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1.1 root 1: .TH VI 1
2: .CT 1 editor
3: .SH NAME
4: ex, edit, vi \- text editor
5: .SH SYNOPSIS
6: .B ex
7: [
8: .I option ...
9: ]
10: .I file ...
11: .PP
12: .B edit
13: [
14: .I option ...
15: ]
16: .I file ...
17: .PP
18: .B vi
19: [
20: .I option ...
21: ]
22: .I file ...
23: .SH DESCRIPTION
24: .I Ex
25: is elaborated from
26: .IR ed (1).
27: .I Vi
28: is the display editing aspect of
29: .IR ex ;
30: .I edit
31: is a simplified subset of
32: .IR ex .
33: The editors work on several
34: .I files
35: simultaneously.
36: .I Vi
37: gets the terminal type from environment variable
38: .BR TERM .
39: .PP
40: The options are:
41: .TP
42: .BI -r " file
43: Recover the
44: .I file
45: after a crash in the editor.
46: If no file is specified, list all saved files.
47: .TP
48: .B -l
49: Lisp indent mode; give special meaning to editor commands
50: .BR ()[]{} .
51: .TP
52: .BI -w n
53: Default window size is
54: .I n
55: lines.
56: .TP
57: .B -x
58: Edit encrypted files; a key will be prompted for.
59: .TP
60: .B -R
61: Read only; no files will be changed.
62: .TP
63: .BI + cmd
64: Execute the specified
65: .I ex
66: command upon entering the editor.
67: .PP
68: The editors begin in `command mode'.
69: An
70: .SM ESC
71: character typed in command mode cancels the command.
72: The commands
73: .B
74: a A c C i I o O R s S
75: enter input mode, where arbitrary text may be entered.
76: .SM ESC
77: or interrupt returns to command mode.
78: The commands
79: .B
80: : / ? !
81: take input from the last line of the screen, which is
82: ended by a newline, or canceled by an interrupt.
83: .PP
84: A number preceding commands
85: .B z G |
86: specifies a line.
87: A number before almost any other command causes it
88: to be repeated.
89: .PP
90: In the following summary of
91: .I vi
92: commands
93: .B ^
94: means the `control' key.
95: Commands so marked work in input mode;
96: others work in command mode.
97: .PP
98: .de fq
99: \&\f5\\$1\fR \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6
100: ..
101: .de fz
102: \&\f5\\$1 \fI\\$2\fR \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6
103: ..
104: .ta \w'\f5:e + file'u
105: File manipulation
106: .2C
107: .fq :w write back changes
108: .fz :w file write \fIfile\fR
109: .fz :w! file overwrite \fIfile\fR
110: .fq :q quit
111: .fq :q! quit, discarding changes
112: .fz :e file edit \fIfile\fR
113: .fq :e! reedit, discarding changes
114: .fq ":e\ +" file edit, starting at end
115: .fz ":e\ +" starting at line \fIn\fP
116: .fq :sh run shell, then return
117: .fz :! cmd run shell command
118: .fq :n edit next \fIfile\fR argument
119: .fz : ex-cmd do editor command
120: .1C
121: .PP
122: Positioning in file
123: .2C
124: .fq ^F forward screen
125: .fq ^B backward screen
126: .fq ^D down half screen
127: .fq ^U up half screen
128: .fq G "to specified line (end default)
129: .fz / pat next line matching \fIpat\fR
130: .fz ? pat previous line matching
131: .fq n repeat last "\f5\e or ?\fP
132: .fz /\fIpat\fP/\o'+_' n "\fIn\fRth line after or before \fIpat\fR
133: .fq ( beginning of sentence
134: .fq ) end of sentence
135: .fq { beginning of paragraph
136: .fq } end of paragraph
137: .fq % find matching \f5(){}\fP
138: .1C
139: .PP
140: Adjusting the screen
141: .2C
142: .fq ^L clear and redraw
143: .fq ^R "retype, eliminate \f5@\fR lines
144: .fq z redraw, current line at window top
145: .fq z- \&... at bottom
146: .fq z. \&... at center
147: .fq /\fIpat\fP/z- \fIpat\fR line at bottom
148: .fz z n use \fIn\fR-line window
149: .fq ^E scroll down one line
150: .fq ^Y scroll up one line
151: .1C
152: .PP
153: Marking and returning
154: .2C
155: .fq `` move cursor to previous context
156: .fq '' \&... at first nonwhite in line
157: .fz m x "mark position with letter \fIx\fR
158: .fz ` x move cursor to mark
159: .fz ' x \&... at first nonwhite
