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1.1 ! root 1: ! 2: NOTE! This copyright does *not* cover user programs that use kernel ! 3: services by normal system calls - this is merely considered normal use ! 4: of the kernel, and does *not* fall under the heading of "derived work". ! 5: Also note that the GPL below is copyrighted by the Free Software ! 6: Foundation, but the instance of code that it refers to (the Linux ! 7: kernel) is copyrighted by me and others who actually wrote it. ! 8: ! 9: Also note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as the kernel ! 10: is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not ! 11: v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated. ! 12: ! 13: Linus Torvalds ! 14: ! 15: ---------------------------------------- ! 16: ! 17: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ! 18: Version 2, June 1991 ! 19: ! 20: Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ! 21: 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA ! 22: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies ! 23: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. ! 24: ! 25: Preamble ! 26: ! 27: The licenses for most software are designed to take away your ! 28: freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public ! 29: License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free ! 30: software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This ! 31: General Public License applies to most of the Free Software ! 32: Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to ! 33: using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by ! 34: the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to ! 35: your programs, too. ! 36: ! 37: When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not ! 38: price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you ! 39: have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for ! 40: this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it ! 41: if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it ! 42: in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. ! 43: ! 44: To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid ! 45: anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. ! 46: These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you ! 47: distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. ! 48: ! 49: For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether ! 50: gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that ! 51: you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the ! 52: source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their ! 53: rights. ! 54: ! 55: We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and ! 56: (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, ! 57: distribute and/or modify the software. ! 58: ! 59: Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain ! 60: that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free ! 61: software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we ! 62: want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so ! 63: that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original ! 64: authors' reputations. ! 65: ! 66: Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software ! 67: patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free ! 68: program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the ! 69: program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any ! 70: patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. ! 71: ! 72: The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and ! 73: modification follow. ! 74: ! 75: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ! 76: TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION ! 77: ! 78: 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains ! 79: a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed ! 80: under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, ! 81: refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" ! 82: means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: ! 83: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, ! 84: either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another ! 85: language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in ! 86: the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". ! 87: ! 88: Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not ! 89: covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of ! 90: running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program ! 91: is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the ! 92: Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). ! 93: Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. ! 94: ! 95: 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's ! 96: source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you ! 97: conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate ! 98: copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the ! 99: notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; ! 100: and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License ! 101: along with the Program. ! 102: ! 103: You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and ! 104: you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. ! 105: ! 106: 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion ! 107: of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and ! 108: distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 ! 109: above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: ! 110: ! 111: a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices ! 112: stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. ! 113: ! 114: b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in ! 115: whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any ! 116: part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third ! 117: parties under the terms of this License. ! 118: ! 119: c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively ! 120: when run, you must cause it, when started running for such ! 121: interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an ! 122: announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a ! 123: notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide ! 124: a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under ! 125: these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this ! 126: License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but ! 127: does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on ! 128: the Program is not required to print an announcement.) ! 129: ! 130: These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If ! 131: identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, ! 132: and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in ! 133: themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those ! 134: sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you ! 135: distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based ! 136: on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of ! 137: this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the ! 138: entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. ! 139: ! 140: Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest ! 141: your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to ! 142: exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or ! 143: collective works based on the Program. ! 144: ! 145: In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program ! 146: with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of ! 147: a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under ! 148: the scope of this License. ! 149: ! 150: 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, ! 151: under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of ! 152: Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: ! 153: ! 154: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable ! 155: source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections ! 156: 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, ! 157: ! 158: b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three ! 159: years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your ! 160: cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete ! 161: machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be ! 162: distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium ! 163: customarily used for software interchange; or, ! 164: ! 165: c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer ! 166: to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is ! 167: allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you ! 168: received the program in object code or executable form with such ! 169: an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) ! 170: ! 171: The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for ! 172: making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source ! 173: code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any ! 174: associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to ! 175: control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a ! 176: special exception, the source code distributed need not include ! 177: anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary ! 178: form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the ! 