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Annotation of lucent/sys/man/1/sed, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH SED 1
        !             2: .SH NAME
        !             3: sed \- stream editor
        !             4: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             5: .B sed
        !             6: [
        !             7: .B -n
        !             8: ]
        !             9: [
        !            10: .B -g
        !            11: ]
        !            12: [
        !            13: .B -e
        !            14: .I script
        !            15: ]
        !            16: [
        !            17: .B -f
        !            18: .I sfile
        !            19: ]
        !            20: [
        !            21: .I file ...
        !            22: ]
        !            23: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            24: .I Sed
        !            25: copies the named
        !            26: .I files
        !            27: (standard input default) to the standard output,
        !            28: edited according to a script of commands.
        !            29: The
        !            30: .B -f
        !            31: option causes the script to be taken from file
        !            32: .IR sfile ;
        !            33: these options accumulate.
        !            34: If there is just one
        !            35: .B -e
        !            36: option and no
        !            37: .BR -f 's,
        !            38: the flag
        !            39: .B -e
        !            40: may be omitted.
        !            41: The
        !            42: .B -n
        !            43: option suppresses the default output;
        !            44: .B -g
        !            45: causes all substitutions to be global, as if suffixed
        !            46: .BR g .
        !            47: .PP
        !            48: A script consists of editing commands, one per line,
        !            49: of the following form:
        !            50: .IP
        !            51: [\fIaddress\fR [\fL,\fI address\fR] ] \fIfunction\fR [\fIargument\fR ...]
        !            52: .PP
        !            53: In normal operation
        !            54: .I sed
        !            55: cyclically copies a line of input into a
        !            56: .I pattern space
        !            57: (unless there is something left after
        !            58: a 
        !            59: .L D
        !            60: command),
        !            61: applies in sequence
        !            62: all commands whose
        !            63: .I addresses
        !            64: select that pattern space,
        !            65: and at the end of the script copies the pattern space
        !            66: to the standard output (except under
        !            67: .BR -n )
        !            68: and deletes the pattern space.
        !            69: .PP
        !            70: An
        !            71: .I address
        !            72: is either a decimal number that counts
        !            73: input lines cumulatively across files, a 
        !            74: .L $
        !            75: that
        !            76: addresses the last line of input, or a context address,
        !            77: .BI / regular-expression / \f1,
        !            78: in the style of
        !            79: .IR regexp (6),
        !            80: with the added convention that
        !            81: .L \en
        !            82: matches a
        !            83: newline embedded in the pattern space.
        !            84: .PP
        !            85: A command line with no addresses selects every pattern space.
        !            86: .PP
        !            87: A command line with
        !            88: one address selects each pattern space that matches the address.
        !            89: .PP
        !            90: A command line with
        !            91: two addresses selects the inclusive range from the first
        !            92: pattern space that matches the first address through
        !            93: the next pattern space that matches
        !            94: the second.
        !            95: (If the second address is a number less than or equal
        !            96: to the line number first selected, only one
        !            97: line is selected.)
        !            98: Thereafter the process is repeated, looking again for the
        !            99: first address.
        !           100: .PP
        !           101: Editing commands can be applied to non-selected pattern
        !           102: spaces by use of the negation function 
        !           103: .L !
        !           104: (below).
        !           105: .PP
        !           106: An argument denoted
        !           107: .I text
        !           108: consists of one or more lines,
        !           109: all but the last of which end with 
        !           110: .L \e
        !           111: to hide the
        !           112: newline.
        !           113: Backslashes in text are treated like backslashes
        !           114: in the replacement string of an 
        !           115: .L s
        !           116: command,
        !           117: and may be used to protect initial blanks and tabs
        !           118: against the stripping that is done on
        !           119: every script line.
        !           120: .PP
        !           121: An argument denoted
        !           122: .I rfile
        !           123: or
        !           124: .I wfile
        !           125: must terminate the command
        !           126: line and must be preceded by exactly one blank.
        !           127: Each
        !           128: .I wfile
        !           129: is created before processing begins.
