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Annotation of researchv10dc/man/adm/man1/chmod.1, revision 1.1.1.1

1.1       root        1: .TH CHMOD 1 
                      2: .CT 1 files dirs secur
                      3: .SH NAME
                      4: chmod \- change mode
                      5: .SH SYNOPSIS
                      6: .B chmod
                      7: .I mode file ...
                      8: .SH DESCRIPTION
                      9: The mode of
                     10: each named file
                     11: is changed
                     12: according to
                     13: .I mode,
                     14: which may be absolute or symbolic.
                     15: An absolute
                     16: .I mode
                     17: is an octal
                     18: number constructed
                     19: from the OR of the
                     20: following modes.
                     21: (Modes that contain a 1000 bit are incompatible with
                     22: other modes that have any bits among 7000.)
                     23: .TP
                     24: 4000
                     25: set user ID on execution
                     26: .PD0
                     27: .TP
                     28: 3000
                     29: set exclusive access mode (1 writer or
                     30: .I n
                     31: readers)
                     32: .TP
                     33: 2000
                     34: set group ID on execution
                     35: .TP
                     36: 1000
                     37: set synchronized access mode (1 writer and
                     38: .I n
                     39: readers)
                     40: .TP
                     41: 0400
                     42: read by owner
                     43: .TP
                     44: 0200
                     45: write by owner
                     46: .TP
                     47: 0100
                     48: execute (search in directory) by owner
                     49: .TP
                     50: 0070
                     51: read, write, execute (search) by group
                     52: .TP
                     53: 0007
                     54: read, write, execute (search) by others
                     55: .PD
                     56: .PP
                     57: A symbolic
                     58: .I mode
                     59: has the form:
                     60: .IP
                     61: .RI [ who ]
                     62: .I op permission
                     63: .RI [ "op permission" " ...]"
                     64: .PP
                     65: The
                     66: .I who
                     67: part is a combination
                     68: of the letters 
                     69: .B u
                     70: (for user's permissions),
                     71: .B g
                     72: (group)
                     73: and
                     74: .B o
                     75: (other).
                     76: The letter
                     77: .B a
                     78: stands for
                     79: .B ugo.
                     80: If
                     81: .I who
                     82: is omitted,
                     83: the default is
                     84: .BR a .
                     85: .PP
                     86: .I Op
                     87: can be
                     88: .B +
                     89: to add
                     90: .I permission
                     91: to the file's mode,
                     92: .B -
                     93: to take away
                     94: .I permission
                     95: and
                     96: .B =
                     97: to assign
                     98: .I permission
                     99: absolutely
                    100: (all other bits will
                    101: be reset).
                    102: .PP
                    103: .I Permission
                    104: is any combination of the letters
                    105: .B r
                    106: (read),
                    107: .B w
                    108: (write),
                    109: .B x
                    110: (execute),
                    111: .B s
                    112: (set owner or group id)
                    113: .B e
                    114: (set exclusive access mode)
                    115: and
                    116: .B y
                    117: (set synchronized access mode).
                    118: Letters
                    119: .BR u,
                    120: .B g
                    121: or
                    122: .B o
                    123: indicate that
                    124: .I permission
                    125: is to be taken
                    126: from the current
                    127: mode.
                    128: Omitting
                    129: .I permission
                    130: is only useful
                    131: with
                    132: .B =
                    133: to take away
                    134: all permissions.
                    135: .PP
                    136: Multiple symbolic modes separated by commas may be given.
                    137: Operations are performed
                    138: in the order specified.
                    139: The letter
                    140: .B s
                    141: is only useful
                    142: with
                    143: .B u
                    144: or
                    145: .B g.
                    146: .PP
                    147: Only the owner of a file (or the super-user) may change its mode.
                    148: .PP
                    149: Synchronized access
                    150: guards against inconsistent updates
                    151: by preventing concurrent opens for writing.
                    152: Exclusive access
                    153: guards against inconsistent views
                    154: by preventing concurrent opens if one is for writing.
                    155: .SH EXAMPLES
                    156: .TP
                    157: .L
                    158: chmod o-w file
                    159: Deny write permission to others.
                    160: .TP
                    161: .L
                    162: chmod +x file
                    163: Make file executable.
                    164: .SH "SEE ALSO"
                    165: .IR ls (1),
                    166: .IR chmod (2),
                    167: .IR stat (2),
                    168: .IR chdate (1),
                    169: .IR chown (8)

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