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1.1 root 1: .TH CC 1
2: .CT 1 prog_c
3: .SH NAME
4: cc, lcc \- C compilers
5: .SH SYNOPSIS
6: .B cc
7: [
8: .I option ...
9: ]
10: .I file ...
11: .PP
12: .B lcc
13: [
14: .I option ...
15: ]
16: .I file ...
17: .SH DESCRIPTION
18: .I Cc
19: compiles the classic C language;
20: .I lcc
21: compiles
22: .SM ANSI.
23: They are otherwise similar.
24: In the absence of options, any named source
25: .I files
26: are compiled into object files and then linked,
27: together with any named object
28: .I files,
29: into a single executable file named
30: .FR a.out .
31: Compilation normally has four phases: preprocessing of
32: .B #
33: directives, compilation to assembly language, assembly,
34: and linking.
35: Suffixes of
36: .I file
37: names determine which phases they participate in:
38: .TP
39: .B .c
40: C source to be preprocessed and compiled.
41: Object code for this file is finally placed in a
42: correspondingly named
43: .L .o
44: file, except when exactly one file is being compiled and linked.
45: .TP
46: .B .i
47: C source to be compiled without preprocessing;
48: .B #
49: directives are ignored by
50: .I cc,
51: forbidden by
52: .I lcc.
53: .TP
54: .B .s
55: Assembler source to be assembled, producing a
56: .L .o
57: file.
58: .TP
59: .B .o
60: A preexisting object file to be linked.
61: .PP
62: Both compilers accept options of
63: .IR ld (1),
64: the most common of which are
65: .B -o
66: (to substitute a name for
67: .BR a.out )
68: and
69: .BR -l
70: (to link from a library), and in addition
71: .TP
72: .B -c
73: Suppress the linking phase, producing
74: .B .o
75: files but no
76: .BR a.out .
77: .TP
78: .B -g
79: Produce additional symbol table information
80: for debuggers such as
81: .IR pi (9.1).
82: .TP
83: .B -O
84: Invoke an
85: object-code improver; superfluous in
86: .I lcc.
87: .TP
88: .B -w
89: Suppress warning diagnostics.
90: In
91: .I lcc,
92: .B #pragma ref
93: .I variable
94: supplies a dummy reference to suppress
95: an unused-variable diagnostic.
96: .TP
97: .B -p
98: Arrange for the compiler to produce code
99: which counts the number of times each routine is called;
100: also, if linking takes place, replace the standard startup
101: routine by one which arranges to gather profiling data
102: for later examination by
103: .IR prof (1).
104: .TP
105: .B -pg
106: Like
107: .B -p
108: but for
109: .IR gprof
110: instead of
111: .IR prof (1).
112: .TP
113: .B -S
114: Compile the named C programs, and leave the
115: assembler-language output in
116: .B .s
117: files.
118: .TP
119: .B -E
120: Run the preprocessor
121: on the named C programs, and send the result to the
122: standard output.
123: .TP
124: .B -C
125: Prevent the preprocessor from eliding comments.
126: .TP
127: .BI -D\*S name=def
128: .br
129: .ns
130: .TP
131: .BI -D \*Sname
132: Define the
133: .I name
134: to the preprocessor,
135: as if by
136: .LR #define .
137: If no definition is given, the name is defined as
138: .LR 1 .
139: .I Lcc
140: predefines a few symbols on most machines; option
141: .B -v
142: exposes them.
143: .TP
144: .BI -U \*Sname
145: Remove any initial definition of
146: .IR name .
147: .TP
148: .BI -I \*Sdir
149: .L #include
150: files whose names do not begin with
151: .L /
152: are always
153: sought first in the directory
154: of the
155: .I file
156: argument,
157: then in directories named in
158: .B -I
159: options,
160: then in directories on a standard list.
161: .PP
162: These options are peculiar to
163: .IR cc :
164: .TP
165: .B -P
166: Run the preprocessor on each
167: .L .c
168: file.
169: Produce no line numbers.
170: Place results in
171: .L .i
172: files.
173: .TP
174: .B -R
175: Cause
176: .IR as (1)
177: to make initialized variables shared and read-only.
178: .TP
179: .BI -B \*Sstring
180: Find substitute compiler passes in the files named
181: .I string
182: with the suffixes cpp, ccom and c2.
183: If
184: .I string
185: is empty, use a standard backup version.
186: .TP
187: .BR -t [ p012 ]
188: Find only the designated compiler passes in the
189: files whose names are constructed by a
190: .B -B
191: option.
192: In the absence of a
193: .B -B
194: option, the
195: .I string
196: is taken to be
197: .FR /usr/c/ .
198: .PP
199: These options are peculiar to
200: .IR lcc :
201: .TP
202: .B \-N
203: Do not search standard directories for include files.