        !           130: There can be at most 120 distinct
        !           131: .I wfile
        !           132: arguments.
        !           133: .TP \w'\fL!\ \fIfunction\fLXXX'u
        !           134: .B a\e
        !           135: .br
        !           136: .ns
        !           137: .TP
        !           138: .I text
        !           139: Append.
        !           140: Place
        !           141: .I text
        !           142: on the output before
        !           143: reading the next input line.
        !           144: .TP
        !           145: .BI b " label"
        !           146: Branch to the 
        !           147: .B :
        !           148: command bearing the
        !           149: .IR label .
        !           150: If
        !           151: .I label
        !           152: is empty, branch to the end of the script.
        !           153: .TP
        !           154: .B c\e
        !           155: .br
        !           156: .ns
        !           157: .TP
        !           158: .I text
        !           159: Change.
        !           160: Delete the pattern space.
        !           161: With 0 or 1 address or at the end of a 2-address range, place
        !           162: .I text
        !           163: on the output.
        !           164: Start the next cycle.
        !           165: .TP
        !           166: .B d
        !           167: Delete the pattern space.
        !           168: Start the next cycle.
        !           169: .TP
        !           170: .B D
        !           171: Delete the initial segment of the
        !           172: pattern space through the first newline.
        !           173: Start the next cycle.
        !           174: .TP
        !           175: .B g
        !           176: Replace the contents of the pattern space
        !           177: by the contents of the hold space.
        !           178: .TP
        !           179: .B G
        !           180: Append the contents of the hold space to the pattern space.
        !           181: .TP
        !           182: .B h
        !           183: Replace the contents of the hold space by the contents of the pattern space.
        !           184: .TP
        !           185: .B H
        !           186: Append the contents of the pattern space to the hold space.
        !           187: .ne 3
        !           188: .TP
        !           189: .B i\e
        !           190: .br
        !           191: .ns
        !           192: .TP
        !           193: .I text
        !           194: Insert.
        !           195: Place
        !           196: .I text
        !           197: on the standard output.
        !           198: .TP
        !           199: .B n
        !           200: Copy the pattern space to the standard output.
        !           201: Replace the pattern space with the next line of input.
        !           202: .TP
        !           203: .B N
        !           204: Append the next line of input to the pattern space
        !           205: with an embedded newline.
        !           206: (The current line number changes.)
        !           207: .TP
        !           208: .B p
        !           209: Print.
        !           210: Copy the pattern space to the standard output.
        !           211: .TP
        !           212: .B P
        !           213: Copy the initial segment of the pattern space through
        !           214: the first newline to the standard output.
        !           215: .TP
        !           216: .B q
        !           217: Quit.
        !           218: Branch to the end of the script.
        !           219: Do not start a new cycle.
        !           220: .TP
        !           221: .BI r " rfile"
        !           222: Read the contents of
        !           223: .IR rfile .
        !           224: Place them on the output before reading
        !           225: the next input line.
        !           226: .TP
        !           227: .B s/\fIregular-expression\fP/\fIreplacement\fP/\fIflags
        !           228: Substitute the
        !           229: .I replacement
        !           230: string for instances of the
        !           231: .I regular-expression
        !           232: in the pattern space.
        !           233: Any character may be used instead of 
        !           234: .LR / .
        !           235: For a fuller description see
        !           236: .IR regexp (6).
        !           237: .I Flags
        !           238: is zero or more of
        !           239: .RS
        !           240: .TP
        !           241: .B g
        !           242: Global.
        !           243: Substitute for all non-overlapping instances of the
        !           244: .I regular expression
        !           245: rather than just the
        !           246: first one.
        !           247: .TP
        !           248: .B p
        !           249: Print the pattern space if a replacement was made.
        !           250: .TP
        !           251: .BI w " wfile"
        !           252: Write.
        !           253: Append the pattern space to
        !           254: .I wfile
        !           255: if a replacement
        !           256: was made.
        !           257: .RE
        !           258: .TP
        !           259: .BI t " label"
        !           260: Test.
