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Annotation of researchv10dc/man/adm/man1/sed.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH SED 1
        !             2: .CT 1 files editor
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: sed \- stream editor
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B sed
        !             7: [
        !             8: .B -n
        !             9: ]
        !            10: [
        !            11: .B -e
        !            12: .I script
        !            13: ]
        !            14: [
        !            15: .B -f
        !            16: .I sfile
        !            17: ]
        !            18: [
        !            19: .I file ...
        !            20: ]
        !            21: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            22: .I Sed
        !            23: copies the named
        !            24: .I files
        !            25: (standard input default) to the standard output,
        !            26: edited according to a script of commands.
        !            27: The
        !            28: .B -f
        !            29: option causes the script to be taken from file
        !            30: .IR sfile ;
        !            31: these options accumulate.
        !            32: If there is just one
        !            33: .B -e
        !            34: option and no
        !            35: .BR -f 's,
        !            36: the flag
        !            37: .B -e
        !            38: may be omitted.
        !            39: The
        !            40: .B -n
        !            41: option suppresses the default output.
        !            42: .PP
        !            43: A script consists of editing commands, one per line,
        !            44: of the following form:
        !            45: .IP
        !            46: [\fIaddress\fR [\f5,\fI address\fR] ] \fIfunction\fR [\fIargument\fR ...]
        !            47: .PP
        !            48: In normal operation
        !            49: .I sed
        !            50: cyclically copies a line of input into a
        !            51: .I pattern space
        !            52: (unless there is something left after
        !            53: a 
        !            54: .L D
        !            55: command),
        !            56: applies in sequence
        !            57: all commands whose
        !            58: .I addresses
        !            59: select that pattern space,
        !            60: and at the end of the script copies the pattern space
        !            61: to the standard output (except under
        !            62: .BR -n )
        !            63: and deletes the pattern space.
        !            64: .PP
        !            65: An
        !            66: .I address
        !            67: is either a decimal number that counts
        !            68: input lines cumulatively across files, a 
        !            69: .L $
        !            70: that
        !            71: addresses the last line of input, or a context address,
        !            72: .BI / regular-expression / ,
        !            73: in the style of
        !            74: .IR ed (1),
        !            75: with the added convention that
        !            76: .L \en
        !            77: matches a
        !            78: newline embedded in the pattern space.
        !            79: .PP
        !            80: A command line with no addresses selects every pattern space.
        !            81: .PP
        !            82: A command line with
        !            83: one address selects each pattern space that matches the address.
        !            84: .PP
        !            85: A command line with
        !            86: two addresses selects the inclusive range from the first
        !            87: pattern space that matches the first address through
        !            88: the next pattern space that matches
        !            89: the second.
        !            90: (If the second address is a number less than or equal
        !            91: to the line number first selected, only one
        !            92: line is selected.)
        !            93: Thereafter the process is repeated, looking again for the
        !            94: first address.
        !            95: .PP
        !            96: Editing commands can be applied to non-selected pattern
        !            97: spaces by use of the negation function 
        !            98: .L !
        !            99: (below).
        !           100: .PP
        !           101: In the following list of functions the
        !           102: maximum number of permissible addresses
        !           103: for each function is indicated in parentheses.
        !           104: .PP
        !           105: An argument denoted
        !           106: .I text
        !           107: consists of one or more lines,
        !           108: all but the last of which end with 
        !           109: .L \e
        !           110: to hide the
        !           111: newline.
        !           112: Backslashes in text are treated like backslashes
        !           113: in the replacement string of an 
        !           114: .L s
        !           115: command,
        !           116: and may be used to protect initial blanks and tabs
        !           117: against the stripping that is done on
        !           118: every script line.
        !           119: .PP
        !           120: An argument denoted
        !           121: .I rfile
        !           122: or
        !           123: .I wfile
        !           124: must terminate the command
        !           125: line and must be preceded by exactly one blank.
        !           126: Each
        !           127: .I wfile
        !           128: is created before processing begins.
        !           129: There can be at most 120 distinct
        !           130: .I wfile
        !           131: arguments.
        !           132: .TP
        !           133: .RB (1) \|a\e
        !           134: .br
        !           135: .ns
        !           136: .TP
        !           137: .I text
        !           138: Append.
        !           139: Place
        !           140: .I text
        !           141: on the output before
        !           142: reading the next input line.
        !           143: .HP
        !           144: .RB (2) \|b
        !           145: .I label
        !           146: .br
        !           147: Branch to the 
        !           148: .B :
        !           149: command bearing the
        !           150: .I label.
