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Annotation of qemu/CODING_STYLE, revision 1.1.1.2

1.1       root        1: Qemu Coding Style
                      2: =================
                      3: 
                      4: 1. Whitespace
                      5: 
                      6: Of course, the most important aspect in any coding style is whitespace.
                      7: Crusty old coders who have trouble spotting the glasses on their noses
                      8: can tell the difference between a tab and eight spaces from a distance
                      9: of approximately fifteen parsecs.  Many a flamewar have been fought and
                     10: lost on this issue.
                     11: 
                     12: QEMU indents are four spaces.  Tabs are never used, except in Makefiles
                     13: where they have been irreversibly coded into the syntax.
                     14: Spaces of course are superior to tabs because:
                     15: 
                     16:  - You have just one way to specify whitespace, not two.  Ambiguity breeds
                     17:    mistakes.
                     18:  - The confusion surrounding 'use tabs to indent, spaces to justify' is gone.
                     19:  - Tab indents push your code to the right, making your screen seriously
                     20:    unbalanced.
                     21:  - Tabs will be rendered incorrectly on editors who are misconfigured not
                     22:    to use tab stops of eight positions.
                     23:  - Tabs are rendered badly in patches, causing off-by-one errors in almost
                     24:    every line.
                     25:  - It is the QEMU coding style.
                     26: 
                     27: Do not leave whitespace dangling off the ends of lines.
                     28: 
                     29: 2. Line width
                     30: 
                     31: Lines are 80 characters; not longer.
                     32: 
                     33: Rationale:
                     34:  - Some people like to tile their 24" screens with a 6x4 matrix of 80x24
                     35:    xterms and use vi in all of them.  The best way to punish them is to
                     36:    let them keep doing it.
                     37:  - Code and especially patches is much more readable if limited to a sane
                     38:    line length.  Eighty is traditional.
                     39:  - It is the QEMU coding style.
                     40: 
                     41: 3. Naming
                     42: 
                     43: Variables are lower_case_with_underscores; easy to type and read.  Structured
                     44: type names are in CamelCase; harder to type but standing out.  Scalar type
                     45: names are lower_case_with_underscores_ending_with_a_t, like the POSIX
                     46: uint64_t and family.  Note that this last convention contradicts POSIX
                     47: and is therefore likely to be changed.
                     48: 
                     49: Typedefs are used to eliminate the redundant 'struct' keyword.  It is the
                     50: QEMU coding style.
                     51: 
1.1.1.2 ! root       52: When wrapping standard library functions, use the prefix qemu_ to alert
        !            53: readers that they are seeing a wrapped version; otherwise avoid this prefix.
        !            54: 
1.1       root       55: 4. Block structure
                     56: 
                     57: Every indented statement is braced; even if the block contains just one
                     58: statement.  The opening brace is on the line that contains the control
                     59: flow statement that introduces the new block; the closing brace is on the
                     60: same line as the else keyword, or on a line by itself if there is no else
                     61: keyword.  Example:
                     62: 
                     63:     if (a == 5) {
                     64:         printf("a was 5.\n");
                     65:     } else if (a == 6) {
                     66:         printf("a was 6.\n");
                     67:     } else {
                     68:         printf("a was something else entirely.\n");
                     69:     }
                     70: 
                     71: An exception is the opening brace for a function; for reasons of tradition
                     72: and clarity it comes on a line by itself:
                     73: 
                     74:     void a_function(void)
                     75:     {
                     76:         do_something();
                     77:     }
                     78: 
                     79: Rationale: a consistent (except for functions...) bracing style reduces
                     80: ambiguity and avoids needless churn when lines are added or removed.
                     81: Furthermore, it is the QEMU coding style.

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