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Annotation of researchv10dc/man/adm/man3/stdio.3, revision 1.1.1.1

1.1       root        1: .TH STDIO 3S
                      2: .CT 2 file_io
                      3: .SH NAME
                      4: stdio \(mi standard buffered input/output package
                      5: .SH SYNOPSIS
                      6: .nf
                      7: .B #include <stdio.h>
                      8: .PP
                      9: .B FILE *stdin;
                     10: .B FILE *stdout;
                     11: .B FILE *stderr;
                     12: .fi
                     13: .SH DESCRIPTION
                     14: The functions described in Sections 3S constitute an efficient
                     15: user-level buffering scheme.
                     16: The in-line macros
                     17: .IR getc (3)
                     18: and
                     19: .IR  putc
                     20: handle characters quickly.
                     21: The higher level routines
                     22: .I "fgets, scanf, fscanf, fread,"
                     23: .I "puts, fputs, printf, fprintf, fwrite"
                     24: all use
                     25: .I getc
                     26: and
                     27: .I putc;
                     28: they can be freely intermixed.
                     29: .PP
                     30: A file with associated buffering is called a
                     31: .I stream,
                     32: and is declared to be a pointer to a defined type
                     33: .BR FILE .
                     34: .IR  Fopen (3)
                     35: creates certain descriptive data for a stream
                     36: and returns a pointer to designate the stream in all
                     37: further transactions.
                     38: There are three normally open streams with constant
                     39: pointers declared in
                     40: the include file and associated with the standard open files:
                     41: .TP 10n
                     42: .BR stdin
                     43: standard input file
                     44: .br
                     45: .ns
                     46: .TP
                     47: .B stdout
                     48: standard output file
                     49: .br
                     50: .ns
                     51: .TP
                     52: .BR stderr
                     53: standard error file
                     54: .PP
                     55: A constant pointer
                     56: .L
                     57: NULL
                     58: designates no stream at all.
                     59: .PP
                     60: An integer constant
                     61: .B EOF
                     62: is returned
                     63: upon end of file or error by integer functions that
                     64: deal with streams.
                     65: .PP
                     66: Any routine that uses the standard input/output package
                     67: must include the header file
                     68: .F <stdio.h>
                     69: of pertinent
                     70: macro definitions.
                     71: The functions and constants mentioned in sections labeled 3S
                     72: are declared in the include file
                     73: and need no further declaration.
                     74: The constants, and the following `functions' are
                     75: implemented as macros:
                     76: .I getc,
                     77: .I getchar,
                     78: .I putc,
                     79: .I putchar,
                     80: .I feof,
                     81: .I ferror,
                     82: .IR fileno .
                     83: .SH "SEE ALSO"
                     84: .IR printf (3),
                     85: .IR scanf (3),
                     86: .IR fopen (3),
                     87: .IR getc (3),
                     88: .IR fgets (3),
                     89: .IR fread (3),
                     90: .IR fseek (3),
                     91: .IR ungetc (3),
                     92: .IR popen (3),
                     93: .IR setbuf (3),
                     94: .IR ferror (3)
                     95: .br
                     96: .IR open (2), 
                     97: .IR read (2), 
                     98: .IR fio (3)
                     99: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
                    100: The value
                    101: .B EOF
                    102: is returned uniformly to indicate that a
                    103: .B FILE
                    104: pointer has not been initialized with
                    105: .I fopen,
                    106: input (output) has been attempted on an output (input) stream,
                    107: or a
                    108: .B FILE
                    109: pointer designates corrupt or otherwise unintelligible
                    110: .B FILE
                    111: data.
                    112: .SH BUGS
                    113: Buffering of output can prevent output data
                    114: from being seen until long after it is computed \- perhaps
                    115: never, as when an abort occurs between buffer filling and flushing.
                    116: .br
                    117: Buffering of input can cause a process to consume
                    118: more input than it actually uses.
                    119: This can cause trouble across
                    120: .IR exec (2)
                    121: or
                    122: .IR system (3)
                    123: calls.

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