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1.1     ! root        1: .TL
        !             2: PREFACE TO THE TENTH EDITION
        !             3: .PP
        !             4: This edition of the 
        !             5: .I "UNIX Programmer's Manual
        !             6: appears on the twentieth
        !             7: anniversary of the original research 
        !             8: system pioneered by
        !             9: Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
        !            10: It is dedicated to the memory of the late Lee McMahon, whose
        !            11: influence pervades the system's approaches
        !            12: to text processing and data networking.
        !            13: .PP
        !            14: As with previous editions, the manual 
        !            15: reports on the system as it exists
        !            16: in its original home department at AT&T Bell Laboratories.
        !            17: Although related to the commercial System V and the academic
        !            18: BSD systems, the research system is just what its title implies.
        !            19: Some of the facilities 
        !            20: have long since graduated from the lab into international
        !            21: commerce; others are experiments in progress.
        !            22: Their appearance here does not constitute an
        !            23: announcement of any official product.
        !            24: .PP
        !            25: Much has happened between the landmark seventh edition
        !            26: of 1979, the last edition to be published as trade book,
        !            27: and today.
        !            28: The magnitude of the changes may perhaps be most
        !            29: visible in the papers gathered in Volume 2,
        !            30: more than half of which are completely new.
        !            31: Even `old stuff' has been substantially updated.
        !            32: For example, Volume 2 gives more up-to-date information
        !            33: about the popular
        !            34: .I troff
        !            35: family of typesetting software than does any other published work.
        !            36: .PP
        !            37: Careful examination of Volume 1 will also show
        !            38: enormous changes since the seventh edition.
        !            39: The distinctive theme is distributed computing.
        !            40: Ritchie's coroutine `stream' input/output and the
        !            41: Datakit\(rg virtual circuit switch realization by
        !            42: Lee McMahon and Bill Marshall provide the basis for 
        !            43: networking.
        !            44: Peter Weinberger's network file system makes it painless.
        !            45: Rob Pike's software for windowed bitmap terminals extends
        !            46: the system right out to your fingertips, giving
        !            47: a multiplexed interface to an already multiplexed system.
        !            48: Dave Presotto's communication software brings
        !            49: harmony to the Babel of real-world communications.
        !            50: Norman Wilson's battles with entropy have made
        !            51: the tenth edition system trimmer
        !            52: than its less capable predecessors.
        !            53: .PP
        !            54: Besides the facilities just listed,
        !            55: the manual describes dozens of completely new programs
        !            56: in areas ranging from protocol verification to optical
        !            57: character recognition.
        !            58: Practically every page has been improved in
        !            59: wording if not in function.
        !            60: Instructive examples, often chosen to suggest nonobvious
        !            61: uses of the system, have been added.
        !            62: Sections 4, 5, and 8 have been expanded to
        !            63: provide more inside wisdom about the system.
        !            64: .PP
        !            65: Over the course of years dozens of people at 
        !            66: Bell Laboratories have contributed
        !            67: to the software here described.
        !            68: Their work, acknowledged in previous editions, is their
        !            69: monument.
        !            70: Acknowledgement is also made to the Regents of the
        !            71: University of California for certain portions that
        !            72: descend from work in the Department of
        !            73: Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at
        !            74: Berkeley.
        !            75: Active contributors to this edition include, besides
        !            76: those already mentioned,
        !            77: H. S. Baird,
        !            78: J. L. Bentley,
        !            79: S. A. Browning,
        !            80: L. L. Cherry,
        !            81: W. R. Cheswick,
        !            82: M. A. Derr,
        !            83: T. D. S. Duff,
        !            84: C. W. Fraser,
        !            85: D. M. Gay,
        !            86: P. Glick,
        !            87: F. T. Grampp,
        !            88: E. H. Grosse,
        !            89: D. R. Hanson,
        !            90: G. J. Holzmann,
        !            91: A. G. Hume,
        !            92: B. W. Kernighan,
        !            93: T. Killian,
        !            94: A. R. Koenig,
        !            95: T. J. Kowalski,
        !            96: W. T. Marshall,
        !            97: M. D. McIlroy,
        !            98: S. C. North,
        !            99: S. Peeters,
        !           100: R. Pike,
        !           101: S. A. Rago,
        !           102: J. A. Reeds,
        !           103: R. Sethi,
        !           104: B. Stroustrup,
        !           105: H. W. Trickey
        !           106: and others.
        !           107: Their computing activities have been made possible by the smoothly running
        !           108: machines and Datakit networks managed by P. Glick,
        !           109: F. T. Grampp, W. T. Marshall, and E. J. Sitar.
        !           110: E. H. Carter consulted on book production.
        !           111: .sp 2
        !           112: .in 4.5i
        !           113: A. G. Hume
        !           114: .br
        !           115: M. D. McIlroy
        !           116: .br
        !           117: October, 1989
        !           118: .in 0

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