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Annotation of researchv10dc/man/adm/man7/map.7, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH MAP 7 bowell
        !             2: .CT 1 inst_info
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: map \- draw maps on various projections
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B map
        !             7: .I projection
        !             8: [
        !             9: .I param ...
        !            10: ]
        !            11: [
        !            12: .I option ...
        !            13: ]
        !            14: .PP
        !            15: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            16: .I Map
        !            17: prepares on the standard output a
        !            18: map suitable for display by any
        !            19: plotting filter described in
        !            20: .IR  plot (1).
        !            21: A menu of projections is produced in response to an unknown
        !            22: .IR projection .
        !            23: For the meanings of
        !            24: .I params
        !            25: pertinent to particular projections
        !            26: see
        !            27: .IR  map (3).
        !            28: .PP
        !            29: The default data for
        !            30: .I map
        !            31: are world shorelines.
        !            32: Option
        !            33: .B -f
        !            34: accesses more detailed data
        !            35: classified by feature.
        !            36: .TP
        !            37: .BR -f " [ \fIfeature\fR ... ]"
        !            38: Known
        !            39: features are ranked 1 to 4 from major to minor,
        !            40: with a higher-numbered rank including all lower-numbered ones.
        !            41: A missing rank is taken to be 1.
        !            42: Features are
        !            43: .RS
        !            44: .TF country[1-3]
        !            45: .TP
        !            46: .BR shore [ 1 - 4 ] 
        !            47: seacoasts, lakes, and islands; option
        !            48: .B -f
        !            49: always shows
        !            50: .B shore1
        !            51: .TP
        !            52: .BR ilake [ 1 - 2 ] 
        !            53: intermittent lakes
        !            54: .TP
        !            55: .BR river [ 1 - 4 ] 
        !            56: rivers
        !            57: .TP
        !            58: .BR iriver [ 1 - 3 ] 
        !            59: intermittent rivers
        !            60: .TP
        !            61: .BR canal [ 1 - 3 ] 
        !            62: .BR 3 =irrigation
        !            63: canals
        !            64: .TP
        !            65: .BR glacier
        !            66: .TP
        !            67: .BR iceshelf [ 12 ] 
        !            68: .TP
        !            69: .BR reef
        !            70: .TP
        !            71: .BR saltpan [ 12 ] 
        !            72: .TP
        !            73: .BR country [ 1 - 3 ] 
        !            74: .BR 2 =disputed
        !            75: boundaries,
        !            76: .BR 3 =indefinite
        !            77: boundaries
        !            78: .TP
        !            79: .BR state
        !            80: states and provinces (US and Canada only)
        !            81: .PD
        !            82: .RE
        !            83: .PP
        !            84: In the following list of other options
        !            85: all coordinates are in degrees, with north latitude
        !            86: and west longitude counted as positive.
        !            87: .TP 0
        !            88: .BI -l " S N E W"
        !            89: the southern and northern latitude
        !            90: and the eastern and western longitude limits of the desired map.
        !            91: Missing arguments are filled out from the list
        !            92: \-90, 90, \-180, 180,
        !            93: or lesser limits suitable to the
        !            94: projection at hand.
        !            95: .TP
        !            96: .BI -k " S N E W
        !            97: Set the scale as if for a map with limits
        !            98: .B -l
        !            99: .I "S N E W".
        !           100: Do not consider any
        !           101: .B -l
        !           102: or
        !           103: .B -w
        !           104: option in setting scale.
        !           105: .TP
        !           106: .BI -o " lat lon rot"
        !           107: Orient the map in a nonstandard position.
        !           108: Imagine a transparent gridded sphere around the globe.
        !           109: First turn the overlay about the North Pole
        !           110: so that the Prime Meridian (longitude 0)
        !           111: of the overlay coincides with meridian
        !           112: .I lon
        !           113: on the globe.
        !           114: Then tilt the North Pole of the
        !           115: overlay along its Prime Meridian to latitude
        !           116: .I lat
        !           117: on the globe.
        !           118: Finally again turn the
        !           119: overlay about its `North Pole' so
        !           120: that its Prime Meridian coincides with the previous position
        !           121: of meridian
        !           122: .IR rot .
        !           123: Project the desired map in
        !           124: the standard form appropriate to the overlay, but presenting
        !           125: information from the underlying globe.
        !           126: Missing arguments are filled out from the list
        !           127: 90, 0, 0.
        !           128: Default orientation is 90, 0,
        !           129: .I m,
        !           130: where
        !           131: .I m
        !           132: is the middle of the longitude range.
        !           133: .TP
        !           134: .BI -w " S N E W"
        !           135: Window the map by the specified latitudes
        !           136: and longitudes in the tilted, rotated coordinate system.