160: .1C
161: .PP
162: Line positioning
163: .2C
164: .fq H top line of screen
165: .fq L bottom line
166: .fq M middle line
167: .fq + next line, at first nonwhite
168: .fq - previous line, at first nonwhite
169: <newline> same as \f5+\fR
170: .fq j next line, same column
171: .fq k previous line, same column
172: .1C
173: .PP
174: Character positioning
175: .2C
176: .fq ^ first nonwhite (not CTRL)
177: .fq 0 beginning of line
178: .fq $ end of line
179: .fq l forward
180: .fq h backward
181: .fq ^L ^H same as \f5l h\fR
182: <space> same as \f5l\fR
183: .fz f x find \fIx\fR forward
184: .fz F x find backward
185: .fz t x upto \fIx\fR forward
186: .fz T x back upto \fIx\fR
187: .fq ; repeat last \f5f F t T\fR
188: .fq , opposite of \f5;\fR
189: .fq | to specified column
190: .fq % find matching \f5(){}\fR
191: .1C
192: .PP
193: Words, sentences, paragraphs
194: .2C
195: .fq w word forward
196: .fq b word backward
197: .fq e end of word
198: .fq ) next sentence
199: .fq ( previous sentence
200: .fq } next paragraph
201: .fq { previous paragraph
202: .fq W blank-delimited word
203: .fq B backward to ...
204: .fq E to end of ...
205: .1C
206: .PP
207: Corrections
208: .2C
209: .fq ^H erase last character
210: .fq ^W erase last word
211: erase your erase, same as \f5^H\fR
212: kill your kill, erase this line
213: .fq \e quotes your erase or kill
214: ESC return to command mode
215: .fq ^? interrupt, return to command mode
216: .fq ^D backtab over autoindent
217: .fq ^V quote nonprinting character
218: .1C
219: .PP
220: Insert and replace
221: .2C
222: .fq a append after cursor
223: .fq A append at end of line
224: .fq i insert before cursor
225: .fq I insert before first non-blank
226: .fq o open below line
227: .fq O open above
228: .fz r x replace one character
229: .fz R text replace characters
230: .1C
231: .PP
232: Operators
233: .PP
234: .br
235: Operators are followed by cursor motion and affect all
236: text that would have been moved over:
237: .B dw
238: deletes a word.
239: Double the operator, e.g.\&
240: .BR dd ,
241: to affect whole lines.
242: .2C
243: .fq d delete
244: .fq c change
245: .fq y yank lines to buffer
246: .fq < left shift
247: .fq > right shift
248: .fq ! filter through command
249: .fq = Lisp indent
250: .1C
251: .PP
252: Miscellaneous operators
253: .2C
254: .fq C change rest of line (\f5c$\fR)
255: .fq D delete rest of line (\f5d$\fR)
256: .fq s substitute characters (\f5cd\fR)
257: .fq S substitute lines (\f5cc\fR)
258: .fq J join lines
259: .fq x delete characters (\f5dl\fR)
260: .fq X ... before cursor (\f5dh\fR)
261: .fq Y yank lines (\f5yy\fR)
262: .1C
263: .PP
264: Yank and put
265: .2C
266: .fq p put buffer after cursor
267: .fq P put buffer before cursor
268: \f5"\fI x \f5p\fR put from buffer \fIx\fR
269: .fz x y yank to buffer \fIx\fR
270: .fz x d delete to buffer \fIx\fR
271: .1C
272: .PP
273: Undo, redo, retrieve
274: .2C
275: .fq u undo last change
276: .fq U restore current line
277: .fq . repeat last change
278: \f5"\fI n \f5p\fR retrieve \fIn\fR-th last delete
279: .1C
280: .PP
281: Special ex commands
282: .PP
283: .br
284: .I Ex
285: understands most
286: .I ed
287: commands, plus the commands indicated with
288: .B :
289: in the
290: .I vi
291: summary, plus the following, shown with their
292: shortest possible spellings:
293: .PD0
294: .2C
295: .BI ab brev
296: .BI ar gs
297: .BI co py
298: .BI map
299: .BI ma rk
300: .BI n ext
301: .BI nu mber
302: .BI pre serve
303: .BI pu t
304: .BI re ad
305: .BI rec over
306: .BI rew ind
307: .BI se t
308: .BI sh ell
309: .BI so urce
310: .BI st op
311: .BI una bbrev
312: .BI u ndo
313: .BI unm ap
314: .BI ve rsion
315: .BI vi sual
316: .BI x it
317: .BI ya nk
318: .BI z " window"
319: .BI < " lshift
320: .BI > " rshift
321: .BI ^D " scroll
322: .1C
323: The
324: .B set
325: command
326: controls various options;
327: .L set all
328: shows the list.