        !           151: If
        !           152: .I label
        !           153: is empty, branch to the end of the script.
        !           154: .TP
        !           155: .RB (2) \|c\e
        !           156: .br
        !           157: .ns
        !           158: .TP
        !           159: .I text
        !           160: Change.
        !           161: Delete the pattern space.
        !           162: With 0 or 1 address or at the end of a 2-address range, place
        !           163: .I text
        !           164: on the output.
        !           165: Start the next cycle.
        !           166: .TP
        !           167: .RB (2) \|d
        !           168: Delete the pattern space.
        !           169: Start the next cycle.
        !           170: .TP
        !           171: .RB (2) \|D
        !           172: Delete the initial segment of the
        !           173: pattern space through the first newline.
        !           174: Start the next cycle.
        !           175: .TP
        !           176: .RB (2) \|g
        !           177: Replace the contents of the pattern space
        !           178: by the contents of the hold space.
        !           179: .TP
        !           180: .RB (2) \|G
        !           181: Append the contents of the hold space to the pattern space.
        !           182: .TP
        !           183: .RB (2) \|h
        !           184: Replace the contents of the hold space by the contents of the pattern space.
        !           185: .TP
        !           186: .RB (2) \|H
        !           187: Append the contents of the pattern space to the hold space.
        !           188: .TP
        !           189: .RB (1) \|i\e
        !           190: .br
        !           191: .ns
        !           192: .TP
        !           193: .I text
        !           194: Insert.
        !           195: Place
        !           196: .I text
        !           197: on the standard output.
        !           198: .TP
        !           199: .RB (2) \|n
        !           200: Copy the pattern space to the standard output.
        !           201: Replace the pattern space with the next line of input.
        !           202: .TP
        !           203: .RB (2) \|N
        !           204: Append the next line of input to the pattern space
        !           205: with an embedded newline.
        !           206: (The current line number changes.)
        !           207: .TP
        !           208: .RB (2) \|p
        !           209: Print.
        !           210: Copy the pattern space to the standard output.
        !           211: .TP
        !           212: .RB (2) \|P
        !           213: Copy the initial segment of the pattern space through
        !           214: the first newline to the standard output.
        !           215: .TP
        !           216: .RB (1) \|q
        !           217: Quit.
        !           218: Branch to the end of the script.
        !           219: Do not start a new cycle.
        !           220: .HP
        !           221: .RB (2) \|r 
        !           222: .I rfile
        !           223: .br
        !           224: Read the contents of
        !           225: .IR rfile .
        !           226: Place them on the output before reading
        !           227: the next input line.
        !           228: .TP
        !           229: .RB (2) \|s/\fIregular-expression\fP/\fIreplacement\fP/\fIflags
        !           230: Substitute the
        !           231: .I replacement
        !           232: string for instances of the
        !           233: .I regular-expression
        !           234: in the pattern space.
        !           235: Any character may be used instead of 
        !           236: .LR / .
        !           237: For a fuller description see
        !           238: .IR ed (1);
        !           239: although unlike
        !           240: .I ed ,
        !           241: the trailing
        !           242: .B /
        !           243: .I must
        !           244: be supplied.
        !           245: .I Flags
        !           246: is zero or more of
        !           247: .RS
        !           248: .TP
        !           249: .B g
        !           250: Global.
        !           251: Substitute for all non-overlapping instances of the
        !           252: .I regular expression
        !           253: rather than just the
        !           254: first one.
        !           255: .TP
        !           256: .B p
        !           257: Print the pattern space if a replacement was made.
        !           258: .TP
        !           259: .BI w " wfile"
        !           260: Write.
        !           261: Append the pattern space to
        !           262: .I wfile
        !           263: if a replacement
        !           264: was made.
        !           265: .RE
        !           266: .HP
        !           267: .RB (2) \|t
        !           268: .I label
        !           269: .br
        !           270: Test.
        !           271: Branch to the 
        !           272: .L :
        !           273: command bearing the
        !           274: .I label
        !           275: if any
        !           276: substitutions have been made since the most recent
        !           277: reading of an input line or execution of a 
        !           278: .LR t .
        !           279: If
        !           280: .I label
        !           281: is empty, branch to the end of the script.
        !           282: .TP
        !           283: .RB (2) \|w
        !           284: .I wfile
        !           285: .br
        !           286: Write.
        !           287: Append the pattern space to
        !           288: .I wfile.
