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1.1 root 1: .pa 1
2: .he 'LD (I)'3/15/72'LD (I)'
3: .ti 0
4: NAME ld -- link editor
5: .sp
6: .ti 0
7: SYNOPSIS ld__ [ -sulxr______ ] name\d1\u ...
8: .sp
9: .ti 0
10: DESCRIPTION ld__ combines several
11: object programs into one; resolves external
12: references; and searches libraries.
13: In the simplest case the names of several object
14: programs are given, and ld__ combines them, producing
15: an object module which can be either executed or
16: become the input for a further ld__ run.
17: In the latter case, the "-r" option must be given
18: to preserve the relocation bits.
19: .sp
20: The argument routines are concatenated in the order
21: specified. The entry point of the output is the
22: beginning of the first routine.
23: .sp
24: If any argument is a library, it is searched exactly once.
25: Only those routines defining an unresolved external
26: reference are loaded.
27: If a routine from a library
28: references another routine in the library,
29: the referenced routine must appear after the
30: referencing routine in the library.
31: Thus the order of programs within libraries
32: is important.
33: .sp
34: ld__ understands several flag arguments which are written
35: preceded by a "-":
36: .sp
37: .in +6
38: .ti -3
39: -s "squash" the output, that is, remove the symbol table
40: and relocation bits to save space (but impair the
41: usefulness of the debugger).
42: This information can also be removed by strip_____.
43: .ti -3
44: .sp
45: -u take the following argument as a symbol and enter
46: it as undefined in the symbol table. This is useful
47: for loading wholly from a library, since initially the symbol
48: table is empty and an unresolved reference is needed
49: to force the loading of the first routine.
50: .sp
51: .ti -3
52: -l This option is an abbreviation for a library name.
53: "-l" alone stands for "/usr/lib/liba.a", which
54: is the standard system library for assembly language
55: programs.
56: "-lx" stands for "/usr/lib/libx.a" where x is any character.
57: There are libraries for Fortran (x="f"), C (x="c"), Explor (x="e") and B (x="b").
58:
59: .ti -3
60: -x Do not preserve local
61: (non-.globl) symbols in the output symbol table; only enter
62: external symbols.
63: This option saves some space in the output file.
64:
65: .ti -3
66: -r generate relocation bits in the output file
67: so that it can be the subject of another ld__ run.
68: .sp
69: .in -6
70: The output of ld__ is left on a.out_____. This file is executable
71: only if no errors occurred during the load.
72: .sp
73: .ti 0
74: FILES /usr/lib/lib?.a libraries
75: .br
76: a.out output file
77: .sp
78: .ti 0
79: SEE ALSO as(I), ar(I)
80: .sp
81: .ti 0
82: DIAGNOSTICS "file
83: not found"-- bad argument
84: .sp
85: "bad format"-- bad argument
86: .sp
87: "relocation error"-- bad argument (relocation
88: bits corrupted)
89: .sp
90: "multiply defined"-- same symbol defined twice in same load
91: .sp
92: "un"-- stands for "undefined symbol"
93:
94: "symbol not found"-- loader bug
95:
96: "can't move output file"-- can't move temporary to a.out file
97:
98: "no relocation bits"-- an input file lacks relocation information
99:
100: "too many symbols"-- too many references to external
101: symbols in a given routine
102:
103: "premature EOF"
104:
105: "can't create l.out"-- cannot make temporary file
106:
107: "multiple entry point"-- more than one entry point
108: specified (not possible yet).
109: .sp
110: .ti 0
111: BUGS --
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