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1.1 ! root 1: .yy "Commands and Data Files" ! 2: .xx "Shell and Shell Scripts" ! 3: =, ==, =p, ==p \- redo previous shell command =(1) ! 4: apply, pick \- repeatedly apply a command; select arguments apply(1) ! 5: basename, dirname \- strip filename affixes basename(1) ! 6: echo, printf \- print arguments echo(1) ! 7: expr \- evaluate arguments as an expression expr(1) ! 8: printenv \- print environment printenv(1) ! 9: rc, cd, wait, whatis \- command language rc(1) ! 10: sh, cd, wait, whatis \- shell, the standard command programming language sh(1) ! 11: tee \- pipe fitting tee(1) ! 12: test, [, newer \- condition commands test(1) ! 13: tr \- translate characters tr(1) ! 14: true, false \- provide truth values true(1) ! 15: .xx "Manipulating Directories" ! 16: chmod \- change mode chmod(1) ! 17: dir \- format of directories dir(5) ! 18: dired \- directory editor dired(1) ! 19: find \- find files find(1) ! 20: idiff \(mi interactive file comparison idiff(1) ! 21: ls, lc \(mi list contents of directory ls(1) ! 22: mkdir \(mi make a directory mkdir(1) ! 23: pwd, where \(mi machine name and working directory pwd(1) ! 24: rc, cd, wait, whatis \- command language rc(1) ! 25: rm \- remove (unlink) files rm(1) ! 26: sh, cd, wait, whatis \- shell, the standard command programming language sh(1) ! 27: touch, chdate \- set modification or access date of a file chdate(1) ! 28: worm \- format of worm disks worm(5) ! 29: .xx "Manipulating Files" ! 30: awk \- pattern-directed scanning and processing language awk(1) ! 31: cat \- catenate and print cat(1) ! 32: cbt \- btree utilities cbt(1) ! 33: chmod \- change mode chmod(1) ! 34: cmp \- compare two files cmp(1) ! 35: col, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, mc, fold, expand \- column alignment column(1) ! 36: comm \- select or reject lines common to two sorted files comm(1) ! 37: cp, mv, ln, reccp \- copy, move, or link files cp(1) ! 38: crypt, encrypt, decrypt \- encode/decode crypt(1) ! 39: cut, paste \- rearrange columns of data cut(1) ! 40: dd, dblbuf \- convert and copy a file dd(1) ! 41: diff, diff3 \- differential file comparison diff(1) ! 42: file \(mi determine file type file(1) ! 43: find \- find files find(1) ! 44: gre, grep, egrep, fgrep \(mi search a file for a pattern gre(1) ! 45: idiff \(mi interactive file comparison idiff(1) ! 46: join \(mi relational database operator join(1) ! 47: look \(mi find lines in a sorted list look(1) ! 48: ls, lc \(mi list contents of directory ls(1) ! 49: pack, unpack, pcat, compress, uncompress, zcat \(mi compress and expand files pack(1) ! 50: pr \(mi print file pr(1) ! 51: random, fortune \- sample lines from a file, return cookies random(1) ! 52: rc, cd, wait, whatis \- command language rc(1) ! 53: rev, revpag \- reverse lines or pages rev(1) ! 54: rm \- remove (unlink) files rm(1) ! 55: sed \- stream editor sed(1) ! 56: sh, cd, wait, whatis \- shell, the standard command programming language sh(1) ! 57: sort \- sort and/or merge files sort(1) ! 58: split, fsplit \- split a file into pieces split(1) ! 59: strings \- find printable strings in a file strings(1) ! 60: sum, treesum \- sum and count blocks in a file sum(1) ! 61: tail, readslow \- deliver the last part of a file tail(1) ! 62: touch, chdate \- set modification or access date of a file chdate(1) ! 63: tsort \- topological sort tsort(1) ! 64: uniq \- report repeated lines in a file uniq(1) ! 65: vis \- show invisible characters vis(1) ! 66: wc \- word count wc(1) ! 67: xd, od \(mi hex, octal, decimal, or ASCII dump xd(1) ! 68: .xx "Privacy and Security" ! 69: chmod \- change mode chmod(1) ! 70: chown \- change owner or group chown(8) ! 71: crypt, encrypt, decrypt \- encode/decode crypt(1) ! 72: getty \- set terminal mode getty(8) ! 