Return to speak.1 CVS log

Up to [Research Unix] / researchv10dc / dist / man / v4 / man1

Annotation of researchv10dc/dist/man/v4/man1/speak.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .th SPEAK I 8/15/73
        !             2: .if t .ds A \o"a\(ga"
        !             3: .if n .ds A a`
        !             4: .if t .ds v \|\(bv
        !             5: .sh NAME
        !             6: speak \*- word to voice translator
        !             7: .sh SYNOPSIS
        !             8: .bd speak
        !             9: [
        !            10: .bd \*-epsv
        !            11: ] [ vocabulary [ output ] ]
        !            12: .sh DESCRIPTION
        !            13: .it Speak
        !            14: turns a stream of words
        !            15: into utterances and outputs them to a voice synthesizer,
        !            16: or to a specified output file.
        !            17: It has facilities for maintaining a vocabulary.
        !            18: It receives, from the standard input 
        !            19: .s3
        !            20: .lp +5 3
        !            21: \*-    working lines: text of words separated by blanks
        !            22: .lp +5 3
        !            23: \*-    phonetic lines: strings of phonemes for one word preceded
        !            24: and separated by commas.
        !            25: The phonemes may be followed by comma-percent then a `replacement
        !            26: part' \*- an ASCII string with no spaces.
        !            27: The phonetic code is given in vsp(VII).
        !            28: .lp +5 3
        !            29: \*-    empty lines
        !            30: .lp +5 3
        !            31: \*-    command lines: beginning with
        !            32: .bd !.
        !            33: The following command lines
        !            34: are recognized:
        !            35: .s3
        !            36: .lp +15 10
        !            37: \fB!r\fR file  replace coded vocabulary from file
        !            38: .lp +15 10
        !            39: \fB!w\fR file  write coded vocabulary on file
        !            40: .lp +15 10
        !            41: \fB!p\fR       print parsing for working word
        !            42: .lp +15 10
        !            43: \fB!l\fR       list vocabulary on standard output with phonetics
        !            44: .lp +15 10
        !            45: \fB!c\fR word  copy phonetics from working word to
        !            46: specified word
        !            47: .lp +15 10
        !            48: \fB!d\fR       print phonetics for working word
        !            49: .s3
        !            50: .i0
        !            51: Each working line replaces its predecessor.
        !            52: Its first word is the `working word'.
        !            53: Each phonetic line replaces the phonetics stored for the
        !            54: working word.
        !            55: In particular, a phonetic line of comma only deletes the
        !            56: entry for the working word.
        !            57: Each working line, phonetic line or empty line
        !            58: causes the working line to be uttered.
        !            59: The process terminates at the end of input.
        !            60: .s3
        !            61: Unknown words are pronounced by rules, and failing that,
        !            62: are spelled.
        !            63: Spelling is done by taking each character of
        !            64: the word, prefixing it with *, and looking it up.
        !            65: Unspellable words burp.
        !            66: .s3
        !            67: .it Speak
        !            68: is initialized with a coded vocabulary stored in file
        !            69: /usr/lib/speak.m.
        !            70: The vocabulary option substitutes a different file for
        !            71: /usr/lib/speak.m.
        !            72: .s3
        !            73: A set of single letter options may
        !            74: appear in any order preceded by
        !            75: .bd \*-.
        !            76: Their meanings are:
        !            77: .s3
        !            78: .lp +8 4
        !            79: \fB\*-e\fR     suppress English steps (4\*-8) below
        !            80: .lp +8 4
        !            81: \fB\*-p\fR     suppress pronunciation by rule
        !            82: .lp +8 4
        !            83: \fB\*-s\fR     suppress spelling
        !            84: .lp +8 4
        !            85: \fB\*-v\fR     suppress voice output
        !            86: .s3
        !            87: .i0
        !            88: .ne4
        !            89: The steps of pronunciation by rule are:
        !            90: .s3
        !            91: .lp +5 5
        !            92: (1)    If there were no lower case letters in the working line,
        !            93: fold all upper case letters to lower.
        !            94: .lp +5 5
        !            95: (2)    Fold an initial cap to lower case, and try again.
        !            96: .lp +5 5
        !            97: (3)    If word has only one letter, or has no lower case vowels, quit.
        !            98: .lp +5 5
        !            99: (4)    If there is a final 
        !           100: .it s,
        !           101: strip it.
        !           102: .lp +5 5
        !           103: (5)    Replace final \*-ie by \*-y.
        !           104: .lp +5 5
        !           105: (6)    If any changes have been made, try whole word again.
        !           106: .lp +5 5
        !           107: (7)    Locate probable long vowels and capitalize them.
        !           108: Mark probable silent \fIe\fR's.
        !           109: .lp +5 5
        !           110: (8)    Put back the 
        !           111: .it s
        !           112: stripped in (4), if any.
        !           113: .lp +5 5
        !           114: (9)    Place # before and after word.
        !           115: .lp +5 5
        !           116: (10)   Prefix word with 
        !           117: .it %,
        !           118: and look up longest initial match
        !           119: in the stored table of words; if none, quit.
        !           120: .lp +5 5
        !           121: (11)   Use phonemes from the stored phonetic string as
        !           122: pronunciation, and replace the matched stuff by the
        !           123: replacement part of the phonetic string.
        !           124: .lp +5 5
        !           125: (12)   If anything remains, go to (10).
        !           126: .s3
        !           127: .i0
