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Annotation of researchv10dc/man/adm/man3/stdio.3, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH STDIO 3S
        !             2: .CT 2 file_io
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: stdio \(mi standard buffered input/output package
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .nf
        !             7: .B #include <stdio.h>
        !             8: .PP
        !             9: .B FILE *stdin;
        !            10: .B FILE *stdout;
        !            11: .B FILE *stderr;
        !            12: .fi
        !            13: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            14: The functions described in Sections 3S constitute an efficient
        !            15: user-level buffering scheme.
        !            16: The in-line macros
        !            17: .IR getc (3)
        !            18: and
        !            19: .IR  putc
        !            20: handle characters quickly.
        !            21: The higher level routines
        !            22: .I "fgets, scanf, fscanf, fread,"
        !            23: .I "puts, fputs, printf, fprintf, fwrite"
        !            24: all use
        !            25: .I getc
        !            26: and
        !            27: .I putc;
        !            28: they can be freely intermixed.
        !            29: .PP
        !            30: A file with associated buffering is called a
        !            31: .I stream,
        !            32: and is declared to be a pointer to a defined type
        !            33: .BR FILE .
        !            34: .IR  Fopen (3)
        !            35: creates certain descriptive data for a stream
        !            36: and returns a pointer to designate the stream in all
        !            37: further transactions.
        !            38: There are three normally open streams with constant
        !            39: pointers declared in
        !            40: the include file and associated with the standard open files:
        !            41: .TP 10n
        !            42: .BR stdin
        !            43: standard input file
        !            44: .br
        !            45: .ns
        !            46: .TP
        !            47: .B stdout
        !            48: standard output file
        !            49: .br
        !            50: .ns
        !            51: .TP
        !            52: .BR stderr
        !            53: standard error file
        !            54: .PP
        !            55: A constant pointer
        !            56: .L
        !            57: NULL
        !            58: designates no stream at all.
        !            59: .PP
        !            60: An integer constant
        !            61: .B EOF
        !            62: is returned
        !            63: upon end of file or error by integer functions that
        !            64: deal with streams.
        !            65: .PP
        !            66: Any routine that uses the standard input/output package
        !            67: must include the header file
        !            68: .F <stdio.h>
        !            69: of pertinent
        !            70: macro definitions.
        !            71: The functions and constants mentioned in sections labeled 3S
        !            72: are declared in the include file
        !            73: and need no further declaration.
        !            74: The constants, and the following `functions' are
        !            75: implemented as macros:
        !            76: .I getc,
        !            77: .I getchar,
        !            78: .I putc,
        !            79: .I putchar,
        !            80: .I feof,
        !            81: .I ferror,
        !            82: .IR fileno .
        !            83: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !            84: .IR printf (3),
        !            85: .IR scanf (3),
        !            86: .IR fopen (3),
        !            87: .IR getc (3),
        !            88: .IR fgets (3),
        !            89: .IR fread (3),
        !            90: .IR fseek (3),
        !            91: .IR ungetc (3),
        !            92: .IR popen (3),
        !            93: .IR setbuf (3),
        !            94: .IR ferror (3)
        !            95: .br
        !            96: .IR open (2), 
        !            97: .IR read (2), 
        !            98: .IR fio (3)
        !            99: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !           100: The value
        !           101: .B EOF
        !           102: is returned uniformly to indicate that a
        !           103: .B FILE
        !           104: pointer has not been initialized with
        !           105: .I fopen,
        !           106: input (output) has been attempted on an output (input) stream,
        !           107: or a
        !           108: .B FILE
        !           109: pointer designates corrupt or otherwise unintelligible
        !           110: .B FILE
        !           111: data.
        !           112: .SH BUGS
        !           113: Buffering of output can prevent output data
        !           114: from being seen until long after it is computed \- perhaps
        !           115: never, as when an abort occurs between buffer filling and flushing.
        !           116: .br
        !           117: Buffering of input can cause a process to consume
        !           118: more input than it actually uses.
        !           119: This can cause trouble across
        !           120: .IR exec (2)
        !           121: or
        !           122: .IR system (3)
        !           123: calls.

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