73: getuid, id \(mi get user identity getuid(1) ! 74: init \- process control initialization init(8) ! 75: newgrp \(mi change to a new group newgrp(1) ! 76: passwd \(mi change login password passwd(1) ! 77: passwd, group \- password and group files passwd(5) ! 78: su, setlog \- substitute userid temporarily, become super-user su(8) ! 79: .xx "Editors" ! 80: ed, e \- text editor ed(1) ! 81: ex, edit, vi \- text editor vi(1) ! 82: graphdraw graphpic \- edit (combinatoric) graphs, convert to pic files graphdraw(9) ! 83: icon \- icon editor icon(9) ! 84: jf \- font editor jf(9) ! 85: ped, tped \- picture editor ped(9) ! 86: pico \(mi graphics editor pico(1) ! 87: rebecca \- graphics touch-up editor rebecca(9) ! 88: sam \- screen editor with structural regular expressions sam(9) ! 89: sed \- stream editor sed(1) ! 90: .xx "Programming \- In C" ! 91: 11as, 11cc, 11ld, 11nm, 11ranlib, 11reloc, 11size, 11strip \- pdp11 support 11(8) ! 92: 3cc, 3as, 3ar, 3ld, 3nm, 3size, 3strip, cprs \- MAC-32 C compiler 3cc(9) ! 93: CC, cfront \- C++ compiler c++(1) ! 94: cb \- C program beautifier cb(1) ! 95: cc, lcc \- C compilers cc(1) ! 96: cin \- C interpreter cin(1) ! 97: cpp \- C language preprocessor cpp(8) ! 98: lint, cyntax, cem \- C program verifiers lint(1) ! 99: m4 \(mi macro processor m4(1) ! 100: make \(mi maintain collections of programs make(1) ! 101: mk, mkconv, membername \- maintain (make) related files mk(1) ! 102: .xx "Programming \- In Other Languages" ! 103: .ne 2 ! 104: altran, cospan, esterel, icon, lisp, macsyma, maple, ops5, pascal, ratfor, S, smp, sno, spitbol, langs(1) ! 105: .ti .5i ! 106: struct, twig \- languages ! 107: as \- assembler as(1) ! 108: awk \- pattern-directed scanning and processing language awk(1) ! 109: f2c \(mi convert Fortran 77 to C f2c(1) ! 110: f77 \(mi Fortran 77 compiler f77(1) ! 111: lex \(mi generator of lexical analysis programs lex(1) ! 112: make \(mi maintain collections of programs make(1) ! 113: mk, mkconv, membername \- maintain (make) related files mk(1) ! 114: sml \(mi Standard ML compiler sml(1) ! 115: snocone \- snobol with syntactic sugar snocone(1) ! 116: yacc, eyacc \- yet another compiler-compiler yacc(1) ! 117: .xx "Programming \- Libraries and Object Files" ! 118: 32ld \- bootstrap loader for 5620 32ld(9) ! 119: a.out \- object file format a.out(5) ! 120: ar \- archive (library) file format ar(5) ! 121: ar, ranlib \- archive and library maintainer ar(1) ! 122: ld \(mi link editor or loader ld(1) ! 123: libc \- standard library functions libc(9) ! 124: lorder \(mi find ordering relation for an object library lorder(1) ! 125: nm \(mi name list (symbol table) nm(1) ! 126: size \- size of an object file size(1) ! 127: stab \- symbol table types stab(5) ! 128: strip \- remove symbols and relocation bits strip(1) ! 129: .xx "Programming \- Debugging and Tuning" ! 130: adb \- debugger adb(1) ! 131: bigcore, coreid \- permit big core images, identify source of image bigcore(1) ! 132: core \- format of memory image file core(5) ! 133: hang \(mi start a process in stopped state hang(1) ! 134: lcomp, lprint \(mi line-by-line profiler lcomp(1) ! 135: pi, 3pi \- process inspector pi(9) ! 136: prof \(mi display profile data prof(1) ! 137: time \- time a command time(1) ! 138: .xx "Writing Papers \- Troff and Troff Preprocessors" ! 139: cip \- draw pictures for typesetting cip(9) ! 140: dag \- preprocessor for drawing directed graphs dag(1) ! 141: doctype \- guess command line for formatting a document doctype(1) ! 142: eqn, neqn, checkeq \- typeset mathematics eqn(1) ! 143: eqnchar \- special character definitions for eqn eqnchar(6) ! 144: font \- typesetter fonts font(6) ! 145: grap \(mi pic preprocessor for drawing graphs grap(1) ! 146: ideal \(mi troff preprocessor for drawing pictures ideal(1) ! 