179: operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component ! 180: itself accompanies the executable. ! 181: ! 182: If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering ! 183: access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent ! 184: access to copy the source code from the same place counts as ! 185: distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not ! 186: compelled to copy the source along with the object code. ! 187: ! 188: 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program ! 189: except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt ! 190: otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is ! 191: void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. ! 192: However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under ! 193: this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such ! 194: parties remain in full compliance. ! 195: ! 196: 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not ! 197: signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or ! 198: distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are ! 199: prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by ! 200: modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the ! 201: Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and ! 202: all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying ! 203: the Program or works based on it. ! 204: ! 205: 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the ! 206: Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the ! 207: original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to ! 208: these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further ! 209: restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. ! 210: You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to ! 211: this License. ! 212: ! 213: 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent ! 214: infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), ! 215: conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or ! 216: otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not ! 217: excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot ! 218: distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this ! 219: License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you ! 220: may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent ! 221: license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by ! 222: all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then ! 223: the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to ! 224: refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. ! 225: ! 226: If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under ! 227: any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to ! 228: apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other ! 229: circumstances. ! 230: ! 231: It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any ! 232: patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any ! 233: such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the ! 234: integrity of the free software distribution system, which is ! 235: implemented by public license practices. Many people have made ! 236: generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed ! 237: through that system in reliance on consistent application of that ! 238: system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing ! 239: to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot ! 240: impose that choice. ! 241: ! 242: This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to ! 243: be a consequence of the rest of this License. ! 244: ! 245: 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in ! 246: certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the ! 247: original copyright holder who places the Program under this License ! 248: may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding ! 249: those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among ! 250: countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates ! 251: the limitation as if written in the body of this License. ! 252: ! 253: 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions ! 254: of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will ! 255: be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to ! 256: address new problems or concerns. ! 257: ! 258: Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program ! 259: specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any ! 260: later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions ! 261: either of that version or of any later version published by the Free ! 262: Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of ! 263: this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software ! 264: Foundation. ! 265: ! 266: 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free ! 267: programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author ! 268: to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free ! 269: Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes ! 270: make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals ! 271: of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and ! 272: of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. ! 273: ! 274: NO WARRANTY ! 275: ! 276: 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY ! 277: FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN ! 278: OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES ! 279: PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED ! 280: OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ! 281: MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS ! 282: TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE ! 283: PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, ! 284: REPAIR OR CORRECTION. ! 285: ! 286: 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING ! 287: WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR ! 288: REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, ! 289: INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING ! 290: OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED ! 291: TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY ! 292: YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER ! 293: PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE ! 294: POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ! 295: ! 296: END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS ! 297: ! 298: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs ! 299: ! 300: If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest ! 301: possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it ! 302: free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. ! 303: ! 304: To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest ! 305: to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively ! 306: convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least ! 307: the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. ! 308: ! 309: <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> ! 310: Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> ! 311: ! 312: This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify ! 313: it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ! 314: the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or ! 315: (at your option) any later version. ! 316: ! 317: This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ! 318: but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ! 319: MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ! 320: GNU General Public License for more details. ! 321: ! 322: You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ! 323: along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software ! 324: Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA ! 325: ! 326: ! 327: Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. ! 328: ! 329: If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this ! 330: when it starts in an interactive mode: ! 331: ! 332: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author ! 333: Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. ! 334: This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it ! 335: under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. ! 336: ! 337: The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate ! 338: parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may ! 339: be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be ! 340: mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. ! 341: ! 342: You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your ! 343: school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if ! 344: necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: ! 345: ! 346: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program ! 347: `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. ! 348: ! 349: <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 ! 350: Ty Coon, President of Vice ! 351: ! 352: This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into ! 353: proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may ! 354: consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the ! 355: library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General ! 356: Public License instead of this License.
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