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1.1 ! root 1: .TH IPC 3X ! 2: .CT 2 comm_proc ! 3: .SH NAME ! 4: ipccreat, ipcopen, ipclisten, ipcaccept, ipcreject, ipcexec, ipcpath , ipclogin, ipcrogin ! 5: \(mi set up connections between processes or machines ! 6: .SH SYNOPSIS ! 7: .B #include <ipc.h> ! 8: .PP ! 9: .B char *ipcpath(name, network, service) ! 10: .br ! 11: .B char *name; ! 12: .br ! 13: .B char *network; ! 14: .br ! 15: .B char *service; ! 16: .PP ! 17: .B int ipcopen(name, param) ! 18: .br ! 19: .B char *name; ! 20: .br ! 21: .B char *param; ! 22: .PP ! 23: .B int ipccreat(name, param) ! 24: .br ! 25: .B char *name; ! 26: .br ! 27: .B char *param; ! 28: .PP ! 29: .B ipcinfo *ipclisten(fd) ! 30: .br ! 31: .B int fd; ! 32: .PP ! 33: .B int ipcaccept(ip) ! 34: .br ! 35: .B ipcinfo *ip; ! 36: .PP ! 37: .B int ipcreject(ip, no, str) ! 38: .br ! 39: .B ipcinfo *ip; ! 40: .br ! 41: .B int no; ! 42: .br ! 43: .B char *str; ! 44: .PP ! 45: .B int ipcexec(name, param, cmd) ! 46: .br ! 47: .B char *name; ! 48: .br ! 49: .B char *param; ! 50: .br ! 51: .B char *cmd; ! 52: .PP ! 53: .B int ipclogin(fd) ! 54: .br ! 55: .B int fd; ! 56: .PP ! 57: .B int ipcrogin(fd, opt) ! 58: .br ! 59: .B int fd; ! 60: .br ! 61: .B char *opt; ! 62: .PP ! 63: .B extern char *errstr; ! 64: .SH DESCRIPTION ! 65: These routines establish communication between unrelated ! 66: processes, often for networking purposes. ! 67: They are loaded by the ! 68: .B -lipc ! 69: option of ! 70: .IR ld (1). ! 71: .PP ! 72: End points in the network are identified by names of the form: ! 73: .BR element [ !element "]... " . ! 74: The name is translated element by element relative to the name space ! 75: selected by the previous element. ! 76: The first element is always a name in the local file system. ! 77: By convention, all network interfaces and services ! 78: mount themselves in ! 79: .FR /cs . ! 80: For example: ! 81: .TP ! 82: .B /cs/exec ! 83: refers to a local process which has mounted itself (via ! 84: .I ipccreat ) ! 85: on ! 86: .FR /cs/exec . ! 87: .TP ! 88: .B /cs/dk!nj/astro/voice ! 89: refers to a voice synthesizer attached ! 90: to Datakit; process ! 91: .F /cs/dk ! 92: is the Datakit interface. ! 93: .TP ! 94: .B /cs/dk!dutoit!exec ! 95: is the process that has mounted itself on ! 96: .F /cs/exec ! 97: in machine `dutoit'. ! 98: .PP ! 99: .I Ipcpath, ! 100: forms a network name from its arguments and returns a pointer to it. ! 101: It takes three arguments: the destination ! 102: .I name, ! 103: the default ! 104: .I network, ! 105: and the default ! 106: .I service. ! 107: It assumes that ! 108: .I name ! 109: is a three part name of the form: network!host!service. ! 110: If either network or service is missing from ! 111: .I name, ipcpath ! 112: supplies them ! 113: from the default arguments. ! 114: It then tacks a ! 115: .F /cs ! 116: on the front and returns a pointer to that. ! 117: Thus, ! 118: .IP ! 119: .EX ! 120: ipcpath("dutoit", "dk", "dcon") ! 121: .EE ! 122: .LP ! 123: returns a pointer to the string ! 124: .LR /cs/dk!dutoit!dcon . ! 125: .PP ! 126: .I Ipcopen ! 127: places a call to a named network end point and returns ! 128: a file descriptor for the resulting connection. ! 129: .I Param, ! 130: a whitespace-delimited string of values, specifies ! 131: properties which the connection must have. ! 132: At present four parameter values are defined: ! 133: .TF heavy ! 134: .TP ! 135: .B heavy ! 136: .br ! 137: .ns ! 138: .TP ! 139: .B light ! 140: Heavy (usually computer-to-computer) or light (computer-to-terminal) ! 141: traffic is expected. ! 142: .TP ! 143: .B delim ! 144: The connection must support delimiters; see ! 145: .IR stream (4). ! 146: .TP ! 147: .B hup ! 148: .B SIGHUP ! 149: must be generated at end of file; see ! 150: .IR signal (2). ! 151: .PD ! 152: .PP ! 153: .I Ipccreat ! 154: attaches a process to a name space. ! 155: It returns a file descriptor representing the attachment. ! 156: .I Name ! 157: and ! 158: .I param ! 159: mean the same as for ! 160: .I ipcopen. ! 161: .PP ! 162: .I Ipclisten ! 163: waits for calls (from ! 164: .I ipcopen ! 165: in other processes) appearing on file descriptor ! 166: .I fd ! 167: (obtained from ! 168: .IR ipccreat ). ! 169: When a call arrives, it returns an ! 170: .B ipcinfo ! 171: structure, defined in ! 172: .FR <ipc.h> : ! 173: .IP ! 174: .EX ! 175: .ta \w'typedef\ 'u +\w'char\ 'u +\w'reserved[5];\ 'u ! 176: typedef struct { ! 177: int reserved[5]; ! 178: char *name; that being dialed ! 179: char *param; parameters used to set up call ! 180: char *machine; machine id of caller ! 