147: make \(mi maintain collections of programs make(1) ! 148: mbits \- macros to typeset bitmaps mbits(6) ! 149: mcs \- macros for formatting cover sheets mcs(6) ! 150: mk, mkconv, membername \- maintain (make) related files mk(1) ! 151: movie, stills \- algorithm animation movie(9) ! 152: mpictures \- picture inclusion macros mpictures(6) ! 153: mpm \- macros for page makeup mpm(6) ! 154: ms \- macros for formatting manuscripts ms(6) ! 155: ped, tped \- picture editor ped(9) ! 156: pic, tpic \(mi troff and tex preprocessors for drawing pictures pic(1) ! 157: prefer, pinvert, penter, plook, pconvert \- maintain and use bibliographic references prefer(1) ! 158: refer, lookbib, pubindex \- maintain and use bibliographic references refer(1) ! 159: tbl \- format tables for nroff or troff tbl(1) ! 160: troff, nroff \- text formatting and typesetting troff(1) ! 161: .xx "Writing Papers \- Other Formatters" ! 162: fmt \(mi ultra-simple text formatter fmt(1) ! 163: latex, bibtex \- tex macro package and bibliographies latex(6) ! 164: monk, monksample \- typeset documents and letters monk(1) ! 165: tex, initex, virtex, dvips, dvit \- text formatting and typesetting tex(1) ! 166: .xx "Writing Papers \- Writing Aids" ! 167: deroff, demonk, detex, delatex \- remove formatting requests deroff(1) ! 168: docgen \- generate a document from a script docgen(1) ! 169: ptx \- permuted index ptx(1) ! 170: spell \- find spelling errors spell(1) ! 171: wc \- word count wc(1) ! 172: wwb, style, diction, punct \- writer's workbench wwb(1) ! 173: .xx "Writing Papers \- Output" ! 174: apsend \- send troff output to phototypesetter apsend(1) ! 175: cb \- C program beautifier cb(1) ! 176: col, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, mc, fold, expand \- column alignment column(1) ! 177: docsubmit \- send document to library docsubmit(1) ! 178: font \- description files for troff font(5) ! 179: font \- typesetter fonts font(6) ! 180: lp \- printer output lp(1) ! 181: proof \- troff output interpreter for 5620 proof(9) ! 182: psi \- postscript interpreter psi(9) ! 183: reader \- electronic retrieval of typeset documents reader(9) ! 184: rev, revpag \- reverse lines or pages rev(1) ! 185: sendcover \- send cover sheet to the library sendcover(8) ! 186: .xx "Numerical Mathematics" ! 187: bc \- arbitrary-precision arithmetic language bc(1) ! 188: dc \- desk calculator dc(1) ! 189: factor, qfactor, primes \(mi factor a number, generate large primes factor(1) ! 190: grap \(mi pic preprocessor for drawing graphs grap(1) ! 191: graph \- draw a graph graph(1) ! 192: hoc \(mi interactive floating point language hoc(1) ! 193: matlab \(mi interactive matrix desk calculator matlab(1) ! 194: seq \- print sequences of numbers seq(1) ! 195: .xx "Graphics" ! 196: 2500 \- BVH2500 videotape recorder 2500(1) ! 197: bcp \(mi reformat black-and-white picture files bcp(1) ! 198: cip \- draw pictures for typesetting cip(9) ! 199: dag \- preprocessor for drawing directed graphs dag(1) ! 200: face, mugs \- show faces, make face icons from pictures face(9) ! 201: grap \(mi pic preprocessor for drawing graphs grap(1) ! 202: graph \- draw a graph graph(1) ! 203: graphdraw graphpic \- edit (combinatoric) graphs, convert to pic files graphdraw(9) ! 204: icon \- icon editor icon(9) ! 205: ideal \(mi troff preprocessor for drawing pictures ideal(1) ! 206: imscan \(mi scan greyscale images imscan(1) ! 207: jf \- font editor jf(9) ! 208: map \- digitized map formats map(5) ! 209: movie, stills \- algorithm animation movie(9) ! 210: ocr \- optical character recognition ocr(1) ! 211: ped, tped \- picture editor ped(9) ! 212: pic, tpic \(mi troff and tex preprocessors for drawing pictures pic(1) ! 213: picfile \- raster graphic image format picfile(5) ! 214: pico \(mi graphics editor pico(1) ! 