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researchv10 Dan Cross

.TH PICFILE 3X
.CT graphics files
.SH NAME
picopen_r, picopen_w, picread, picwrite, picclose, picputprop, picgetprop, picunpack, picpack, picerror \- picture file I/O
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.B #include <picfile.h>
.PP
.B PICFILE *picopen_r(name)
.B char *name;
.PP
.B "PICFILE *picopen_w(name, type, x0, y0, w, h, chan, argv, cmap)
.B "char *name, *type, *chan, *argv[], *cmap;
.PP
.B int picread(pf, buf)
.B PICFILE *pf;
.B char *buf;
.PP
.B int picwrite(pf, buf)
.B PICFILE *pf;
.B char *buf;
.PP
.B void picclose(pf)
.B PICFILE *pf;
.PP
.B PICFILE *picputprop(pf, name, value)
.B PICFILE *pf;
.B char *name, *value;
.PP
.B char *picgetprop(pf, name)
.B PICFILE *pf;
.B char *name;
.PP
.B "void picunpack(pf, pix, fmt, arg ...)
.B PICFILE *pf;
.B char *pix, *fmt;
.PP
.B "void picpack(pf, pix, fmt, arg ...)
.B PICFILE *pf;
.B char *pix, *fmt;
.PP
.B "void picerror(string)
.B char *string;
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
These functions read and write raster images in
.IR picfile (5)
format.
They are loaded by option
.B -lpicfile
of
.IR ld (1).
Open picture files are referred to by pointers of type
.BR PICFILE* .
.PP
.I Picopen_r
opens the named picfile for reading and returns a pointer
to the open file.
If
.I name
is
.L
"IN"\fR,
standard input is used.
.PP
.I Picopen_w
similarly creates the named image file for writing.
The name
.L
"OUT"
refers to standard output.
.I Type
is a
.B TYPE
attribute, as described in
.IR picfile (5);
.I x0
and
.I y0
are the upper left coordinates of the
.BR WINDOW 
attribute;
.I w
and
.I h
are the image width and heigth in pixels.
.I Chan
is a string specifying the order of channels for the
.B CHAN
attribute; the length of this string becomes the value of
.BR NCHAN .
.I Argv,
if nonzero, is
conventionally the second argument of the main program;
see
.IR exec (2).
It becomes a 
.B COMMAND
attribute recording the provenance of the file.
.PP
The special call
.B picopen_w(name, PIC_SAMEARGS(pf))
creates a file with the same attributes as an already open
picfile.
.B PIC_SAMEARGS
mentions
.I argv
by name, hence the name must be visible at the point of call.
.PP
.I Picread
and
.I picwrite
read or write a single row of pixels using the
character array
.I buf.
The length of the row is determined from the file's
.B WINDOW
and
.B NCHAN
attributes.
One-bit-per-pixel images (of type
.B bitmap
or
.BR ccitt-g4 ,
for example)
are decoded to one byte per pixel, 0 for black, 255 for white, and
are encoded as 1 for pixel values less than 128 and 0 otherwise.
Files of type
.B ccir601
are decoded into conventional
.B rgb
channels.
.PP
.I Picclose
closes a picfile and frees associated storage.
.PP
.I Picputprop
called after 
.I picopen_w
but before
.I picwrite
adds header attributes, returning a (probably changed) value of the 
.B PICFILE
pointer.
.PP
.I Picgetprop
returns a pointer to the value of the named attribute, or
0 if the picfile does not have the attribute.
In both
.I Picputprop
and
.I picgetprop,
with multiple appearances (e.g.
.BR COMMAND )
are expressed as a sequence of
values separated by newlines.
.PP
The header file defines macros to extract commonly-used
attributes:
.IP
.EX
PIC_NCHAN(pf), PIC_WIDTH(pf), PIC_HEIGHT(pf),
PIC_SAMEARGS(pf) \fR(see \fP\&picopen_w\fR)\fP
.EE
.PP
.I Picunpack
extracts the channels of pixel array
.I pix
into separate array
.I args
of types described by the
.I fmt
character string.
Format characters are
.BR c ,
.BR s ,
.BR l ,
.BR f ,
.BR d ,
for arrays of types unsigned char, short, long,
float, and double.
Format character
.B _
designates a picfile channel to be skipped.
.I Picpack
reverses the process.
These routines effect a standard machine-independent byte
ordering.
.PP
.IR Picerror
prints messages for errors resulting from calls to
.I picfile
routines.
.RI ( Perror (3)
cannot describe some error conditions,
like malformed header lines.)
.SH EXAMPLES
Unpack the green and z channels from a file with channels
.B rgbz...
.br
.ns
.IP
.EX
PICFILE *pf = picopen_r("file");
extern char pixels[], green[][1000];
extern float zdepth[][1000];
for(i=0; picread(pf, pixels); i)
	picunpack(pf, pixels, "_c_f", green[i], zdepth[i]);
.EE
.PP
Reflect a picture about its vertical midline.
.br
.ns
.IP
.EX
PICFILE *in = picopen_r("picture");
PICFILE *out = picopen_w("OUT", PIC_SAMEARGS(in));
int w = PIC_WIDTH(in);
int n = PIC_NCHAN(in);
char *buffer = malloc(w*n), *temp = malloc(n);
while (picread(in, buffer)) {
	char *left = buffer;
	char *right = buffer + n*(w - 1);
	for( ; left<right; left+=n, right-=n) {
		strncpy(temp, left, n);
		strncpy(left, right, n);
		strncpy(right, temp, n);
	}
	picwrite(out, buffer);
}
.EE
.SH SEE ALSO
.IR picfile (5),
.IR pico (1),
.IR bcp (1)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
.I Picread
returns 1 on success, 0 on end of file or error.
.br
.I Picopen_r
and
.I picopen_w
return 0 for unopenable files.
.SH BUGS
.I Picpack
and
.I picunpack
store and retrieve floating point channels (types
.B f
and
.BR d )
using native floating-point, rather than something
machine independent like IEEE format.

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