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Annotation of lucent/sys/man/1/join, revision 1.1.1.1

1.1       root        1: .TH JOIN 1
                      2: .CT 1 files
                      3: .SH NAME
                      4: join \- relational database operator
                      5: .SH SYNOPSIS
                      6: .B join
                      7: [
                      8: .I options
                      9: ]
                     10: .I file1 file2
                     11: .SH DESCRIPTION
                     12: .I Join
                     13: forms, on the standard output,
                     14: a join
                     15: of the two relations specified by the lines of
                     16: .I file1
                     17: and
                     18: .IR file2 .
                     19: If one of the file names is
                     20: .LR - ,
                     21: the standard input is used.
                     22: .PP
                     23: .I File1
                     24: and
                     25: .I file2
                     26: must be sorted in increasing
                     27: .SM ASCII 
                     28: collating
                     29: sequence on the fields
                     30: on which they are to be joined,
                     31: normally the first in each line.
                     32: .PP
                     33: There is one line in the output
                     34: for each pair of lines in
                     35: .I file1
                     36: and
                     37: .I file2
                     38: that have identical join fields.
                     39: The output line normally consists of the common field,
                     40: then the rest of the line from
                     41: .IR file1 ,
                     42: then the rest of the line from
                     43: .IR file2 .
                     44: .PP
                     45: Input fields are normally separated spaces or tabs;
                     46: output fields by space.
                     47: In this case, multiple separators count as one, and
                     48: leading separators are discarded.
                     49: .PP
                     50: The following options are recognized, with POSIX syntax.
                     51: .TP
                     52: .BI -a " n
                     53: In addition to the normal output,
                     54: produce a line for each unpairable line in file
                     55: .IR n ,
                     56: where
                     57: .I n
                     58: is 1 or 2.
                     59: .TP
                     60: .BI -v " n
                     61: Like
                     62: .BR -a ,
                     63: omitting output for paired lines.
                     64: .TP
                     65: .BI -e " s
                     66: Replace empty output fields by string
                     67: .IR s .
                     68: .TP
                     69: .BI -1 " m
                     70: .br
                     71: .ns
                     72: .TP
                     73: .BI -2 " m
                     74: Join on the
                     75: .IR m th
                     76: field of
                     77: .I file1
                     78: or
                     79: .IR file2 .
                     80: .TP
                     81: .BI -j "n m"
                     82: Archaic equivalent for
                     83: .BI - n " m"\f1.
                     84: .TP
                     85: .BI -o fields
                     86: Each output line comprises the designated fields.
                     87: The comma-separated field designators are either
                     88: .BR 0 ,
                     89: meaning the join field, or have the form
                     90: .IR n . m ,
                     91: where
                     92: .I n
                     93: is a file number and
                     94: .I m
                     95: is a field number.
                     96: Archaic usage allows separate arguments for field designators.
                     97: .PP
                     98: .TP
                     99: .BI -t c
                    100: Use character
                    101: .I c
                    102: as the only separator (tab character) on input and output.
                    103: Every appearance of
                    104: .I c
                    105: in a line is significant.
                    106: .SH EXAMPLES
                    107: .TP
                    108: .L
                    109: sort /adm/users | join -t: -a 1 -e "" - bdays
                    110: Add birthdays to password information, leaving unknown
                    111: birthdays empty.
                    112: The layout of 
                    113: .F /adm/users
                    114: is given in
                    115: .IR users (6);
                    116: .B bdays
                    117: contains sorted lines like
                    118: .LR "ken:Feb\ 4,\ 1953" .
                    119: .TP
                    120: .L
                    121: tr : ' ' </adm/users | sort -k 3 3 >temp
                    122: .br
                    123: .ns
                    124: .TP
                    125: .L
                    126: join -1 3 -2 3 -o 1.1,2.1 temp temp | awk '$1 < $2'
                    127: Print all pairs of users with identical userids.
                    128: .SH SOURCE
                    129: .B /sys/src/cmd/join.c
                    130: .SH "SEE ALSO"
                    131: .IR sort (1), 
                    132: .IR comm (1), 
                    133: .IR awk (1)
                    134: .SH BUGS
                    135: With default field separation,
                    136: the collating sequence is that of
                    137: .BI "sort -b"
                    138: .BI -k y , y\f1;
                    139: with
                    140: .BR -t ,
                    141: the sequence is that of
                    142: .BI "sort -t" x
                    143: .BI -k y , y\f1.
                    144: .br
                    145: One of the files must be randomly accessible.
                    146: 

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