215: plot \(mi graphics filters plot(1) ! 216: plot \- graphics interface plot(5) ! 217: qsnap \(mi high resolution digital film printer qsnap(1) ! 218: rebecca \- graphics touch-up editor rebecca(9) ! 219: view2d \- movie of a function f(x, y, t) view2d(5) ! 220: view2d, regrid, vdata \- movie of a function f(x, y, t) view2d(1) ! 221: .xx "Communication - Terminals" ! 222: flicks, fflicks, preflicks, 2mux \- movie graphics for 5620 flicks(9) ! 223: getfont \- replace terminal's default font getfont(9) ! 224: jx \- 5620 execution and stdio interpreter jx(9) ! 225: lens \- bitmap magnifier lens(9) ! 226: mouse \- jerq mouse user interface mouse(9) ! 227: movies \- graphics movie file formats flickfile(9) ! 228: mux, ismux, invert \- layer multiplexer for 5620 mux(9) ! 229: p, pg, more \(mi paginate p(1) ! 230: passwd \(mi change login password passwd(1) ! 231: ruler \- measure things on the screen ruler(9) ! 232: stty \- set terminal options stty(1) ! 233: tabs \- set terminal tabs tabs(1) ! 234: term \- nonstandard mux terminals term(9) ! 235: terminals \- conventional names term(6) ! 236: tty, logtty \- get terminal name tty(1) ! 237: ttys \- terminal initialization data ttys(5) ! 238: ul \- print underlines on screen terminals ul(1) ! 239: windows, jps, reshape \- create and initialize windows windows(9) ! 240: write, mesg \- write to other users, allow or forbid messages write(1) ! 241: .xx "Communication \- Other Devices" ! 242: 2500 \- BVH2500 videotape recorder 2500(1) ! 243: apsend \- send troff output to phototypesetter apsend(1) ! 244: dd, dblbuf \- convert and copy a file dd(1) ! 245: lp \- printer output lp(1) ! 246: null \- data sink null(4) ! 247: plot \(mi graphics filters plot(1) ! 248: tape, mt \- identify and manipulate magnetic tape tape(1) ! 249: tar \- tape archiver tar(1) ! 250: thinkblt, think \- print on thinkjet thinkblt(9) ! 251: .xx "Communication \- Other Users" ! 252: bundle \- collect files for distribution bundle(1) ! 253: checknews, readnews \- read netnews articles readnews(7) ! 254: cpio \- copy file archives in and out cpio(1) ! 255: cpio \- format of cpio archive cpio(5) ! 256: mail \(mi send or receive mail mail(1) ! 257: mail \- mail addresses mail(6) ! 258: news \(mi print news items news(7) ! 259: postnews \(mi submit netnews articles postnews(7) ! 260: vismon, sysmon, vwhois \- system statistics and mail notification vismon(9) ! 261: who, whois, last \- who is or was on the system who(1) ! 262: write, mesg \- write to other users, allow or forbid messages write(1) ! 263: .xx "Communication \- Other Machines" ! 264: con, rx \- remote login and execution con(1) ! 265: cu, ct \- call out to a terminal or another system cu(1) ! 266: dcon, ndcon, rlogin, nrx, rsh, scriptcon \- remote login and execution dcon(1) ! 267: dkname \(mi map system name to Datakit address dkname(7) ! 268: mkpkg, inspkg, seal, unseal \- package files for automatic software distribution mkpkg(8) ! 269: push, pull, npush, npull \- datakit remote file copy push(1) ! 270: rcp \- remote file copy rcp(1) ! 271: ship, shipstat \(mi automatic software distribution ship(8) ! 272: smstat \- list smtp queues smstat(8) ! 273: spin \(mi protocol analysis software spin(1) ! 274: uucp, uulog, uuname \- unix-to-unix remote file copy uucp(1) ! 275: uustat \- uucp status inquiry and job control uustat(1) ! 276: uux \- unix to unix command execution uux(1) ! 277: .xx "Process Management" ! 278: getuid, id \(mi get user identity getuid(1) ! 279: hang \(mi start a process in stopped state hang(1) ! 280: kill \(mi terminate a process with extreme prejudice kill(1) ! 281: newgrp \(mi change to a new group newgrp(1) ! 282: nice, nohup \(mi run commands at low priority or immune to hangup nice(1) ! 283: ps \(mi process status ps(1) ! 284: rc, cd, wait, whatis \- command language rc(1) ! 