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1.1 root 1: .de H
2: .LP
3: .in 1n
4: .ti 0
5: .HI \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6
6: ..
7: .de HI
8: .B
9: \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6
10: .R
11: ..
12: .de C
13: .I
14: .if \\n(.$=1 \\$1
15: .if \\n(.$=2 \\$1 \\$2
16: .if \\n(.$=3 \\$1 \\$2 \\$3
17: .if \\n(.$=4 \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4
18: .if \\n(.$=5 \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5
19: .if \\n(.$=6 \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6
20: .R
21: ..
22: .rs
23: .SP .5i
24: .TL
25: GLOSSARY
26: .SP 2
27: .LP
28: This glossary covers major terms that have special meaning for the
29: UNIX system.
30: It excludes ordinary terms of art such as
31: `ASCII', `compiler', `address space', or `byte'.
32: It also excludes most terms peculiar to a single part of UNIX, e.g.
33: `diversion' (\fItroff\fR), `enumeration' (C),
34: or `pattern space' (\fIsed\fR).
35: .SP 1.3v
36: .nr PS 9
37: .nr VS 10
38: .2C
39: .H absolute pathname\
40: same as
41: .C full pathname.
42: .nr PD 1u
43: .H access time\
44: the most recent
45: .C time
46: at which the contents of a
47: .C file
48: [2] were read or
49: .C executed
50: [2]; cf.\&
51: .C modification time.
52: .H alarm\
53: a
54: .C signal
55: scheduled by the clock.
56: .H a.out\
57: the default name of a freshly compiled
58: .C object file,
59: pronounced `A-dot-out';
60: historically
61: .CW a.out
62: signified assembler output.
63: .H archive\
64: 1.\&
65: a collection of data gathered from several
66: .C files
67: into one file.
68: 2.\&
69: especially, such a collection gathered by
70: .I ar (1)
71: for use as a
72: .C library.
73: .H argument\
74: 1.\&
75: a
76: string made available to a
77: .C process
78: upon
79: .C executing
80: a
81: .C file.
82: 2.\&
83: a string in a
84: .C command,
85: which the
86: .C shell
87: [1] will pass to the command program
88: as an argument [1].
89: .H ASCII file\
90: same as
91: .C text file.
92: .H automatic\
93: persistent only during the invocation of a procedure, said of
94: data belonging to a
95: .C process;
96: automatic data occupies the
97: .C stack segment;
98: cf.\&
99: .C static.
100: .H background\
101: running independently of a
102: terminal, said of a
103: .C process;
104: converse of
105: .C foreground.
106: .H basename\
107: 1.\&
108: the last component of a
109: .C pathname;
110: the basename of
111: .CW /bin/proc
112: is
113: .CW proc .
114: 2.\&
115: occasionally a basename [1] with conventional
116: suffixes removed; see
117: .I basename (1).
118: .H blit\
119: vernacular name for a prototype
120: Teletype 5620 terminal; cf.\&
121: .C jerq.
122: .H block\
123: the basic unit of
124: .C buffering
125: [1]
126: in a
127: .C file system
128: [3], 1024 or 4096 bytes in this system.
129: .H block device\
130: a
131: .C device
132: that may contain a
133: .C file system
134: [3],
135: typically a permanent storage device such as a tape or
136: disk drive; the unit of data transfer is one
137: .C block;
138: cf.\&
139: .C character device.
140: .H boot\
141: to start the operating system, so called because the
142: .C kernel
143: must bootstrap itself from secondary store into an empty machine.
144: No
145: .C login
146: [3]
147: or
148: .C process
149: persists across a boot.
150: .H boot block\
151: the first block of a
152: .C file system
153: [1],
154: which is reserved for a
155: .C booting
156: program.
157: .H break\
158: 1.\&
159: an out-of-band signal on an asynchronous data line arising from
160: the `break' or `interrupt' key on a terminal;
161: before
162: .C logging in
163: a break causes a change in baud rate;
164: thereafter it is interpreted as an
165: .C interrupt.
166: 2.\&
167: a control statement in C or
168: .I sh (1).
169: 3.\&
170: the
171: .C program break.
172: 4.\&
173: in
174: .I troff (1),
175: a point in running text where a new line must begin.
176: .H BSD\
177: see
178: .C UNIX.
179: .H bss segment\
180: see
181: .C segment.
182: .H buffer\
183: 1.\&
184: a staging area for input-output where arbitrary-length
185: transactions are collected into convenient units for system operations.
186: 2.\&
187: to use buffers.
188: .H buffer pool\
189: a region of
190: .C kernel
191: memory available for holding
192: .C blocks;
193: non-\c
194: .C raw
195: input-output for
196: .C block devices
197: and
198: .C file systems
199: [3]
200: goes through the buffer pool to make
201: read and write operations
202: independent of device format.
203: .H cbreak\
204: a mode of terminal input in which every character not a
205: .C special character
206: becomes available to a
207: .I read (2)
208: operation as soon as it is typed, instead of being
209: .C buffered
210: up to a
211: .C newline
212: or
213: .C EOT character.
214: .H change time\
215: the most recent
216: .C time
217: at which the contents of a
218: .C file
219: [2] or its
220: .C inode
221: properties (e.g.
222: .C owner
223: and
224: .I mode )
225: were altered;
226: cf.\&
227: .C modification time.
228: .H character\
229: 1.\&
230: a unit of store, usually 8 bits;
231: a byte.
232: 2.\&
233: a token of the
234: ASCII
235: code, with octal value in the range 0 to 0177.
236: .H character device\
237: a
238: .C device,
239: such as a terminal or the
240: .C null device,
241: that ca
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