329: .SH EXAMPLES
330: .2C
331: .PD0
332: .TF /\fItext\fR<newline>
333: .TP
334: .B \(<-\(da\(ua\(->
335: arrow keys move the cursor
336: .TP
337: .B hjkl
338: same as arrow keys
339: .TP
340: .BI i text\fR<ESC>
341: .RI insert " text
342: .TP
343: .BI cw new\fR<ESC>
344: .RI "change word to " new
345: .TP
346: .B 3dw
347: delete 3 words
348: .TP
349: .B ZZ
350: exit, saving changes
351: .TP
352: .BI / text\fR<newline>
353: .RI "search for " text
354: .TP
355: .B ^U ^D
356: scroll up or down
357: .1C
358: .PD
359: .SH FILES
360: .TF /usr/lib/ex?.?preserve
361: .TP
362: .F /usr/lib/ex?.?recover
363: recover command
364: .TP
365: .F /usr/lib/ex?.?preserve
366: preserve command
367: .TP
368: .F /etc/termcap
369: describes capabilities of terminals
370: .TP
371: .F $HOME/.exrc
372: editor startup file
373: .TP
374: .F /tmp/Ex*
375: editor temporary
376: .TP
377: .F /tmp/Rx*
378: named buffer temporary
379: .TP
380: .F /usr/preserve
381: preservation directory
382: .SH SEE ALSO
383: .IR ed (1),
384: .IR sam (9.1),
385: .IR sed (1)
386: .br
387: W. Joy and M. Horton,
388: `An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi',
389: in
390: .I
391: Unix Programmer's Manual, Seventh Edition, Virtual VAX-11 Version,
392: 1980, Vol 2C
393: (Berkeley)
394: .ig
395: .SH BUGS
396: The
397: .I undo
398: command causes all marks to be lost on lines changed and then restored
399: if the marked lines were changed.
400: .br
401: .I Undo
402: never clears the buffer modified condition.
403: .br
404: The
405: .I z
406: command prints a number of logical rather than physical lines.
407: More than a screen full of output may result if long lines are present.
408: .br
409: File input/output errors don't print a name if the
410: .LR -
411: option is used.
412: .br
413: There is no easy way to do a single scan ignoring case.
414: .br
415: The editor does not warn if text is placed in named buffers and not used
416: before exiting the editor.
417: .br
418: Null characters are discarded in input files, and cannot appear in resultant
419: files.
420: .br
421: Software tabs using
422: .B ^T
423: work only immediately after the
424: .LR autoindent .
425: .br
426: The
427: .L wrapmargin
428: option can be fooled since it looks at output columns when blanks are typed.
429: If a long word passes through the margin and onto the next line without a
430: break, then the line won't be broken.
431: .br
432: The
433: .I source
434: command does not work when executed as
435: .BR :source ;
436: there is no way to use the
437: .BR :append ,
438: .BR :change ,
439: and
440: .BR :insert
441: commands in
442: .I vi,
443: since it is not possible to give
444: more than one line of input to a
445: .B :
446: escape.
447: To use these
448: on a
449: .B :global
450: you must
451: .B Q
452: to
453: .I ex
454: command mode,
455: execute them, and then reenter the screen editor with
456: .L vi
457: or
458: .LR open .
459: ..
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