285: sh, cd, wait, whatis \- shell, the standard command programming language sh(1) ! 286: sleep \- suspend execution for an interval sleep(1) ! 287: time \- time a command time(1) ! 288: .xx "Time Management" ! 289: at \(mi execute commands at a later time at(1) ! 290: cal \- print calendar cal(7) ! 291: calendar \- reminder service calendar(1) ! 292: date \- print or set the date date(1) ! 293: time \- time a command time(1) ! 294: wwv \- print or set the date from accurate clock wwv(1) ! 295: .xx "Instruction and Information" ! 296: apnews, ap.keys \- present AP wire stories apnews(7) ! 297: ascii \- interpret ASCII characters ascii(1) ! 298: ascii \- map of ASCII character set ascii(6) ! 299: cal \- print calendar cal(7) ! 300: date \- print or set the date date(1) ! 301: dict \- look up words in English dictionaries dict(7) ! 302: dkname \(mi map system name to Datakit address dkname(7) ! 303: face, mugs \- show faces, make face icons from pictures face(9) ! 304: findauthor, papers, makepaper \- consult database of locally authored papers papers(7) ! 305: games, demo \- some playthings games(1) ! 306: library, bellcat \- bell labs library services library(7) ! 307: man \(mi macros to typeset manual man(6) ! 308: man \(mi print pages of this manual man(1) ! 309: map \- digitized map formats map(5) ! 310: map \- draw maps on various projections map(7) ! 311: netnews \- usenet news articles, utility files netnews(5) ! 312: picfile \- raster graphic image format picfile(5) ! 313: poly \- polyhedron database poly(5) ! 314: polypic, polypr \- database of polyhedra poly(7) ! 315: reader \- electronic retrieval of typeset documents reader(9) ! 316: scat \- sky catalogue scat(7) ! 317: sky \- astronomical ephemeris sky(7) ! 318: tel, telno, dq \- phone books tel(7) ! 319: town \- gazetteer of US places town(7) ! 320: units \- conversion program units(7) ! 321: weather \- conditions and forecast by town weather(7) ! 322: whoami \- computer name whoami(5) ! 323: .xx "Miscellany" ! 324: crypt, encrypt, decrypt \- encode/decode crypt(1) ! 325: cscan \- scan documents on canon scanner cscan(1) ! 326: games, demo \- some playthings games(1) ! 327: lab \(mi label maker lab(1) ! 328: .xx "System Administration \- Not just for su" ! 329: backup \- backup and recover files backup(1) ! 330: backup \- incremental backup files backup(5) ! 331: du, df \- disk usage du(1) ! 332: kill \(mi terminate a process with extreme prejudice kill(1) ! 333: load \(mi load statistics load(1) ! 334: passwd \(mi change login password passwd(1) ! 335: ps \(mi process status ps(1) ! 336: pstat \- print system facts pstat(8) ! 337: quot, findo \- file system usage and hogs quot(8) ! 338: upas, rmail, translate \- mail delivery system upas(8) ! 339: utmp, wtmp \- login records utmp(5) ! 340: vismon, sysmon, vwhois \- system statistics and mail notification vismon(9) ! 341: vmstat \- report virtual memory statistics vmstat(8) ! 342: who, whois, last \- who is or was on the system who(1) ! 343: wwv \- print or set the date from accurate clock wwv(1) ! 344: .xx "System Administration \- su Only" ! 345: ac \- login accounting ac(8) ! 346: acct \- execution accounting file acct(5) ! 347: arff \- read RT11 files arff(8) ! 348: backup \- backup client administration backup(8) ! 349: chown \- change owner or group chown(8) ! 350: chuck \- a file system checking program chuck(8) ! 351: clri \- clear inode clri(8) ! 352: console \- VAX console interface console(4) ! 353: date \- print or set the date date(1) ! 354: dmesg \- system diagnostic messages dmesg(8) ! 355: fsck \- file system consistency check and interactive repair fsck(8) ! 356: icheck, dcheck, ncheck \- file system consistency check icheck(8) ! 357: kmc, kdiload, kmcdump \- control KMC11 input/output processors kmc(8) ! 