/cmd/gs
313: .SH "SEE ALSO"
314: .IR page (1)
315: .br
316: The Ghostscript document files in the source directory.
317: .SH BUGS
318: The treatment of standard input is non-standard.
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