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1.1 root 1: .TH PIC 1
2: .de PS \" start picture
3: . \" $1 is height, $2 is width, both in inches
4: .if \\$1>0 .sp .35
5: .ie \\$1>0 .nr $1 \\$1
6: .el .nr $1 0
7: .in (\\n(.lu-\\$2)/2u
8: .ne \\$1
9: ..
10: .de PE \" end of picture
11: .in
12: .if \\n($1>0 .sp .65
13: ..
14: .SH NAME
15: pic, tpic \- troff and tex preprocessors for drawing pictures
16: .SH SYNOPSIS
17: .B pic
18: [
19: .I files
20: ]
21: .PP
22: .B tpic
23: [
24: .I files
25: ]
26: .SH DESCRIPTION
27: .I Pic
28: is a
29: .IR troff (1)
30: preprocessor for drawing figures on a typesetter.
31: .I Pic
32: code is contained between
33: .B .PS
34: and
35: .B .PE
36: lines:
37: .IP
38: .EX
39: \&.PS \f2optional-width\fP \f2optional-height\fP
40: \f2element-list\fP
41: \&.PE
42: .EE
43: .LP
44: or in a file mentioned in a
45: .B .PS
46: line:
47: .IP
48: .BI .PS " optional-width optional-height " < file
49: .LP
50: If
51: .IR optional-width
52: is present, the picture is made that many inches wide,
53: regardless of any dimensions used internally.
54: The height is scaled in the same proportion unless
55: .IR optional-height
56: is present.
57: If
58: .B .PF
59: is used instead of
60: .BR .PE ,
61: the typesetting position after printing is restored to what it was
62: upon entry.
63: .PP
64: An
65: .IR element-list
66: is a list of elements:
67: .EX
68: \f2primitive attribute-list\fP
69: \f2placename\fP : \f2element\fP
70: \f2placename\fP : \f2position\fP
71: \f2var\fP = \f2expr\fP
72: \f2direction\fP
73: { \f2element-list\fP }
74: [ \f2element-list\fP ]
75: for \f2var\fP = \f2expr\fP to \f2expr\fP by \f2expr\fP do { \f2anything\fP }
76: if \f2expr\fP then { \f2anything\fP } else { \f2anything\fP }
77: copy \f2file,\fP copy thru \f2macro,\fP copy \f2file\fP thru \fPmacro\fP
78: sh { \f2commandline\fP }
79: print \f2expr\fP
80: reset \f2optional var-list\fP
81: \f2troff-command\fP
82: .EE
83: .PP
84: Elements are separated by newlines or semicolons;
85: a long element may be continued by ending the line with a backslash.
86: Comments are introduced by a
87: .BI #
88: and terminated by a newline.
89: Variable names begin with a lower case letter;
90: place names begin with upper case.
91: Place and variable names retain their values
92: from one picture to the next.
93: .PP
94: After each primitive
95: the current position moves in the current direction
96: .RB ( up , down ,
97: .BR left , right
98: (default)) by the size of the primitive.
99: The current position and direction are saved upon entry
100: to a
101: .BR { ... }
102: block and restored upon exit.
103: Elements within a block enclosed in
104: .BR [ ... ]
105: are treated as a unit;
106: the dimensions are determined by the extreme points
107: of the contained objects.
108: Names, variables, and direction of motion within a block are local to that block.
109: .PP
110: .IR Troff-command
111: is any line that begins with a period.
112: Such a line is assumed to make sense in the context where it appears;
113: generally, this means only size and font changes.
114: .PP
115: The
116: .I primitive
117: objects are:
118: .br
119: .EX
120: box circle ellipse arc line arrow spline move \f2text-list\fP
121: .EE
122: .L arrow
123: is a synonym for
124: .LR "line ->" .
125: .PP
126: An
127: .IR attribute-list
128: is a sequence of zero or more attributes;
129: each attribute consists of a keyword, perhaps followed by a value.
130: .EX
131: .ta .5i 2.5i
132: h(eigh)t \f2expr\fP wid(th) \f2expr\fP
133: rad(ius) \f2expr\fP diam(eter) \f2expr\fP
134: up \f2opt-expr\fP down \f2opt-expr\fP
135: right \f2opt-expr\fP left \f2opt-expr\fP
136: from \f2position\fP to \f2position\fP
137: at \f2position\fP with \f2corner\fP
138: by \f2expr, expr\fP then
139: dotted \f2opt-expr\fP dashed \f2opt-expr\fP
140: chop \f2opt-expr\fP -> <- <->
141: invis same
142: \f2text-list\fP \f2expr\fP
143: .EE
144: Missing attributes and values are filled in from defaults.
145: Not all attributes make sense for all primitives;
146: irrelevant ones are silently ignored.
147: The attribute
148: .L at
149: causes the geometrical center to be put at the specified place;
150: .L with
151: causes the position on the object to be put at the specified place.
152: For lines, splines and arcs,
153: .L height
154: and
155: .L width
156: refer to arrowhead size.
157: A bare
158: .I expr
159: implies motion in the current direction.
160: .PP
161: Text is normally an attribute of some primitive;
162: by default it is placed at the geometrical center of the object.
163: Stand-alone text is also permitted.
164: A text list
165: is a list of text items:
166: .EX
167: \f2 text-item\fP:
168: "..." \f2positioning ...\fP
169: sprintf("\f2format\fP", \f2expr\fP, \f2...\fP) \f2positioning ...\fP
170: \f2 positioning\fP:
171: center ljust rjust above below
172: .EE
173: If there are multiple text items for some primitive,
174: they are arranged vertically and centered except as qualified.
175: Positioning requests apply to each item independently.
176: Text items may contain
177: .I troff
178: commands for size and font changes, local motions, etc.,
179: but make sure that these are balanced
180: so that the entering state is restored before exiting.
