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1.1 root 1: .TH MAP 7 bowell
2: .CT 1 inst_info
3: .SH NAME
4: map \- draw maps on various projections
5: .SH SYNOPSIS
6: .B map
7: .I projection
8: [
9: .I param ...
10: ]
11: [
12: .I option ...
13: ]
14: .PP
15: .SH DESCRIPTION
16: .I Map
17: prepares on the standard output a
18: map suitable for display by any
19: plotting filter described in
20: .IR plot (1).
21: A menu of projections is produced in response to an unknown
22: .IR projection .
23: For the meanings of
24: .I params
25: pertinent to particular projections
26: see
27: .IR map (3).
28: .PP
29: The default data for
30: .I map
31: are world shorelines.
32: Option
33: .B -f
34: accesses more detailed data
35: classified by feature.
36: .TP
37: .BR -f " [ \fIfeature\fR ... ]"
38: Known
39: features are ranked 1 to 4 from major to minor,
40: with a higher-numbered rank including all lower-numbered ones.
41: A missing rank is taken to be 1.
42: Features are
43: .RS
44: .TF country[1-3]
45: .TP
46: .BR shore [ 1 - 4 ]
47: seacoasts, lakes, and islands; option
48: .B -f
49: always shows
50: .B shore1
51: .TP
52: .BR ilake [ 1 - 2 ]
53: intermittent lakes
54: .TP
55: .BR river [ 1 - 4 ]
56: rivers
57: .TP
58: .BR iriver [ 1 - 3 ]
59: intermittent rivers
60: .TP
61: .BR canal [ 1 - 3 ]
62: .BR 3 =irrigation
63: canals
64: .TP
65: .BR glacier
66: .TP
67: .BR iceshelf [ 12 ]
68: .TP
69: .BR reef
70: .TP
71: .BR saltpan [ 12 ]
72: .TP
73: .BR country [ 1 - 3 ]
74: .BR 2 =disputed
75: boundaries,
76: .BR 3 =indefinite
77: boundaries
78: .TP
79: .BR state
80: states and provinces (US and Canada only)
81: .PD
82: .RE
83: .PP
84: In the following list of other options
85: all coordinates are in degrees, with north latitude
86: and west longitude counted as positive.
87: .TP 0
88: .BI -l " S N E W"
89: the southern and northern latitude
90: and the eastern and western longitude limits of the desired map.
91: Missing arguments are filled out from the list
92: \-90, 90, \-180, 180,
93: or lesser limits suitable to the
94: projection at hand.
95: .TP
96: .BI -k " S N E W
97: Set the scale as if for a map with limits
98: .B -l
99: .I "S N E W".
100: Do not consider any
101: .B -l
102: or
103: .B -w
104: option in setting scale.
105: .TP
106: .BI -o " lat lon rot"
107: Orient the map in a nonstandard position.
108: Imagine a transparent gridded sphere around the globe.
109: First turn the overlay about the North Pole
110: so that the Prime Meridian (longitude 0)
111: of the overlay coincides with meridian
112: .I lon
113: on the globe.
114: Then tilt the North Pole of the
115: overlay along its Prime Meridian to latitude
116: .I lat
117: on the globe.
118: Finally again turn the
119: overlay about its `North Pole' so
120: that its Prime Meridian coincides with the previous position
121: of meridian
122: .IR rot .
123: Project the desired map in
124: the standard form appropriate to the overlay, but presenting
125: information from the underlying globe.
126: Missing arguments are filled out from the list
127: 90, 0, 0.
128: Default orientation is 90, 0,
129: .I m,
130: where
131: .I m
132: is the middle of the longitude range.
133: .TP
134: .BI -w " S N E W"
135: Window the map by the specified latitudes
136: and longitudes in the tilted, rotated coordinate system.
137: Missing arguments are filled out from the list \-90, 90, \-180, 180.
138: (It is wise to give an encompassing
139: .B -l
140: option with
141: .BR -w .
142: Otherwise for small windows computing time
143: varies inversely with area!)
144: .TP
145: .BI -d " n"
146: Alter the density of points
147: by plotting only every
148: .IR n th
149: one.
150: .TP
151: .B -r
152: Reverse left and right side of map,
153: for star charts and inside-out views.
154: .ns
155: .TP
156: .B -s
157: Save the screen, don't erase before drawing.
158: Output made under
159: .B -s
160: must be appended to output of another
161: .I map
162: command.
163: .TP
164: .BI -g " dlat dlon res"
165: Grid spacings are
166: .I dlat,
167: .I dlon
168: (10 degrees by default).
169: Zero spacing means no grid.
170: Missing
171: .I dlat
172: is taken to be zero.
173: Missing
174: .I dlon
175: is taken the same as
176: .IR dlat .
177: Grid lines are drawn to a resolution of
178: .I res
179: (2 degrees or less by default).
180: .TP
181: .BI -p " lat lon extent"
182: Position the point
183: .I lat, lon
184: at the center of the plotting area, and
185: scale so that the height (and width) of the
186: nominal plotting area is
187: .I extent
188: times the size of one degree of latitude
189: at the center.
190: For example, a standard
191: Mercator wall map comes out as if positioned
192: and scaled
193: with
194: .BR "-p 0 0 360" .
195: An
196: .I extent
197: overrides option
198: .BR -k .
199: .TP
200: .BI -c " x y"
201: After all other positioning and scaling operations
202: have been performed, move the center of the map
203: to position
204: .I x, y,
205: where the nominal plotting area is
206: .RI \-1 \(<= x \(<= 1,
207: .RI \-1 \(<= y \(<= 1.
