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Annotation of researchv10dc/man/adm/man5/font.5, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH FONT 5
        !             2: .CT 1 writing_output
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: font \- description files for troff
        !             5: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !             6: Directories
        !             7: .BI /usr/lib/font/dev dest
        !             8: describe typesetters,
        !             9: where
        !            10: .I dest
        !            11: is as in the
        !            12: .B -T
        !            13: option of
        !            14: .IR troff (1).
        !            15: Such directories contain files named as in FILES below.
        !            16: .PP
        !            17: Lines of a typesetter description in file
        !            18: .F DESC
        !            19: have the following forms.
        !            20: .TF paperlength\ n
        !            21: .TP
        !            22: .BI res " n
        !            23: Resolution of device is
        !            24: .I n
        !            25: basic units per inch.
        !            26: .PD0
        !            27: .TP
        !            28: .BI hor " n
        !            29: Horizontal motion occurs in increments of
        !            30: .I n
        !            31: units.
        !            32: .TP
        !            33: .BI vert " n
        !            34: Vertical motion occurs in increments of
        !            35: .I n
        !            36: units.
        !            37: .TP
        !            38: .BI unitwidth " n
        !            39: Widths are given for pointsize
        !            40: .I n.
        !            41: .TP
        !            42: .BI sizescale " n
        !            43: Scaling for fractional pointsizes, not used.
        !            44: .TP
        !            45: .BI paperwidth " n
        !            46: Width of paper is
        !            47: .I n
        !            48: units.
        !            49: .TP
        !            50: .BI paperlength " n
        !            51: Length of paper is
        !            52: .I n
        !            53: units.
        !            54: .TP
        !            55: .BI biggestfont " n
        !            56: Maximum number of characters in a font is
        !            57: .I n.
        !            58: .TP
        !            59: .BI sizes " n n n ... " 0
        !            60: Pointsizes
        !            61: .I "n ...
        !            62: are available.
        !            63: .TP
        !            64: .BI fonts " n name ...
        !            65: Number of initial fonts followed by their names,
        !            66: for example
        !            67: .br
        !            68: .L
        !            69: fonts 4 R I B S
        !            70: .TP 
        !            71: .B charset
        !            72: This line comes last, followed by
        !            73: a list of special character names for
        !            74: the device, separated by spaces or newlines, as
        !            75: .BR bu
        !            76: for
        !            77: .BR \e(bu
        !            78: .PD
        !            79: .PP
        !            80: Lines of a font description file have the following forms.
        !            81: .TF paperlength\ n
        !            82: .TP
        !            83: .BI name " name
        !            84: name of the font,
        !            85: such as
        !            86: .B R
        !            87: or
        !            88: .B CW
        !            89: .PD 0
        !            90: .TP
        !            91: .BI internalname " name
        !            92: The typesetter's name for the font, independent of the
        !            93: .I troff
        !            94: name or font position.
        !            95: .TP
        !            96: .B special
        !            97: A
        !            98: .I troff
        !            99: special font, logically part of all non-special fonts.
        !           100: .TP
        !           101: .BI ligatures " name ... " 0
        !           102: The named ligatures are available.
        !           103: Legal names are
        !           104: .BR "ff fi fl ffi ffl" .
        !           105: .TP
        !           106: .BI spacewidth " n
        !           107: Space is
        !           108: .I n
        !           109: units wide (default 1/3 of an em).
        !           110: .TP
        !           111: .B charset
        !           112: Must come last.
        !           113: Each line following
        !           114: .B charset
        !           115: describes one character thus:
        !           116: .PD
        !           117: .IP
        !           118: .I "name  width  height  code
        !           119: .IP
        !           120: .I Name
        !           121: is either a single ASCII character or a special character listed in
        !           122: .FR DESC .
        !           123: .I Width
        !           124: is in basic units.
        !           125: .I Height
        !           126: is 1 if the character descends below
        !           127: the baseline,
        !           128: 2 if it rises above the letter `a',
        !           129: 3 if it both rises and
        !           130: descends, 0 for neither.
        !           131: .I Code
        !           132: is the number sent to the typesetter to produce the character.
        !           133: If a character name is a synonym for the preceding one,
        !           134: its width, height, and code may be replaced by one double quote
        !           135: \fL"\fR.
        !           136: .PP
        !           137: Lines beginning with
        !           138: .B #
        !           139: are comments in both
        !           140: .B DESC
        !           141: and font description files.
        !           142: .PP
        !           143: .I Troff
        !           144: and its postprocessors use the binary versions as compiled by
        !           145: a program
        !           146: .I makedev.