358: makekey \- generate encryption key makekey(8) ! 359: mkfs, mkbitfs, mklost+found \- construct a disk file system mkfs(8) ! 360: mknod \- construct special file mknod(8) ! 361: mount, umount \- mount and dismount file system mount(8) ! 362: netfs \- network file system netfs(8) ! 363: netstat, dkstat \- show network status for internet and datakit networks netstat(8) ! 364: passwd, group \- password and group files passwd(5) ! 365: rarepl, rarct \- replace bad blocks on MSCP disks rarepl(8) ! 366: renice \- change priority of running process renice(8) ! 367: sa, accton \- system accounting sa(8) ! 368: scsish \- SCSI shell scsish(8) ! 369: ship, shipstat \(mi automatic software distribution ship(8) ! 370: showq \- status of stream input/output system showq(8) ! 371: smash \- rewrite bad disk sectors smash(8) ! 372: su, setlog \- substitute userid temporarily, become super-user su(8) ! 373: sync, update \- update disk file systems sync(8) ! 374: wall \- write to all users wall(8) ! 375: worm, jukebox \- optical disk utilities worm(8) ! 376: .xx "System Administration - Usually or Always Run Automatically" ! 377: asd \- automatic software distribution asd(8) ! 378: cron \- clock daemon cron(8) ! 379: dkhup, dkmgr, dkzap \- manage Datakit interface dkmgr(8) ! 380: dpost, postdaisy, postdmd, postprint \- filters to produce postscript postscript(8) ! 381: faced \- network face server faced(9) ! 382: getty \- set terminal mode getty(8) ! 383: init \- process control initialization init(8) ! 384: ipconfig, dkipconfig, udpconfig \- set up DARPA Internet protocols ipconfig(8) ! 385: ldpcs \- load comet microcode ldpcs(8) ! 386: login \- sign on login(8) ! 387: ns \- name server database ns(8) ! 388: postio \- serial interface for postscript printers postio(8) ! 389: qns \- query name server qns(7) ! 390: rc \- boot script rc(8) ! 391: reboot \- bootstrapping procedures reboot(8) ! 392: route, routed \- IP gateway routing route(8) ! 393: savecore \- save a core image of the operating system savecore(8) ! 394: smtp, smtpqer, smtpd, smtpsched \- handle simple mail transfer protocol smtp(8) ! 395: svcmgr \- service remote computing requests svcmgr(8) ! 396: swapon \- specify swapping device swapon(8) ! 397: tcpmgr \- accept and place calls via the TCP protocol tcpmgr(8) ! 398: upas, rmail, translate \- mail delivery system upas(8) ! 399: uucico, uusched, uuxqt, kick, debug \- uucp file transport and execution uucico(8) ! 400: uucleanup \- uucp spool directory clean-up uucleanup(8) ! 401: .yy "Functions, Subroutines and Data Structures" ! 402: .xx "Directory Functions" ! 403: access \(mi determine accessibility of file access(2) ! 404: chdir, chroot \(mi change working or root directory chdir(2) ! 405: chmod, fchmod, chown, fchown, utime \(mi change file mode, owner, group, or times chmod(2) ! 406: dirread \(mi read from directory, hiding format dirread(2) ! 407: ftw \- file tree walk ftw(3) ! 408: getwd, getcwd \(mi get current directory getwd(3) ! 409: mkdir, rmdir \(mi make or remove a directory mkdir(2) ! 410: opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, closedir \(mi directory operations directory(3) ! 411: .xx "File Inquiry/Create Functions" ! 412: access \(mi determine accessibility of file access(2) ! 413: chmod, fchmod, chown, fchown, utime \(mi change file mode, owner, group, or times chmod(2) ! 414: feof, ferror, clearerr, fileno \(mi stream status inquiries ferror(3) ! 415: ioctl \(mi miscellaneous control operations ioctl(2) ! 416: link, symlink, readlink \(mi link to a file link(2) ! 417: mktemp, tmpnam \(mi make a unique file name mktemp(3) ! 418: stat, lstat, fstat \(mi get file status stat(2) ! 419: umask \(mi set file creation mode mask umask(2) ! 420: unlink \(mi remove directory entry unlink(2) ! 421: .xx "File Open/Read/Write Functions" ! 