        !           261: Branch to the 
        !           262: .L :
        !           263: command bearing the
        !           264: .I label
        !           265: if any
        !           266: substitutions have been made since the most recent
        !           267: reading of an input line or execution of a 
        !           268: .LR t .
        !           269: If
        !           270: .I label
        !           271: is empty, branch to the end of the script.
        !           272: .TP
        !           273: .B w
        !           274: .I wfile
        !           275: .br
        !           276: Write.
        !           277: Append the pattern space to
        !           278: .IR wfile .
        !           279: .TP
        !           280: .B x
        !           281: Exchange the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.
        !           282: .TP
        !           283: .B y/\fIstring1\fP/\fIstring2\fP/
        !           284: Transform.
        !           285: Replace all occurrences of characters in
        !           286: .I string1
        !           287: with the corresponding character in
        !           288: .IR string2 .
        !           289: The lengths of
        !           290: .I
        !           291: string1
        !           292: and
        !           293: .I string2
        !           294: must be equal.
        !           295: .TP
        !           296: .BI ! "function"
        !           297: Don't.
        !           298: Apply the
        !           299: .I function
        !           300: (or group, if
        !           301: .I function
        !           302: is 
        !           303: .LR { )
        !           304: only to lines
        !           305: .I not
        !           306: selected by the address(es).
        !           307: .TP
        !           308: .BI : " label"
        !           309: This command does nothing; it bears a
        !           310: .I label
        !           311: for 
        !           312: .B b
        !           313: and 
        !           314: .B t
        !           315: commands to branch to.
        !           316: .TP
        !           317: .B =
        !           318: Place the current line number on the standard output as a line.
        !           319: .TP
        !           320: .B {
        !           321: Execute the following commands through a matching 
        !           322: .L }
        !           323: only when the pattern space is selected.
        !           324: .TP
        !           325: .B " "
        !           326: An empty command is ignored.
        !           327: .ne 4
        !           328: .SH EXAMPLES
        !           329: .TP
        !           330: .B sed 10q file
        !           331: Print the first 10 lines of the file.
        !           332: .TP
        !           333: .B sed '/^$/d'
        !           334: Delete empty lines from standard input.
        !           335: .TP
        !           336: .B sed 's/UNIX/& system/g'
        !           337: Replace every instance of 
        !           338: .L UNIX
        !           339: by
        !           340: .LR "UNIX system" .
        !           341: .PP
        !           342: .EX
        !           343: sed 's/ *$//   \fRdrop trailing blanks\fP
        !           344: /^$/d                  \fRdrop empty lines\fP
        !           345: s/  */\e               \fRreplace blanks by newlines\fP
        !           346: /g
        !           347: /^$/d' chapter*
        !           348: .EE
        !           349: .ns
        !           350: .IP
        !           351: Print the files 
        !           352: .BR chapter1 ,
        !           353: .BR chapter2 ,
        !           354: etc. one word to a line.
        !           355: .PP
        !           356: .EX
        !           357: nroff -ms manuscript | sed '
        !           358: ${
        !           359:        /^$/p           \fRif last line of file is empty, print it\fP
        !           360: }
        !           361: //N                    \fRif current line is empty, append next line\fP
        !           362: /^\en$/D'              \fRif two lines are empty, delete the first\fP
        !           363: .EE
        !           364: .ns
        !           365: .IP
        !           366: Delete all but one of each group of empty lines from a
        !           367: formatted manuscript.
        !           368: .SH SOURCE
        !           369: .B /sys/src/cmd/sed.c
        !           370: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           371: .IR ed (1), 
        !           372: .IR grep (1), 
        !           373: .IR awk (1), 
        !           374: .IR lex (1), 
        !           375: .IR sam (1),
        !           376: .IR regexp (6)
        !           377: .br
        !           378: L. E. McMahon,
        !           379: `SED \(em A Non-interactive Text Editor',
        !           380: Unix Research System Programmer's Manual, Volume 2.
        !           381: .SH BUGS
        !           382: If input is from a pipe, buffering may consume
        !           383: characters beyond a line on which a 
        !           384: .L q
        !           385: command is executed.

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