        !           147: .ig
        !           148: .PP
        !           149: The file
        !           150: .I DESC.out
        !           151: starts with the
        !           152: .I dev
        !           153: structure,
        !           154: defined by
        !           155: .IR dev.h :
        !           156: .CW
        !           157: .ta0.6i 1.8i
        !           158:  /*
        !           159: dev.h: characteristics of a typesetter
        !           160: * /
        !           161: 
        !           162: \s-1struct dev {
        !           163: unsigned short\ filesize;\ \ /* number of bytes in file, */
        !           164: \0\0   \0\0\0\0\0      /* excluding dev part */
        !           165: short  res;            /* basic resolution in goobies/inch */
        !           166: short  hor;            /* goobies horizontally */
        !           167: short  vert;
        !           168: short  unitwidth;      /* size at which widths are given*/
        !           169: short  nfonts;\0       /* number fonts physically available */
        !           170: short  nsizes;\0       /* number of pointsizes */
        !           171: short  sizescale;      /* scaling for fractional pointsizes */
        !           172: short  paperwidth;     /* max line length in units */
        !           173: short  paperlength;    /* max paper length in units */
        !           174: short  nchtab;\0       /* number of funny names in chtab */
        !           175: short  lchname;        /* length of chname table */
        !           176: short  biggestfont;    /* max # of chars in a font */
        !           177: short  spare;  /* in case of expansion */\f1
        !           178: };
        !           179: .CE
        !           180: .IR filesize
        !           181: is just the size of everything in
        !           182: .I DESC.out
        !           183: excluding the
        !           184: .I dev
        !           185: structure.
        !           186: .I nfonts
        !           187: is the number of different font positions available.
        !           188: .I nsizes
        !           189: is the number of different pointsizes supported by this typesetter.
        !           190: .I nchtab
        !           191: is the number of special character names.
        !           192: .I lchname
        !           193: is the total number of characters,
        !           194: including nulls,
        !           195: needed to list all
        !           196: the special character names.
        !           197: At the end of the structure is one spare for later expansions.
        !           198: .PP
        !           199: Immediately following the
        !           200: .I dev
        !           201: structure are a number of tables.
        !           202: First is the
        !           203: .I sizes
        !           204: table,
        !           205: which contains
        !           206: .I nsizes
        !           207: + 1 shorts(a null at the end),
        !           208: describing the pointsizes of text
        !           209: available on this device.
        !           210: The second table is the
        !           211: .IR funny_char_index_table .
        !           212: It contains indexes into the table that follows it,
        !           213: the
        !           214: .IR funny_char_strings .
        !           215: The indexes point to the beginning of each special character name
        !           216: that is stored in the
        !           217: .I funny_char_strings
        !           218: table.
        !           219: The
        !           220: .I funny_char_strings
        !           221: table is
        !           222: .I lchname
        !           223: characters long,
        !           224: while the
        !           225: .I funny_char_index_table
        !           226: is
        !           227: .I nchtab
        !           228: shorts long.
        !           229: .PP
        !           230: Following the
        !           231: .I dev
        !           232: structure will occur
        !           233: .I nfonts
        !           234: .I {font}.out
        !           235: files,
        !           236: which are used to initialize the font positions.
        !           237: These
        !           238: .I {font}.out
        !           239: files,
        !           240: which also exist as separate files,
        !           241: begin with a
        !           242: .I Font
        !           243: structure and then are followed by four character arrays:
        !           244: .CW
        !           245: \s-1struct Font {        /* characteristics of a font */
        !           246: char    nwfont;         /* number of width entries */
        !           247: char    specfont;       /* 1 == special font */
        !           248: char     ligfont;       /* 1 == ligatures exist on this font */
        !           249: char    namefont[10]; /* name of this font, e.g., R */
        !           250: char    intname[10];  /* internal name of font, in ASCII */
        !           251: }\s+1;
        !           252: .CE
        !           253: The
        !           254: .I Font
        !           255: structure tells how many defined characters there are in
        !           256: the font, whether the font is a "special" font and if it contains
        !           257: ligatures.
        !           258: It also has the ASCII name of the font,
        !           259: which should
        !           260: match the name of the file it appears in,
        !           261: and the internal
        !           262: name of the font on the typesetting device
        !           263: .RI ( intname ).
        !           264: The internal name is
        !           265: independent of the font position and name that
        !           266: .B troff
        !           267: knows about.
        !           268: For
        !           269: example, you might say mount R in position 4,
        !           270: but when asking
        !           271: the typesetter to actually produce a character from the R
        !           272: font,
        !           273: the postprocessor which instructs the typesetter would
        !           274: use
        !           275: .IR intname .
