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Annotation of researchv10dc/630/man/src/p_man/man3/printf.3l, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .ds ZZ DEVELOPMENT PACKAGE
        !             2: .TH PRINTF 3L "630 MTG"
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: printf, fprintf, sprintf, lprintf, bprintf \- print formatted output
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B "int Printf (format"
        !             7: [
        !             8: .B ,
        !             9: arg ] .\|.\|.
        !            10: .B )
        !            11: .br
        !            12: .B "void printf (format"
        !            13: [
        !            14: .B ,
        !            15: arg ] .\|.\|.
        !            16: .B )
        !            17: .br
        !            18: .B "char \(**format;"
        !            19: .PP
        !            20: .B "int Fprintf (stream, format"
        !            21: [
        !            22: .B ,
        !            23: arg ] .\|.\|.
        !            24: .B )
        !            25: .br
        !            26: .B "void fprintf (stream, format"
        !            27: [
        !            28: .B ,
        !            29: arg ] .\|.\|.
        !            30: .B )
        !            31: .br
        !            32: .B "char \(**format;"
        !            33: .br
        !            34: .SM
        !            35: .B FILE
        !            36: .B \(**stream;
        !            37: .PP
        !            38: .B "int Sprintf (s, format"
        !            39: [
        !            40: .B ,
        !            41: arg ] .\|.\|.
        !            42: .B )
        !            43: .br
        !            44: .B "void sprintf (s, format"
        !            45: [
        !            46: .B ,
        !            47: arg ] .\|.\|.
        !            48: .B )
        !            49: .br
        !            50: .B "char \(**s, format;"
        !            51: .PP
        !            52: .B "int Lprintf (format"
        !            53: [
        !            54: .B ,
        !            55: arg ] .\|.\|.
        !            56: .B )
        !            57: .br
        !            58: .B "void lprintf (format"
        !            59: [
        !            60: .B ,
        !            61: arg ] .\|.\|.
        !            62: .B )
        !            63: .br
        !            64: .B "char \(**format;"
        !            65: .PP
        !            66: .B "int Bprintf (format"
        !            67: [
        !            68: .B ,
        !            69: arg ] .\|.\|.
        !            70: .B )
        !            71: .br
        !            72: .B "void bprintf (format"
        !            73: [
        !            74: .B ,
        !            75: arg ] .\|.\|.
        !            76: .B )
        !            77: .br
        !            78: .B "char \(**format;"
        !            79: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            80: .I Lprintf\^
        !            81: places output in the calling process's window.
        !            82: .I Bprintf
        !            83: places output at the bottom part of the 630's screen.
        !            84: .I Printf\^
        !            85: places output on the standard output stream
        !            86: .IR stdout .
        !            87: .I Fprintf\^
        !            88: places output on the named output
        !            89: .IR stream .
        !            90: .I Sprintf\^
        !            91: places ``output,''
        !            92: followed by the null character
        !            93: .RB ( \e0 ),
        !            94: in consecutive bytes starting at
        !            95: .RI \(** s ;
        !            96: it is the user's responsibility to ensure that
        !            97: enough storage is available.
        !            98: Each function returns the number of characters
        !            99: transmitted (not including the
        !           100: .B \e0
        !           101: in the case of
        !           102: .IR Sprintf ),
        !           103: or
        !           104: a negative value if an output error was encountered.
        !           105: The
        !           106: .IR printf ,
        !           107: .IR lprintf ,
        !           108: .IR bprintf ,
        !           109: .IR fprintf ,
        !           110: and
        !           111: .I sprintf
        !           112: functions operate the same as those starting with a capital letter
        !           113: but support only a limited number of format options and no return value.
        !           114: .PP
        !           115: Each of these functions
        !           116: converts, formats, and prints its
        !           117: .IR arg s
        !           118: under control of the
        !           119: .IR format .
        !           120: The
        !           121: .I format\^
        !           122: is a character string
        !           123: that contains
        !           124: two types of objects:
        !           125: plain characters, which are simply copied to the
        !           126: output stream,
        !           127: and conversion specifications,
        !           128: each of which results in fetching of
        !           129: zero or more
        !           130: .IR arg s.
