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1.1 root 1: .TH DD 1
2: .CT 1 files comm_dev
3: .SH NAME
4: dd, dblbuf \- convert and copy a file
5: .SH SYNOPSIS
6: .B dd
7: [
8: .I option=value
9: ]
10: ...
11: .PP
12: .B dblbuf
13: [
14: .B -b
15: .I blocksize
16: ]
17: [
18: .I file
19: ]
20: .SH DESCRIPTION
21: .I Dd\^
22: copies the specified input file
23: to the specified output with
24: possible conversions.
25: The standard input and output are used by default.
26: The input and output block size may be
27: specified to take advantage of raw physical I/O.
28: The options are
29: .TP \w'\f5count=\ \fIn'u
30: .BI if= file\^
31: Set the input file (standard input by default).
32: .TP
33: .BI of= file\^
34: Set the output file (standard output by default).
35: .TP
36: .BI ibs= n\^
37: Set input block size to
38: .I n\^
39: bytes (default 512).
40: .TP
41: .BI obs= n\^
42: Set output block size (default 512).
43: .TP
44: .BI bs= n\^
45: Set both input and output block size,
46: superseding
47: .I ibs\^
48: and
49: .IR obs .
50: If no conversion is specified,
51: preserve the input block size instead of packing short blocks
52: into the output buffer.
53: This is particularly efficient since no in-core copy need be done.
54: .TP
55: .BI cbs= n\^
56: Set conversion buffer size.
57: .TP
58: .BI skip= n\^
59: Skip
60: .I n
61: input records before copying.
62: .TP
63: .BI iseek= n\^
64: Seek
65: .I n
66: records forward on input file
67: before copying.
68: .TP
69: .BI files= n\^
70: Copy and concatenate
71: .I n
72: input files (makes sense only
73: where input is a magnetic tape or similar device).
74: .TP
75: .BI oseek= n\^
76: Aeek
77: .I n\^
78: records from beginning of output file before copying.
79: .TP
80: .BI count= n\^
81: Copy only
82: .I n
83: input records.
84: .HP
85: \f5conv=ascii\ \ \ \ \fRConvert \s-2EBCDIC\s0 to \s-2ASCII\s0.
86: .PD0
87: .RS "\w'\f5conv=\fP'u"
88: .TP "\w'\f5unblock\ \ \fP'u"
89: .B ebcdic
90: Convert
91: .SM ASCII
92: to
93: .SM EBCDIC.
94: .TP
95: .B ibm
96: Like
97: .B ebcdic
98: but with a slightly different character map.
99: .TP
100: .B block
101: Convert variable length
102: .SM ASCII
103: records to fixed length.
104: .TP
105: .B unblock
106: Convert fixed length
107: .SM ASCII
108: records to variable length.
109: .TP
110: .B lcase
111: Map alphabetics to lower case.
112: .TP
113: .B ucase
114: Map alphabetics to upper case.
115: .TP
116: .B swab
117: Swap every pair of bytes.
118: .TP
119: .B noerror
120: Do not stop processing on an error.
121: .TP
122: .B sync
123: Pad every input record to
124: .I ibs\^
125: bytes.
126: .RE
127: .PD
128: .PP
129: .fi
130: Where sizes are specified,
131: a number of bytes is expected.
132: A number may end with
133: .LR k ,
134: .LR b ,
135: or
136: .L w
137: to specify multiplication by
138: 1024, 512, or 2 respectively;
139: a pair of numbers may be separated by
140: .L x
141: to indicate a product.
142: Multiple conversions may be specified in the style:
143: .LR conv=ebcdic,ucase .
144: .PP
145: .L Cbs\^
146: is used only if
147: .LR ascii\^ ,
148: .LR unblock\^ ,
149: .LR ebcdic\^ ,
150: .LR ibm\^ ,
151: or
152: .L block\^
153: conversion is specified.
154: In the first two cases,
155: .I n
156: characters are copied into the conversion buffer, any specified
157: character mapping is done,
158: trailing blanks are trimmed and new-line is added
159: before sending the line to the output.
160: In the latter three cases, characters are read into the
161: conversion buffer and blanks are added to make up an
162: output record of size
163: .I n.
164: If
165: .L cbs\^
166: is unspecified or zero, the
167: .LR ascii\^ ,
168: .LR ebcdic\^ ,
169: and
170: .L ibm\^
171: options convert the character set without changing the block
172: structure of the input file; the
173: .L unblock\^
174: and
175: .L block\^
176: options become a simple file copy.
177: .PP
178: .I Dblbuf
179: copies the named
180: .IR file ,
181: or the standard input if no file
182: is specified, to the standard output.
183: Output is written in blocks matching the
184: input up to the given blocksize, or 32768
185: bytes if not specified.
186: .PP
187: .I Dblbuf
188: uses multiple processes
189: to run faster, which is particularly useful in dealing with
190: a device such as a streaming tape drive.
191: .SH EXAMPLES
192: .TP
193: .L
194: dd if=/dev/rmt0 of=x ibs=800 cbs=80 conv=ascii,lcase
195: Read an
196: .SM EBCDIC
197: tape blocked ten 80-byte
198: .SM EBCDIC
199: card images per record into an
200: .SM ASCII
201: file.
202: Note the use of raw magtape to handle arbitrary record sizes.
203: .TP
204: .L
205: tar cf /dev/stdout /usr | dblbuf >/dev/rmt1
206: Copy the
207: .F /usr
208: directory to tape on
209: .FR /dev/rmt1 .
210: .SH "SEE ALSO"
211: .IR cp (1),
212: .IR tar (1),
213: .IR cpio (1)
214: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
215: .I Dd
216: reports the number of full + partial input and output
217: blocks handled.
218: .SH BUGS
219: The
220: .SM ASCII/EBCDIC
221: conversion tables for
222: .I dd
223: were taken
224: from the 256-character standard in
225: .SM CACM
226: Nov, 1968.
227: The
228: .L ibm\^
229: conversion, while less blessed as a standard,
230: corresponds better to certain
231: .SM IBM
232: print train conventions.
233: There is no universal solution.
234: .br
235: Options
236: .B if
237: and
238: .B of
239: are verbose equivalents of
240: .B <
241: and
242: .BR > .
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