        !           289: .TP
        !           290: .RB (2) \|x
        !           291: Exchange the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.
        !           292: .TP
        !           293: .RB (2) \|y/\fIstring1\fP/\fIstring2\fP/
        !           294: Transform.
        !           295: Replace all occurrences of characters in
        !           296: .I string1
        !           297: with the corresponding character in
        !           298: .I string2.
        !           299: The lengths of
        !           300: .I
        !           301: string1
        !           302: and
        !           303: .I string2
        !           304: must be equal.
        !           305: .HP
        !           306: .RB (2) !
        !           307: .I function
        !           308: .br
        !           309: Don't.
        !           310: Apply the
        !           311: .I function
        !           312: (or group, if
        !           313: .I function
        !           314: is 
        !           315: .LR { )
        !           316: only to lines
        !           317: .I not
        !           318: selected by the address(es).
        !           319: .HP
        !           320: .RB (0) \|:
        !           321: .I label
        !           322: .br
        !           323: This command does nothing; it bears a
        !           324: .I label
        !           325: for 
        !           326: .B b
        !           327: and 
        !           328: .B t
        !           329: commands to branch to.
        !           330: .TP
        !           331: .RB (1) \|=
        !           332: Place the current line number on the standard output as a line.
        !           333: .TP
        !           334: .RB (2) \|{
        !           335: Execute the following commands through a matching 
        !           336: .L }
        !           337: only when the pattern space is selected.
        !           338: .TP
        !           339: .RB (0) \|
        !           340: An empty command is ignored.
        !           341: .ne 4
        !           342: .SH EXAMPLES
        !           343: .TP
        !           344: .B sed 10q file
        !           345: Print the first 10 lines of the file.
        !           346: .TP
        !           347: .B sed '/^$/d'
        !           348: Delete empty lines from standard input.
        !           349: .TP
        !           350: .B sed 's/UNIX/& system/g'
        !           351: Replace every instance of 
        !           352: .L UNIX
        !           353: by
        !           354: .LR "UNIX system" .
        !           355: .PP
        !           356: .EX
        !           357: sed 's/ *$//   \fRdrop trailing blanks\fP
        !           358: /^$/d                  \fRdrop empty lines\fP
        !           359: s/  */\e               \fRreplace blanks by newlines\fP
        !           360: /g
        !           361: /^$/d' chapter*
        !           362: .EE
        !           363: .ns
        !           364: .IP
        !           365: Print the files 
        !           366: .BR chapter1 ,
        !           367: .BR chapter2 ,
        !           368: etc. one word to a line.
        !           369: .PP
        !           370: .EX
        !           371: nroff -ms manuscript | sed '
        !           372: ${
        !           373:        /^$/p           \fRif last line of file is empty, print it\fP
        !           374: }
        !           375: //N                    \fRif current line is empty, append next line\fP
        !           376: /^\en$/D'              \fRif two lines are empty, delete the first\fP
        !           377: .EE
        !           378: .ns
        !           379: .IP
        !           380: Delete all but one of each group of empty lines from a
        !           381: formatted manuscript.
        !           382: .PP
        !           383: .EX
        !           384: ls /usr/* | sed '
        !           385: /^$/d                  \fRdelete empty lines\fP
        !           386: /^[/].*:$/{            \fRlook for lines like \fP/usr/lem:
        !           387:        s/:$/\e//       \fRreplace \fP:\fR by \fP/
        !           388:        h               \fRhold directory name\fP
        !           389:        d               \fRdon't print; get next line\fP
        !           390: }
        !           391: G                      \fRappend held directory name\fP
        !           392: s/\e(.*\e)\en\e(.*\e)/\e2\e1/' \fRexchange file and directory\fP
        !           393: .EE
        !           394: .ns
        !           395: .IP
        !           396: List all files in user directories, as
        !           397: .B ls -d /usr/*/* 
        !           398: would do if it didn't cause argument list overflow.
        !           399: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           400: .IR ed (1), 
        !           401: .IR gre (1), 
        !           402: .IR awk (1), 
        !           403: .IR lex (1), 
        !           404: .IR cut (1), 
        !           405: .IR split (1), 
        !           406: .IR sam (9.1)
        !           407: .br
        !           408: L. E. McMahon,
        !           409: `SED \(em A Non-interactive Text Editor',
        !           410: this manual, Volume 2.
        !           411: .SH BUGS
        !           412: If input is from a pipe, buffering may consume
        !           413: characters beyond a line on which a 
        !           414: .L q
        !           415: command is executed.

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