        !           128: Long vowels are located this way in step (7):
        !           129: .s3
        !           130: .lp +5 5
        !           131: (1)    A \fIu\fR appearing in context
        !           132: [^aeiou]u[^aeiouwxy][aieouy].
        !           133: (The notation is just a regular expression \*A la ed(I).)
        !           134: .ft I
        !           135: (pustUlous)
        !           136: .ft R
        !           137: .lp +5 5
        !           138: (2)    One of [aeo] appearing in the context 
        !           139: [aeo][^aehiouwxy][ie][aou]
        !           140: or in the context [aeo][^aehiouwxy]ien is assumed long.
        !           141: The digram \fIth\fR behaves as a single letter in this test.
        !           142: .ft I
        !           143: (rAdium, facEtious, quOtient, carpAthian)
        !           144: .ft R
        !           145: .lp +5 5
        !           146: (3)    If the first vowel in the word is \fIi\fR followed by one of
        !           147: \fIaou,\fR it is assumed long.
        !           148: .ft I
        !           149: (Iodine, dIameter, trIumph)
        !           150: .ft R
        !           151: .lp +5 5
        !           152: (4)    If the only vowel in the word is final \fIe,\fR the vowel is
        !           153: assumed long.
        !           154: .ft I
        !           155: (bE, shE)
        !           156: .ft R
        !           157: .lp +5 5
        !           158: (5)    If the only vowels in the word appear in the pattern
        !           159: [aeiouy][^aeiouwxy]S, where S is one of the suffixes
        !           160: .br
        !           161: .dt
        !           162:        \*-al   \*-le   \*-re   \*-y
        !           163: .br
        !           164: .lp +5 0
        !           165: then the first vowel is assumed long.
        !           166: .ft I
        !           167: (glObal, tAble, lUcre, lAdy)
        !           168: .ft R
        !           169: .lp +5 5
        !           170: (6)    If no suffix was found in (5),
        !           171: as many of these suffixes as possible are isolated from
        !           172: right to left.
        !           173: Stripping stops when \fIe\fR has been stripped,
        !           174: nor is \fIe\fR stripped before a suffix beginning with \fIe\fR.
        !           175: Each suffix is marked by inserting \*v just before the first letter, or
        !           176: just after \fIe\fR in those suffixes that begin with \fIe\fR.
        !           177: .br
        !           178: .dt
        !           179:        \*-able \*-ably \*-e    \*-ed   \*-en
        !           180: .br
        !           181:        \*-er   \*-ery  \*-est  \*-ful  \*-ly
        !           182: .br
        !           183:        \*-ing  \*-less \*-ment \*-ness \*-or
        !           184: .lp +5 0
        !           185: .ft I
        !           186: (care\*vful\*vly, maj\*vor, fine\*vry, state\*v, caree\*vr)
        !           187: .ft R
        !           188: .lp +5 5
        !           189: (7)    If the word, exclusive of suffixes, ends in \fIi\fR or \fIy\fR,
        !           190: and contains no earlier vowel, then \fIi\fR or \fIy\fR is assumed long.
        !           191: .ft I
        !           192: (pY \fR(from pie),\fI crY\*ving, lIe\*vd)
        !           193: .ft R
        !           194: .lp +5 5
        !           195: (8)    If the first suffix begins with one of [aeio],
        !           196: then the vowel [aeiouy] in an immediately
        !           197: preceding pattern [^aeo][aeiouy][^aeiouwxy]
        !           198: is assumed long.
        !           199: The digram \fIth\fR behaves as a single letter in this test.
        !           200: .ft I
        !           201: (cAre\*vful\*vly, bAthe\*vd, mAj\*vor, pOt\*vable, port\*vable)
        !           202: .ft R
        !           203: .lp +5 5
        !           204: (9)    In these exceptional cases no long letter is assumed in the
        !           205: preceding step:
        !           206: .lp +10 5
        !           207: (i)    before \fIg\fR, if there are any earlier vowels
        !           208: .ft I
        !           209: (postage\*v, stAge\*v, college\*v)
        !           210: .ft R
        !           211: .lp +10 5
        !           212: (ii)   \fIe\fR is not long before \fIl\fR
        !           213: .ft I
        !           214: (travele\*vd)
        !           215: .ft R
        !           216: .lp +5 5
        !           217: (10)   If the first suffix begins with one of [aeio],
        !           218: and the word exclusive of suffixes ends in 
        !           219: [aeiouyAEIOUY]th, then
        !           220: digram \fIth\fR is capitalized.
        !           221: .ft I
        !           222: (breaTH\*ving, blITHe\*vly)
        !           223: .ft R
        !           224: .lp +5 5
        !           225: (11)   An attempt is made to
        !           226: recognize silent \fIe\fR in the middle of compound words.
        !           227: Such an \fIe\fR is marked by a following \*v, and preceding vowels, other than
        !           228: \fIe\fR, are assumed long as in step (8).
        !           229: Silent \fIe\fR is marked in the context 
        !           230: [bdgmnprst][bdgpt]le[^aeioruy\*v]S,
        !           231: where S is any
        !           232: string that contains [aeiouy] but does not contain \*v or the end of the word.
        !           233: Silent \fIe\fR is also marked in the context
        !           234: [^aeiu][aiou][^aeiouwxy]e[^aeinoruy]S.
        !           235: .ft I
        !           236: (simple\*vton, fAce\*vguard, cAve\*vman, cavernous)
        !           237: .ft R
        !           238: .s0
        !           239: .sh FILES
        !           240: /usr/lib/speak.m
        !           241: .sh "SEE ALSO"
        !           242: vs(VII), vs(IV)
        !           243: .sh DIAGNOSTICS
        !           244: `?' for unknown command with 
        !           245: .bd !,
        !           246: or for
        !           247: unreadable or unwritable vocabulary file
        !           248: .sh BUGS
        !           249: Vocabulary overflow is unchecked.
        !           250: Excessively long words cause dumps.
        !           251: Space is not reclaimed from deleted entries.

This archive runs on limited infrastructure. Preserving old code on modern bandwidth. Automated agents are requested to crawl responsibly.