        !           276: .PP
        !           277: The first three character arrays are specific for the font and run
        !           278: in parallel.
        !           279: The first array,
        !           280: .IR widths ,
        !           281: contains the width of each character
        !           282: relative to
        !           283: .IR unitwidth .
        !           284: .I unitwidth
        !           285: is defined in
        !           286: .IR DESC .
        !           287: The second array,
        !           288: .IR height ,
        !           289: contains height information.
        !           290: If a character rises
        !           291: above the letter 'a',
        !           292: 02 is set.
        !           293: If it descends below the line,
        !           294: 01 is set.
        !           295: The third array,
        !           296: .IR codes ,
        !           297: contains the code that is sent to
        !           298: the typesetter to produce the character.
        !           299: .PP
        !           300: The fourth array is defined by the device description in
        !           301: .IR DESC .
        !           302: It is the
        !           303: .IR font_index_table .
        !           304: This table contains indexes into the
        !           305: .IR width ,
        !           306: .IR height ,
        !           307: and
        !           308: .I code
        !           309: tables for each character.
        !           310: The order that characters appear in these three
        !           311: tables is arbitrary and changes from one font to the next.
        !           312: In order for
        !           313: .B troff
        !           314: to be able to translate from ASCII and the special character names to these
        !           315: arbitrary tables,
        !           316: the
        !           317: .I font_index_table
        !           318: is created with an order that is constant for each device.
        !           319: The number of entries in this table is 96 plus the number of special
        !           320: character names for this device.
        !           321: The value
        !           322: 96 is
        !           323: 128 - 32,
        !           324: the number of printable characters in the
        !           325: ASCII alphabet.
        !           326: To determine whether a normal ASCII character exists,
        !           327: .B troff
        !           328: takes the ASCII value of the character,
        !           329: subtracts 32,
        !           330: and looks in the
        !           331: .IR font_index_table .
        !           332: If it finds a 0,
        !           333: the character is not defined in this font.
        !           334: If it
        !           335: finds anything else,
        !           336: that is the index into
        !           337: .IR widths ,
        !           338: .IR height ,
        !           339: and
        !           340: .I codes
        !           341: that describe that character.
        !           342: .PP
        !           343: To look up a special character name,
        !           344: for example
        !           345: .BR \e(pl ,
        !           346: the mathematical plus sign,
        !           347: and determine whether it appears
        !           348: in a particular font or not,
        !           349: the following procedure is followed.
        !           350: A
        !           351: .I counter
        !           352: is set to 0 and an index to a special character name
        !           353: is picked out of the
        !           354: .I counter'th
        !           355: position in the
        !           356: .IR funny_char_index_table .
        !           357: A string comparison is performed between
        !           358: .I funny_char_strings [ funny_char_index_table
        !           359: .I [ counter ] ]
        !           360: and the special character name,
        !           361: in
        !           362: our example
        !           363: .BR pl ,
        !           364: and if it matches,
        !           365: then
        !           366: .B troff
        !           367: refers to this character as (96 +
        !           368: .IR counter ).
        !           369: When it wants to
        !           370: determine whether a specific font supports this character,
        !           371: it
        !           372: looks in
        !           373: .IR font_index_table "[96 + " counter ].
        !           374: .PP
        !           375: The 0th element of the
        !           376: .I width
        !           377: array defines the width of a space.
        !           378: If that element is 0, the width of
        !           379: a space is taken to be 1/3 the width of the
        !           380: .LR \e(em 
        !           381: character.
        !           382: ..
        !           383: .SH FILES
        !           384: .TF /usr/lib/font/dev*
        !           385: .TP
        !           386: .F /usr/lib/font/dev*
        !           387: typesetter description directory
        !           388: .TP
        !           389: .F DESC
        !           390: typesetter description (ASCII)
        !           391: .TP
        !           392: .F DESC.out
        !           393: typesetter description (binary); created by
        !           394: .I makedev
        !           395: .TP
        !           396: .I font
        !           397: description of the named
        !           398: .I font
        !           399: (ASCII)
        !           400: .TP
        !           401: .IB font .out
        !           402: description of the named
        !           403: .I font
        !           404: (binary); created by
        !           405: .I makedev
        !           406: .TP
        !           407: .F /n/bowell/usr/src/cmd/troff/makedev
        !           408: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           409: .IR troff (1)
        !           410: .br
        !           411: B. W. Kernighan,
        !           412: `A Typesetter-Independent Troff',
        !           413: this manual, Volume 2

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