        !           131: The results are undefined if there are insufficient
        !           132: .IR arg s
        !           133: for the format.
        !           134: If the format is exhausted while
        !           135: .IR arg s
        !           136: remain, the excess
        !           137: .IR arg s
        !           138: are simply ignored.
        !           139: .PP
        !           140: Each conversion specification is introduced by
        !           141: the character
        !           142: .BR % .
        !           143: After the
        !           144: .BR % ,
        !           145: the following
        !           146: appear in sequence:
        !           147: .PP
        !           148: .RS
        !           149: Zero or more
        !           150: .IR flags ,
        !           151: which modify the meaning of
        !           152: the conversion specification.
        !           153: .PP
        !           154: An optional decimal digit string specifying a minimum
        !           155: .IR "field width" .
        !           156: If the converted value has fewer characters
        !           157: than the field width,
        !           158: it will be padded on the left (or right,
        !           159: if the left-adjustment flag `\-' (described below) has been
        !           160: given) to the field width.
        !           161: If the field width for an
        !           162: .B s
        !           163: conversion is preceded by a 0, the
        !           164: string is right adjusted with zero-padding on the left.
        !           165: .PP
        !           166: A
        !           167: .I precision\^
        !           168: gives
        !           169: the minimum number of digits to appear for the
        !           170: .BR d ,
        !           171: .BR o ,
        !           172: .BR u ,
        !           173: .BR x ,
        !           174: or
        !           175: .B X
        !           176: conversions,
        !           177: the number of digits to appear after the
        !           178: decimal point for the
        !           179: .B e
        !           180: and
        !           181: .B f
        !           182: conversions,
        !           183: the maximum number of significant digits
        !           184: for the
        !           185: .B g
        !           186: conversion,
        !           187: or the maximum number of characters
        !           188: to be printed from a string in
        !           189: .B s
        !           190: conversion.
        !           191: The precision takes the form of a period
        !           192: .RB ( \&. )
        !           193: followed by a decimal digit string;
        !           194: a null digit string is treated as zero.
        !           195: .PP
        !           196: An optional
        !           197: .B l
        !           198: (ell) specifying that a following
        !           199: .BR d ,
        !           200: .BR o ,
        !           201: .BR u ,
        !           202: .BR x ,
        !           203: or
        !           204: .B X
        !           205: conversion character applies to a long
        !           206: integer
        !           207: .IR arg .
        !           208: A
        !           209: .B l
        !           210: before any other conversion character is ignored.
        !           211: .PP
        !           212: A character that indicates the type of
        !           213: conversion to be applied.
        !           214: .RE
        !           215: .PP
        !           216: A field width or precision may be
        !           217: indicated by an asterisk
        !           218: .RB ( \(** )
        !           219: instead of a digit string.
        !           220: In this case, an integer
        !           221: .I arg\^
        !           222: supplies
        !           223: the field width or precision.
        !           224: The
        !           225: .I arg\^
        !           226: that is actually converted is not fetched until
        !           227: the conversion letter is seen, so the
        !           228: .IR arg s
        !           229: specifying field width or precision must appear
        !           230: .I before\^
        !           231: the
        !           232: .I arg\^
        !           233: (if any) to be converted.
        !           234: .PP
        !           235: The flag characters and their meanings are:
        !           236: .PD 0
        !           237: .TP 10
        !           238: .B \-
        !           239: The result of the conversion will be left-justified within the field.
        !           240: .TP
        !           241: .B +
        !           242: The result of a signed
        !           243: conversion will always begin with a sign
        !           244: .RB ( +
        !           245: or
        !           246: .BR \- ).
        !           247: .TP
        !           248: blank
        !           249: If the first character of a signed conversion is not a sign, a blank
        !           250: will be prefixed to the result.
        !           251: This implies that if the blank and
        !           252: .B +
        !           253: flags both appear, the blank flag will be ignored.