208: .TP
209: .BR -m " [ \fIfile\fP ... ]"
210: Use
211: map data from named files instead of the defaults.
212: If no files are named, omit map data.
213: Names that are not the pathname of real files are looked up in
214: a standard directory, which contains, in addition to the
215: data for
216: .BR -f ,
217: .RS
218: .LP
219: .TF counties
220: .TP
221: .B world
222: World Data Bank I from CIA (the default map)
223: .TP
224: .B states
225: US map from Census Bureau
226: .TP
227: .B counties
228: US map from Census Bureau
229: .PD
230: .RE
231: .IP
232: The environment variables
233: .B MAP
234: and
235: .B MAPDIR
236: change the default
237: map and default directory.
238: .TP
239: .BI -b " \fR[\fPlat lon\fR... ]"
240: Suppress the drawing of the normal boundary
241: (defined by option
242: .BR -l ).
243: Coordinates, if present, define the vertices of a
244: drawn polygon to which the map is clipped.
245: If only two vertices are given, they are taken to be the
246: diagonal of a rectangle.
247: .TP
248: .BI -t " file ..."
249: The following arguments name ASCII files that
250: contain lists of points,
251: given as latitude-longitude pairs in degrees.
252: If the first file is named
253: .LR - ,
254: the standard input is taken instead.
255: The points of each list are plotted as connected `tracks'.
256: .IP
257: Points in a track file may be followed by label strings.
258: A label breaks the track.
259: A label may be prefixed by
260: \f5"\fR,
261: .LR : ,
262: or
263: .L !
264: and is terminated by a newline.
265: An unprefixed string or a string prefixed with
266: .L
267: "
268: is displayed at the designated point.
269: The first word of a
270: .L :
271: or
272: .L !
273: string names a special symbol (see option
274: .BR -y ).
275: An optional numerical second word is a scale factor
276: for the size of the symbol, 1 by default.
277: A
278: .L :
279: symbol is aligned with its top to the north; a
280: .L !
281: symbol is aligned vertically on the page.
282: .TP
283: .BI -u " file ..."
284: Same as
285: .BR -t ,
286: except the tracks are
287: unbroken lines.
288: .RB ( -t
289: tracks appear as dot-dashed lines if the plotting filter supports them.)
290: .TP
291: .BI -y " file
292: The
293: .I file
294: contains
295: .IR plot (5)-style
296: data for
297: .L :
298: or
299: .L !
300: labels in
301: .B -t
302: or
303: .B -u
304: files.
305: Each symbol is defined by a comment
306: .BI : name
307: then a sequence of
308: .L m
309: and
310: .L v
311: commands.
312: Coordinates (0,0) fall on the plotting point.
313: Default scaling is as if the nominal plotting range were
314: .LR "ra -1 -1 1 1" ;
315: .L ra
316: commands in
317: .I file
318: change the scaling.
319: .SH EXAMPLES
320: .TP
321: .L
322: map perspective 1.025 -o 40.75 74
323: A view looking straight down on New York from 100 miles
324: (0.025 earth radius) up.
325: The job can be done faster by limiting the map so as not to `plot'
326: the invisible part of the world:
327: .L
328: map perspective 1.025 -o 40.75 74 -l 20 60 30 100
329: .TP
330: .L
331: map mercator -o 49.25 -106 180
332: An `equatorial' map of the earth
333: centered on New York.
334: The pole of the map is placed 90 degrees away (40.75+49.25=90)
335: on the
336: other side of the earth.
337: A 180-degree twist around the pole of the map arranges that the
338: `Prime Meridian' of the map runs from the pole of the
339: map over the North Pole to New York
340: instead of down the back side of the earth.
341: The same effect can be had from
342: .L
343: map mercator -o 130.75 74
344: .TP
345: .L
346: map albers 28 45 -l 20 50 60 130 -m states
347: A customary curved-latitude map of the United States.
348: .SH FILES
349: .TF /usr1/maps/[1-4]??
350: .TP
351: .F /usr1/maps/[1-4]??
352: World Data Bank II
353: .TP
354: .F /usr1/maps/world
355: World Data Bank I
356: .TP
357: .F /usr1/maps/states
358: DIMECO
359: .TP
360: .F /usr1/maps/counties
361: DIMECO
362: .TP
363: .F /usr/lib/map
364: the program
365: .SH "SEE ALSO"
366: .IR map (5),
367: .IR proj (3),
368: .IR plot (1)
369: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
370: `Map seems to be empty'\(emthe intersection of the
371: limits and the window seems to be null;
372: for very local maps,
373: the grid resolution
374: .I res
375: may have to be refined.
376: .SH BUGS
377: Border lines are drawn only along edges arising from
378: .B -b
379: or
380: .B -l
381: options (including default
382: .BR -l ).
383: No borders appear along edges arising from
384: .B -w
385: or from visibility limits.
386: .br
387: Border lines arising from
388: .B -b
389: cannot be suppressed.
390: .br
391: Segments that cross a border are dropped, not clipped.
392: .br
393: Because `close' messages stop some plotting filters,
394: .I map
395: puts no close message on the standard output.
396: This prevents such filters from stopping early
397: when an overlay follows with option
398: .BR -s .
399: However such filters may not like to see an end of file;
400: if funny things happen at the end of a map, tack on a
401: close message (see
402: .IR plot (5)).
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