        !           137: Missing arguments are filled out from the list \-90, 90, \-180, 180.
        !           138: (It is wise to give an encompassing
        !           139: .B -l
        !           140: option with
        !           141: .BR -w .
        !           142: Otherwise for small windows computing time
        !           143: varies inversely with area!)
        !           144: .TP
        !           145: .BI -d " n"
        !           146: Alter the density of points
        !           147: by plotting only every
        !           148: .IR n th
        !           149: one.
        !           150: .TP
        !           151: .B  -r
        !           152: Reverse left and right side of map,
        !           153: for star charts and inside-out views.
        !           154: .ns
        !           155: .TP
        !           156: .B  -s
        !           157: Save the screen, don't erase before drawing.
        !           158: Output made under
        !           159: .B -s
        !           160: must be appended to output of another
        !           161: .I map
        !           162: command.
        !           163: .TP
        !           164: .BI -g " dlat dlon res"
        !           165: Grid spacings are
        !           166: .I dlat,
        !           167: .I dlon
        !           168: (10 degrees by default).
        !           169: Zero spacing means no grid.
        !           170: Missing
        !           171: .I dlat
        !           172: is taken to be zero.
        !           173: Missing
        !           174: .I dlon
        !           175: is taken the same as
        !           176: .IR dlat .
        !           177: Grid lines are drawn to a resolution of
        !           178: .I res
        !           179: (2 degrees or less by default).
        !           180: .TP
        !           181: .BI -p " lat lon extent"
        !           182: Position the point
        !           183: .I lat, lon
        !           184: at the center of the plotting area, and
        !           185: scale so that the height (and width) of the
        !           186: nominal plotting area is
        !           187: .I extent
        !           188: times the size of one degree of latitude
        !           189: at the center.
        !           190: For example, a standard 
        !           191: Mercator wall map comes out as if positioned
        !           192: and scaled
        !           193: with
        !           194: .BR "-p 0 0 360" .
        !           195: An
        !           196: .I extent
        !           197: overrides option
        !           198: .BR -k .
        !           199: .TP
        !           200: .BI -c " x y"
        !           201: After all other positioning and scaling operations
        !           202: have been performed, move the center of the map
        !           203: to position
        !           204: .I x, y,
        !           205: where the nominal plotting area is
        !           206: .RI \-1 \(<= x \(<= 1,
        !           207: .RI \-1 \(<= y \(<= 1.
        !           208: .TP
        !           209: .BR -m " [ \fIfile\fP ... ]"
        !           210: Use
        !           211: map data from named files instead of the defaults.
        !           212: If no files are named, omit map data.
        !           213: Names that are not the pathname of real files are looked up in
        !           214: a standard directory, which contains, in addition to the
        !           215: data for
        !           216: .BR -f ,
        !           217: .RS
        !           218: .LP
        !           219: .TF counties
        !           220: .TP
        !           221: .B world
        !           222: World Data Bank I from CIA (the default map)
        !           223: .TP
        !           224: .B states
        !           225: US map from Census Bureau
        !           226: .TP
        !           227: .B counties
        !           228: US map from Census Bureau
        !           229: .PD
        !           230: .RE
        !           231: .IP
        !           232: The environment variables
        !           233: .B MAP 
        !           234: and
        !           235: .B MAPDIR 
        !           236: change the default
        !           237: map and default directory.
        !           238: .TP
        !           239: .BI -b " \fR[\fPlat lon\fR... ]"
        !           240: Suppress the drawing of the normal boundary
        !           241: (defined by option
        !           242: .BR -l ).
        !           243: Coordinates, if present, define the vertices of a
        !           244: drawn polygon to which the map is clipped.
        !           245: If only two vertices are given, they are taken to be the
        !           246: diagonal of a rectangle.
        !           247: .TP
        !           248: .BI -t " file ..."
        !           249: The following arguments name ASCII files that
        !           250: contain lists of points,
        !           251: given as latitude-longitude pairs in degrees.
        !           252: If the first file is named 
        !           253: .LR - ,
        !           254: the standard input is taken instead.
        !           255: The points of each list are plotted as connected `tracks'.
        !           256: .IP
        !           257: Points in a track file may be followed by label strings.
        !           258: A label breaks the track.
        !           259: A label may be prefixed by
        !           260: \f5"\fR,
        !           261: .LR : ,
        !           262: or 
        !           263: .L !
        !           264: and is terminated by a newline.
        !           265: An unprefixed string or a string prefixed with
        !           266: .L
        !           267: "
        !           268: is displayed at the designated point.