        !           254: .TP
        !           255: .B #
        !           256: This flag specifies that the value is to be converted
        !           257: to an ``alternate form.''\ 
        !           258: For
        !           259: .BR c ,
        !           260: .BR d ,
        !           261: .BR s ,
        !           262: and
        !           263: .B u
        !           264: conversions, the flag has no effect.
        !           265: For
        !           266: .B o
        !           267: conversion, it increases the precision to force
        !           268: the first digit of the result to be a zero.
        !           269: For
        !           270: .B x
        !           271: or
        !           272: .B X
        !           273: conversion, a non-zero result will have
        !           274: .B 0x
        !           275: or
        !           276: .B 0X
        !           277: prefixed to it.
        !           278: For
        !           279: .BR e ,
        !           280: .BR E ,
        !           281: .BR f ,
        !           282: .BR g ,
        !           283: and
        !           284: .B G
        !           285: conversions, the result will always contain a decimal point,
        !           286: even if no digits follow the point (normally, a decimal point
        !           287: appears in the result of these conversions only if a digit
        !           288: follows it).
        !           289: For
        !           290: .B g
        !           291: and
        !           292: .B G
        !           293: conversions, trailing zeroes will
        !           294: .I not\^
        !           295: be removed from the result
        !           296: (which they normally are).
        !           297: .PD
        !           298: .PP
        !           299: The conversion characters
        !           300: and their meanings are:
        !           301: .PP
        !           302: .PD 0
        !           303: .TP 10
        !           304: \f3d\fP,\f3o\fP,\f3u\fP,\f3x\fP,\f3X\fP
        !           305: The integer
        !           306: .I arg\^
        !           307: is converted to signed decimal,
        !           308: unsigned octal, decimal, or
        !           309: hexadecimal notation
        !           310: .RB ( x
        !           311: and
        !           312: .BR X ),
        !           313: respectively;
        !           314: the letters
        !           315: .B abcdef
        !           316: are used for
        !           317: .B x
        !           318: conversion and the letters
        !           319: .SM
        !           320: .B ABCDEF
        !           321: for
        !           322: .B X
        !           323: conversion.
        !           324: The precision specifies the minimum number of digits
        !           325: to appear; if the value being converted can be represented
        !           326: in fewer digits, it will be expanded with leading zeroes.
        !           327: (For compatibility with older versions,
        !           328: padding with leading zeroes may alternatively be specified by
        !           329: prepending a zero to the field width.
        !           330: This does not imply an octal value for the field width.)
        !           331: The default precision is 1.
        !           332: The result of converting a zero value with a precision
        !           333: of zero is a null string.
        !           334: .TP
        !           335: .BR f
        !           336: The float or double
        !           337: .I arg\^
        !           338: is converted to decimal notation
        !           339: in the style ``[\f3\-\fP]ddd\f3.\fPddd,''
        !           340: where the number of digits after the decimal point
        !           341: is equal to the precision specification.
        !           342: If the precision
        !           343: is missing,
        !           344: six digits are output;
        !           345: if the precision is explicitly 0,
        !           346: no decimal point appears.
        !           347: .TP
        !           348: .BR e , E
        !           349: The float or double
        !           350: .I arg\^
        !           351: is converted in the style
        !           352: ``[\f3\-\fP]d\f3.\fPddd\f3e\(+-\fPdd,''
        !           353: where there is one digit before the decimal point and
        !           354: the number of digits after it is equal to the
        !           355: precision;
        !           356: when the precision is missing,
        !           357: six digits are produced;
        !           358: if the precision is zero, no decimal point appears.
        !           359: The
        !           360: .B E
        !           361: format code will produce a number with
        !           362: .B E
        !           363: instead of
        !           364: .B e
        !           365: introducing the exponent.
        !           366: The exponent always contains at least two digits.
        !           367: .TP
        !           368: .BR g , G
        !           369: The float or double
        !           370: .I arg\^
        !           371: is printed in style
        !           372: .BR f
        !           373: or
        !           374: .BR e
        !           375: (or in style
        !           376: .B E
        !           377: in the case of a
        !           378: .B G
        !           379: format code),
        !           380: with the precision specifying the number of significant digits.
