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1.1 ! root 1: .TH CHMOD 1 ! 2: .CT 1 files dirs secur ! 3: .SH NAME ! 4: chmod \- change mode ! 5: .SH SYNOPSIS ! 6: .B chmod ! 7: .I mode file ... ! 8: .SH DESCRIPTION ! 9: The mode of ! 10: each named file ! 11: is changed ! 12: according to ! 13: .I mode, ! 14: which may be absolute or symbolic. ! 15: An absolute ! 16: .I mode ! 17: is an octal ! 18: number constructed ! 19: from the OR of the ! 20: following modes. ! 21: (Modes that contain a 1000 bit are incompatible with ! 22: other modes that have any bits among 7000.) ! 23: .TP ! 24: 4000 ! 25: set user ID on execution ! 26: .PD0 ! 27: .TP ! 28: 3000 ! 29: set exclusive access mode (1 writer or ! 30: .I n ! 31: readers) ! 32: .TP ! 33: 2000 ! 34: set group ID on execution ! 35: .TP ! 36: 1000 ! 37: set synchronized access mode (1 writer and ! 38: .I n ! 39: readers) ! 40: .TP ! 41: 0400 ! 42: read by owner ! 43: .TP ! 44: 0200 ! 45: write by owner ! 46: .TP ! 47: 0100 ! 48: execute (search in directory) by owner ! 49: .TP ! 50: 0070 ! 51: read, write, execute (search) by group ! 52: .TP ! 53: 0007 ! 54: read, write, execute (search) by others ! 55: .PD ! 56: .PP ! 57: A symbolic ! 58: .I mode ! 59: has the form: ! 60: .IP ! 61: .RI [ who ] ! 62: .I op permission ! 63: .RI [ "op permission" " ...]" ! 64: .PP ! 65: The ! 66: .I who ! 67: part is a combination ! 68: of the letters ! 69: .B u ! 70: (for user's permissions), ! 71: .B g ! 72: (group) ! 73: and ! 74: .B o ! 75: (other). ! 76: The letter ! 77: .B a ! 78: stands for ! 79: .B ugo. ! 80: If ! 81: .I who ! 82: is omitted, ! 83: the default is ! 84: .BR a . ! 85: .PP ! 86: .I Op ! 87: can be ! 88: .B + ! 89: to add ! 90: .I permission ! 91: to the file's mode, ! 92: .B - ! 93: to take away ! 94: .I permission ! 95: and ! 96: .B = ! 97: to assign ! 98: .I permission ! 99: absolutely ! 100: (all other bits will ! 101: be reset). ! 102: .PP ! 103: .I Permission ! 104: is any combination of the letters ! 105: .B r ! 106: (read), ! 107: .B w ! 108: (write), ! 109: .B x ! 110: (execute), ! 111: .B s ! 112: (set owner or group id) ! 113: .B e ! 114: (set exclusive access mode) ! 115: and ! 116: .B y ! 117: (set synchronized access mode). ! 118: Letters ! 119: .BR u, ! 120: .B g ! 121: or ! 122: .B o ! 123: indicate that ! 124: .I permission ! 125: is to be taken ! 126: from the current ! 127: mode. ! 128: Omitting ! 129: .I permission ! 130: is only useful ! 131: with ! 132: .B = ! 133: to take away ! 134: all permissions. ! 135: .PP ! 136: Multiple symbolic modes separated by commas may be given. ! 137: Operations are performed ! 138: in the order specified. ! 139: The letter ! 140: .B s ! 141: is only useful ! 142: with ! 143: .B u ! 144: or ! 145: .B g. ! 146: .PP ! 147: Only the owner of a file (or the super-user) may change its mode. ! 148: .PP ! 149: Synchronized access ! 150: guards against inconsistent updates ! 151: by preventing concurrent opens for writing. ! 152: Exclusive access ! 153: guards against inconsistent views ! 154: by preventing concurrent opens if one is for writing. ! 155: .SH EXAMPLES ! 156: .TP ! 157: .L ! 158: chmod o-w file ! 159: Deny write permission to others. ! 160: .TP ! 161: .L ! 162: chmod +x file ! 163: Make file executable. ! 164: .SH "SEE ALSO" ! 165: .IR ls (1), ! 166: .IR chmod (2), ! 167: .IR stat (2), ! 168: .IR chdate (1), ! 169: .IR chown (8)
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