204: Omit non-ANSI language extensions.
205: .TP
206: .B \-A
207: Warn about calls to functions without prototypes.
208: .TP
209: .BI \-d n
210: Generate jump tables for switches with density at least
211: .IR n ,
212: a floating-point constant between zero and one,
213: 0.5 by default.
214: .TP
215: .B \-P
216: Write declarations for all defined globals on standard error.
217: .TP
218: .B \-n
219: Produce code
220: that reports and aborts upon dereferencing a zero pointer.
221: .TP
222: .B \-M
223: Run only the preprocessor to generate
224: .IR make (1)
225: dependencies on the standard output.
226: .TP
227: .B \-T
228: Allow
229: .SM ANSI
230: standard trigraph sequences.
231: .TP
232: .BI \-B str
233: Use the compiler
234: .IB str rcc
235: instead of the default version.
236: .I Str
237: usually ends with a slash.
238: .TP
239: .B \-v
240: Report compiler steps (and some version numbers) as
241: they are executed.
242: A second
243: .B \-v
244: causes steps to be reported but not executed.
245: .PP
246: .I Lcc
247: supports
248: .BI asm( string ).
249: The given string constant is copied to the generated
250: assembly language output with occurrences of
251: .BI % name
252: replaced by the address or register for identifier
253: .I name
254: if it is visible.
255: Otherwise,
256: .BI % name
257: is simply copied to the output.
258: Wide-character literals are treated as plain char literals;
259: ints and long ints are the same size,
260: as are doubles and long doubles.
261: .SH EXAMPLES
262: .TP
263: .L
264: lcc -N -I/usr/include/libc file.c
265: Use local include files instead of
266: .SM ANSI
267: standard ones, which lack most functions of Section 2
268: of this manual, and often disagree (especially about
269: .BR const )
270: with those in Section 3.
271: See
272: .IR intro (3).
273: .SH FILES
274: .PP
275: Different machines use different file names, so this list is
276: only representative.
277: .I Lcc
278: option
279: .B -v
280: exposes the correct names.
281: .TF /usr/include/libc
282: .TP
283: .F a.out
284: linked output
285: .TP
286: .F /tmp/ctm*
287: temporary
288: .TP
289: .F /lib/cpp
290: preprocessor,
291: .IR cpp (8)
292: .TP
293: .F /usr/lib/gcc-cpp
294: .SM ANSI
295: preprocessor
296: .TP
297: .F /lib/ccom
298: .I cc
299: compiler proper
300: .TP
301: .F /lib/c2
302: optional optimizer for
303: .I cc
304: .TP
305: .F /bin/as
306: assembler,
307: .IR as (1)
308: .TP
309: .F /usr/lib/rcc
310: .I lcc
311: compiler proper
312: .TP
313: .F /lib/crt0.o
314: runtime startoff
315: .TP
316: .F /lib/mcrt0.o
317: startoff for profiling
318: .TP
319: .F /lib/libc.a
320: standard library, see
321: .IR intro (3)
322: .TP
323: .F /usr/include
324: directory for
325: .I cc
326: .L #include
327: files
328: .TP
329: .F /usr/include/lcc
330: directory for
331: .SM ANSI
332: standard
333: .L #include
334: files
335: .TP
336: .F /usr/include/libc
337: directory for local
338: .I lcc
339: include files
340: .SH "SEE ALSO"
341: .IR lint (1),
342: .IR ld (1),
343: .IR strip (1),
344: .IR nm (1),
345: .IR prof (1),
346: .IR cin (1),
347: .IR adb (1),
348: .IR pi (9.1),
349: .IR c++ (1)
350: .br
351: B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie,
352: .I The C Programming Language,
353: 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall, 1988
354: .SH BUGS
355: .I Cc
356: cannot handle the
357: .L -y
358: flag of
359: .I ld.
360: .br
361: .I Lcc
362: currently uses the pre-ANSI library.
363: .SH MACHINE DEPENDENCIES
364: .SS VAX
365: .B -pg
366: is unimplemented.
367: .br
368: .I Cc
369: and
370: .I lcc
371: use incompatible bit-field layouts and structure return conventions.
372: .SS MIPS
373: .I Lcc
374: does not implement
375: .B -p
376: or
377: .BR -pg ,
378: and its
379: .B -g
380: supports breakpoints but not the examination of variables.
381: .br
382: .I Cc
383: and
384: .I lcc
385: use incompatible bit-field layouts.
386: .SS Sun
387: .I Lcc
388: options
389: .B -Bdynamic
390: and
391: .B -Bstatic
392: give the binding strategy; see
393: .IR ld (1).
394: .br
395: .I Cc and
396: .I lcc
397: use incompatible bit-field layouts and structure return conventions.
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