181: .PP
182: A position is ultimately an
183: .I x,y
184: coordinate pair, but it may be specified in other ways.
185: .EX
186: \f2 position\fP:
187: \f2expr, expr\fP
188: \f2place\fP ± \f2expr, expr\fP
189: \f2place\fP ± ( \f2expr, expr\fP )
190: ( \f2position\fP,\f2 position\fP ) \f2x\fP\fR from one, \f2y\fP\fR the other\fP
191: \f2expr\fP [\fLof the way\fP] between \f2position\fP and \f2position\fP
192: \f2expr\fP < \f2position\fP , \f2position\fP >
193: ( \f2position\fP )
194: .EE
195: .PP
196: .EX
197: \f2 place\fP:
198: \f2placename\fP \f2optional-corner\fP
199: \f2corner\fP of \f2placename\fP
200: \f2nth\fP \f2primitive\fP \f2optional-corner\fP
201: \f2corner\fP of \f2nth\fP \f2primitive\fP
202: Here
203: .EE
204: An
205: .IR optional-corner
206: is one of the eight compass points
207: or the center or the start or end of a primitive.
208: .EX
209: \f2 optional-corner\fP:
210: .n .e .w .s .ne .se .nw .sw .c .start .end
211: \f2 corner\fP:
212: top bot left right start end
213: .EE
214: Each object in a picture has an ordinal number;
215: .IR nth
216: refers to this.
217: .EX
218: \f2 nth\fP:
219: \f2n\fPth\f2, n\fPth last
220: .EE
221: .PP
222: The built-in variables and their default values are:
223: .EX
224: .ta .5i 2.5i
225: boxwid 0.75 boxht 0.5
226: circlerad 0.25 arcrad 0.25
227: ellipsewid 0.75 ellipseht 0.5
228: linewid 0.5 lineht 0.5
229: movewid 0.5 moveht 0.5
230: textwid 0 textht 0
231: arrowwid 0.05 arrowht 0.1
232: dashwid 0.1 arrowhead 2
233: scale 1
234: .EE
235: These may be changed at any time,
236: and the new values remain in force from picture to picture until changed again
237: or reset by a
238: .L reset
239: statement.
240: Variables changed within
241: .B [
242: and
243: .B ]
244: revert to their previous value upon exit from the block.
245: Dimensions are divided by
246: .B scale
247: during output.
248: .PP
249: Expressions in
250: .I pic
251: are evaluated in floating point.
252: All numbers representing dimensions are taken to be in inches.
253: .EX
254: \f2 expr\fP:
255: \f2expr\fP \f2op\fP \f2expr\fP
256: - \f2expr\fP
257: ! \f2expr\fP
258: ( \f2expr\fP )
259: variable
260: number
261: \f2place\fP .x \f2place\fP .y \f2place\fP .ht \f2place\fP .wid \f2place\fP .rad
262: sin(\f2expr\fP) cos(\f2expr\fP) atan2(\f2expr,expr\fP) log(\f2expr\fP) exp(\f2expr\fP)
263: sqrt(\f2expr\fP) max(\f2expr,expr\fP) min(\f2expr,expr\fP) int(\f2expr\fP) rand()
264: \f2 op\fP:
265: + - * / % < <= > >= == != && ||
266: .EE
267: .PP
268: The
269: .B define
270: and
271: .B undef
272: statements are not part of the grammar.
273: .EX
274: define \f2name\fP { \f2replacement text\fP }
275: undef \f2name\fP
276: .EE
277: Occurrences of
278: .BR $1 ,
279: .BR $2 ,
280: etc.,
281: in the replacement text
282: will be replaced by the corresponding arguments if
283: .I name
284: is invoked as
285: .EX
286: \f2name\fP(\f2arg1\fP, \f2arg2\fP, ...)
287: .EE
288: Non-existent arguments are replaced by null strings.
289: Replacement text
290: may contain newlines.
291: The
292: .B undef
293: statement removes the definition of a macro.
294: .PP
295: .I Tpic
296: is a
297: .IR tex (1)
298: preprocessor that accepts
299: .IR pic
300: language.
301: It produces Tex commands that define a box called
302: .BR \egraph ,
303: which contains the picture.
304: The box may be output this way:
305: .IP
306: .L
307: \ecenterline{\ebox\egraph}
308: .SH EXAMPLES
309: .EX
310: arrow "input" above; box "process"; arrow "output" above
311: move
312: A: ellipse
313: circle rad .1 with .w at A.e
314: circle rad .05 at 0.5 <A.c, A.ne>
315: circle rad .065 at 0.5 <A.c, A.ne>
316: spline from last circle.nw left .25 then left .05 down .05
317: arc from A.c to A.se rad 0.5
318: for i = 1 to 10 do { line from A.s+.025*i,.01*i down i/50 }
319: .EE
320: .PP
321: .PS
322: arrow "input" above; box "process"; arrow "output" above
323: move
324: A: ellipse
325: circle rad .1 with .w at A.e
326: circle rad .05 at 0.5 <A.c, A.ne>
327: circle rad .065 at 0.5 <A.c, A.ne>
328: spline from last circle.nw left .25 then left .05 down .05
329: arc from A.c to A.se rad 0.5
330: for i = 1 to 10 do { line from A.s+.025*i,.01*i down i/50 }
331: .PE
332: .SH SOURCE
333: .B /sys/src/cmd/pic
334: .SH "SEE ALSO"
335: .IR grap (1),
336: .IR doctype (1),
337: .IR troff (1)
338: .br
339: B. W. Kernighan,
340: ``PIC\(ema Graphics Language for Typesetting'',
341: .I
342: Unix Research System Programmer's Manual,
343: Tenth Edition, Volume 2
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