        !           269: The first word of a
        !           270: .L :
        !           271: or
        !           272: .L !
        !           273: string names a special symbol (see option
        !           274: .BR -y ).
        !           275: An optional numerical second word is a scale factor
        !           276: for the size of the symbol, 1 by default.
        !           277: A
        !           278: .L :
        !           279: symbol is aligned with its top to the north; a
        !           280: .L !
        !           281: symbol is aligned vertically on the page.
        !           282: .TP
        !           283: .BI -u " file ..."
        !           284: Same as
        !           285: .BR -t ,
        !           286: except the tracks are
        !           287: unbroken lines.
        !           288: .RB ( -t
        !           289: tracks appear as dot-dashed lines if the plotting filter supports them.)
        !           290: .TP
        !           291: .BI -y " file
        !           292: The
        !           293: .I file
        !           294: contains 
        !           295: .IR plot (5)-style
        !           296: data for
        !           297: .L :
        !           298: or
        !           299: .L !
        !           300: labels in
        !           301: .B -t
        !           302: or
        !           303: .B -u
        !           304: files.
        !           305: Each symbol is defined by a comment
        !           306: .BI : name
        !           307: then a sequence of
        !           308: .L m
        !           309: and
        !           310: .L v
        !           311: commands.
        !           312: Coordinates (0,0) fall on the plotting point.
        !           313: Default scaling is as if the nominal plotting range were
        !           314: .LR "ra -1 -1 1 1" ;
        !           315: .L ra
        !           316: commands in
        !           317: .I file
        !           318: change the scaling.
        !           319: .SH EXAMPLES
        !           320: .TP
        !           321: .L
        !           322: map perspective 1.025 -o 40.75 74
        !           323: A view looking straight down on New York from 100 miles
        !           324: (0.025 earth radius) up.
        !           325: The job can be done faster by limiting the map so as not to `plot'
        !           326: the invisible part of the world:
        !           327: .L
        !           328: map perspective 1.025 -o 40.75 74 -l 20 60 30 100
        !           329: .TP
        !           330: .L
        !           331: map mercator -o 49.25 -106 180
        !           332: An `equatorial' map of the earth
        !           333: centered on New York.
        !           334: The pole of the map is placed 90 degrees away (40.75+49.25=90)
        !           335: on the
        !           336: other side of the earth.
        !           337: A 180-degree twist around the pole of the map arranges that the
        !           338: `Prime Meridian' of the map runs from the pole of the
        !           339: map over the North Pole to New York
        !           340: instead of down the back side of the earth.
        !           341: The same effect can be had from
        !           342: .L
        !           343: map mercator -o 130.75 74
        !           344: .TP
        !           345: .L
        !           346: map albers 28 45 -l 20 50 60 130 -m states
        !           347: A customary curved-latitude map of the United States.
        !           348: .SH FILES
        !           349: .TF /usr1/maps/[1-4]??
        !           350: .TP
        !           351: .F /usr1/maps/[1-4]??
        !           352: World Data Bank II
        !           353: .TP
        !           354: .F /usr1/maps/world
        !           355: World Data Bank I
        !           356: .TP
        !           357: .F /usr1/maps/states
        !           358: DIMECO
        !           359: .TP
        !           360: .F /usr1/maps/counties
        !           361: DIMECO
        !           362: .TP
        !           363: .F /usr/lib/map
        !           364: the program
        !           365: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           366: .IR map (5), 
        !           367: .IR proj (3), 
        !           368: .IR plot (1)
        !           369: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !           370: `Map seems to be empty'\(emthe intersection of the
        !           371: limits and the window seems to be null;
        !           372: for very local maps,
        !           373: the grid resolution
        !           374: .I res
        !           375: may have to be refined.
        !           376: .SH BUGS
        !           377: Border lines are drawn only along edges arising from
        !           378: .B -b
        !           379: or 
        !           380: .B -l
        !           381: options (including default
        !           382: .BR -l ).
        !           383: No borders appear along edges arising from
        !           384: .B -w
        !           385: or from visibility limits.
        !           386: .br
        !           387: Border lines arising from
        !           388: .B -b
        !           389: cannot be suppressed.
        !           390: .br
        !           391: Segments that cross a border are dropped, not clipped.
        !           392: .br
        !           393: Because `close' messages stop some plotting filters,
        !           394: .I map
        !           395: puts no close message on the standard output.
        !           396: This prevents such filters from stopping early
        !           397: when an overlay follows with option
        !           398: .BR -s .
        !           399: However such filters may not like to see an end of file;
        !           400: if funny things happen at the end of a map, tack on a
        !           401: close message (see
        !           402: .IR plot (5)).

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