        !           381: The style used depends on the value converted:
        !           382: style
        !           383: .B e
        !           384: will be used only if the exponent resulting from
        !           385: the conversion is less than \-4 or greater than the precision.
        !           386: Trailing zeroes are removed from the result; a decimal point
        !           387: appears only if it is followed by a digit.
        !           388: .TP
        !           389: .B c
        !           390: The character
        !           391: .I arg\^
        !           392: is printed.
        !           393: .TP
        !           394: .B s
        !           395: The
        !           396: .I arg\^
        !           397: is taken to be a string (character pointer)
        !           398: and characters from the string are printed until
        !           399: a null character
        !           400: .RB ( \e0 )
        !           401: is encountered or
        !           402: the number of characters indicated by the precision
        !           403: specification is reached.
        !           404: If the precision is missing, it is taken to be infinite, so
        !           405: all characters up to the first null character are printed.
        !           406: A 
        !           407: .SM NULL
        !           408: value for
        !           409: .I arg\^
        !           410: will yield undefined results.
        !           411: .TP
        !           412: .B %
        !           413: Print a
        !           414: .BR % ;
        !           415: no argument is converted.
        !           416: .PD
        !           417: .PP
        !           418: In no case does a non-existent or small field width
        !           419: cause truncation of a field;
        !           420: if the result of a conversion is wider than the field width,
        !           421: the field is simply expanded to contain the conversion result.
        !           422: Characters generated by
        !           423: .IR Printf\^ ,
        !           424: .IR printf\^ ,
        !           425: .IR Fprintf\^ ,
        !           426: and
        !           427: .I fprintf\^
        !           428: are printed as if
        !           429: .IR putc (3S)
        !           430: had been called.
        !           431: Characters generated by
        !           432: .I Lprintf\^
        !           433: and
        !           434: .I lprintf\^
        !           435: are printed as if
        !           436: .IR lputchar (3L)
        !           437: had been called.
        !           438: Characters generated by
        !           439: .I Bprintf
        !           440: and
        !           441: .I bprintf
        !           442: are printed as if
        !           443: .IR bputchar (3L)
        !           444: had been called.
        !           445: .PP
        !           446: The routines
        !           447: .IR printf ,
        !           448: .IR lprintf ,
        !           449: .IR bprintf ,
        !           450: .IR fprintf ,
        !           451: and
        !           452: .I sprintf
        !           453: support only the
        !           454: .BR d ,
        !           455: .BR o ,
        !           456: .BR u ,
        !           457: .BR x ,
        !           458: .BR s ,
        !           459: and
        !           460: .B c
        !           461: conversion characters and the optional
        !           462: .BR l .
        !           463: They do not support floating point format, flags, field width, or
        !           464: precision options. This makes their code size small.
        !           465: .SH EXAMPLES
        !           466: To print a date and time in the form ``Sunday, July 3, 10:02,''
        !           467: where
        !           468: .I weekday\^
        !           469: and
        !           470: .I month\^
        !           471: are pointers to null-terminated strings:
        !           472: .RS
        !           473: .nh
        !           474: .PP
        !           475: Lprintf("%s,\ %s\ %d,\ %d\fB:\fP%\fB.\fP2d",\ weekday,\ month,\ day,\ hour,\ min);
        !           476: .RE
        !           477: .PP
        !           478: .hy 14
        !           479: To print
        !           480: .if n .I pi\^
        !           481: .if t \(*p
        !           482: to 5 decimal places:
        !           483: .RS
        !           484: .PP
        !           485: Lprintf("pi \|= \|%\f3.\fP5f", \|4 \(** atan(1\f3.\fP0));
        !           486: .RE
        !           487: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           488: jx(1), bputchar(3L), ecvt(3L), lputchar(3L).
        !           489: .br
        !           490: putc(3S) in the \fIUNIX System V Programmer's Reference Manual\fR.
        !           491: .\"    @(#)printf.3l   1.1.1.1 of 4/1/87

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