181: char *user; user name of caller ! 182: int uid, gid; uid, gid of caller ! 183: } ipcinfo; ! 184: .EE ! 185: .PP ! 186: The call may be accepted by ! 187: .I ipcaccept ! 188: or rejected by ! 189: .I ipcreject. ! 190: .I Ipcaccept ! 191: returns a file descriptor for the connection. ! 192: .I Ipcreject ! 193: takes an integer error number and an error message string, ! 194: which will be passed back to the caller as ! 195: .I errno ! 196: and ! 197: .I errstr. ! 198: .PP ! 199: A higher-level routine, ! 200: .I ipcexec, ! 201: executes the command, ! 202: .I cmd, ! 203: on a named machine. ! 204: The file descriptor returned by ! 205: .I ipcexec ! 206: is the standard input, standard output, and ! 207: standard error of the command. ! 208: As in ! 209: .I ipcopen, ! 210: .I param ! 211: lists properties required of the channel. ! 212: .PP ! 213: Once a connection is established using ! 214: .I ipcopen ! 215: it is often necessary to authenticate yourself ! 216: to the destination. ! 217: This is done using ! 218: .I ipclogin ! 219: and ! 220: .I ipcrogin. ! 221: .I Ipclogin ! 222: runs the client side of the authentication protocol ! 223: described in ! 224: .IR svcmgr (8) ! 225: for the ! 226: .I v9auth ! 227: action. ! 228: The supplied ! 229: .I fd ! 230: is the descriptor returned by ! 231: .I ipcopen. ! 232: Until the authentication is accepted, ! 233: .I ipclogin ! 234: will prompt the user (using ! 235: .F /dev/tty ) ! 236: for a login id and password to be sent over ! 237: .I fd. ! 238: .PP ! 239: .I Ipcrogin ! 240: runs the client side of the authentication protocol ! 241: used by BSD's ! 242: .I rlogin ! 243: and ! 244: .I rsh ! 245: services. ! 246: Unlike ! 247: .I ipclogin, ! 248: it will not prompt the user if the authentication ! 249: fails. ! 250: .I Ipcrogin ! 251: takes a second argument that is written to ! 252: .I fd ! 253: after the authentication is accepted. ! 254: .SH EXAMPLES ! 255: To connect to the voice synthesizer attached to the Datakit: ! 256: .EX ! 257: .ta \w'12345678'u +\w'12345678'u +\w'12345678'u ! 258: #include <ipc.h> ! 259: main() { ! 260: int fd; ! 261: fd = ipcopen(ipcpath("voice", "dk", 0), "light"); ! 262: if(fd<0){ ! 263: printf("can't connect: %s\en", errstr); ! 264: exit(1); ! 265: } ! 266: ... ! 267: close(fd); ! 268: } ! 269: .EE ! 270: .PP ! 271: To place a Dataphone call via Datakit; the service name is ! 272: derived in an obvious way from the ACU service class; see ! 273: .IR dialout (3). ! 274: .EX ! 275: fd = ipcopen(ipcpath("9-1-201-582-0000", "dk", "dial1200"), "light"); ! 276: .EE ! 277: .PP ! 278: To announce as a local service and wait for incoming calls: ! 279: .EX ! 280: .ta \w'12345678'u +\w'12345678'u +\w'12345678'u ! 281: #include <ipc.h> ! 282: main() { ! 283: int fd; ! 284: ipcinfo *ip; ! 285: fd = ipccreat("/tmp/service", 0); ! 286: if(fd<0){ ! 287: printf("can't announce: %s\en", errstr); ! 288: exit(1); ! 289: } ! 290: while(ip = ipclisten(fd)){ ! 291: int nfd; ! 292: if(i_hate_this_user(ip->machine, ip->user)) { ! 293: ipcreject(ip, EACCES, "i hate you"); ! 294: continue; ! 295: } ! 296: nfd = ipcaccept(ip); ! 297: ... ! 298: close(nfd); ! 299: } ! 300: printf("lost the announced connection somehow\en"); ! 301: exit(1); ! 302: } ! 303: .EE ! 304: .SH FILES ! 305: .TF /cs/tpc ! 306: .TP ! 307: .F /cs/dk ! 308: the announce point for the Datakit dialer ! 309: .TP ! 310: .F /cs/tcp ! 311: the announce point for the internet dialer ! 312: .SH SEE ALSO ! 313: .IR dialout (3), ! 314: .IR connld (4), ! 315: .IR dkmgr (8), ! 316: .IR svcmgr (8), ! 317: .IR tcpmgr (8) ! 318: .br ! 319: D. L. Presotto, ! 320: `Interprocess Communication in the Eighth Edition ! 321: .SM UNIX ! 322: System', ! 323: this manual, Volume 2 ! 324: .SH DIAGNOSTICS ! 325: Integer return values of \-1 and pointer return ! 326: values of 0 denote error. ! 327: .I Errno ! 328: contains an error code (see ! 329: .IR intro (2)) ! 330: and ! 331: .I errstr ! 332: points to an explanatory string. ! 333: .SH BUGS ! 334: Files created by ! 335: .I ipccreat ! 336: in the local name space are not removed when ! 337: the file descriptor returned by ! 338: .I ipccreat ! 339: is closed. ! 340: .br ! 341: Information in ! 342: .B ipcinfo ! 343: is no more trustworthy than its origin. ! 344: Information, such as user name, sent by foreign ! 345: machines may be suspect. ! 346: On Ethernet or dialup connections (but not on Datakit) ! 347: machine names can be forged. ! 348: Let's not even think about wire-swappers and wiretappers.
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