422: .ne 2 ! 423: Finit, Frdline, Fgetc, Fread, Fseek, Fundo,Fputc, Fprint, Fwrite, Fflush, Ftie, Fclose, Fexit fio(3) ! 424: .ti .5i ! 425: \(mi fast buffered input/output ! 426: dirread \(mi read from directory, hiding format dirread(2) ! 427: dup, dup2 \(mi duplicate an open file descriptor dup(2) ! 428: fd, stdin, stdout, stderr, tty \- file descriptor files fd(4) ! 429: feof, ferror, clearerr, fileno \(mi stream status inquiries ferror(3) ! 430: fgets, puts, fputs, gets \(mi string input/out on streams fgets(3) ! 431: fopen, freopen, fdopen, fclose, fflush \(mi open, close, or flush a stream fopen(3) ! 432: fread, fwrite \(mi buffered binary input/output fread(3) ! 433: fseek, ftell, rewind \(mi reposition a stream fseek(3) ! 434: .ne 2 ! 435: getc, getchar, fgetc, getw, putc, putchar, fputc, putw getc(3) ! 436: .ti .5i ! 437: \(mi character- or word-at-a-time stream input/output ! 438: ioctl \(mi miscellaneous control operations ioctl(2) ! 439: lseek \(mi seek, move read/write pointer lseek(2) ! 440: open, creat, close \(mi open a file for reading or writing, create file open(2) ! 441: print, fprint, sprint, fmtinstall \(mi print formatted output print(3) ! 442: printf, fprintf, sprintf, snprintf \(mi print formatted output printf(3) ! 443: read, write \(mi read or write file read(2) ! 444: scanf, fscanf, sscanf \(mi formatted input scanf(3) ! 445: select \(mi synchronous input/output multiplexing select(2) ! 446: setbuf \(mi assign buffering to a stream setbuf(3) ! 447: stdio \(mi standard buffered input/output package stdio(3) ! 448: thinkchar, thinknchars, thinkflush, thinkmap, thinkabort \- ThinkJet routines thinkclient(9) ! 449: ungetc \(mi push character back into input stream ungetc(3) ! 450: .xx "Privacy and Security" ! 451: access \(mi determine accessibility of file access(2) ! 452: chmod, fchmod, chown, fchown, utime \(mi change file mode, owner, group, or times chmod(2) ! 453: getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent \(mi get group file entry getgrent(3) ! 454: getlogin \(mi get login name getlogin(3) ! 455: getpass \(mi read a password getpass(3) ! 456: getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, pwdecode \(mi get password file entry getpwent(3) ! 457: .ne 2 ! 458: getuid, getgid, geteuid, getegid, getlogname, getpid, getppid, getpgrp, setuid, setgid, setruid, getuid(2) ! 459: .ti .5i ! 460: setlogname, setpgrp \(mi get or set user, group, or process identity ! 461: .xx "Manipulating Processes \- Time Management" ! 462: _exit, wait wait3 \(mi terminate process, wait for child to terminate exit(2) ! 463: alarm, nap, pause \(mi schedule timing delays alarm(2) ! 464: ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone \(mi convert date and time to ASCII ctime(3) ! 465: nice \(mi set program priority nice(2) ! 466: .ne 2 ! 467: request, own, wait, alarm, sleep, nap, kbdchar, rcvchar, realtime, sendchar, sendnchars, kill, exit request(9) ! 468: .ti .5i ! 469: \- 5620 input/output requests ! 470: sleep \(mi suspend execution for an interval sleep(3) ! 471: time, ftime \(mi get date and time time(2) ! 472: timec, timegm, timelocal \- convert ASCII to time timec(3) ! 473: times \(mi get process times times(2) ! 474: vtimes \- get usage of time, space, and paging resources vtimes(2) ! 475: .xx "Manipulating Processes \- Memory Management" ! 476: alloc, free, balloc, bfree, gcalloc, gcfree \- allocate memory alloc(9) ! 477: brk, sbrk \(mi change core allocation brk(2) ! 478: end, etext, edata \(mi last locations in program end(3) ! 479: galloc, gfree, garbage \(mi storage allocation with garbage collection galloc(3) ! 480: malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree \- memory allocator malloc(3) ! 481: memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset \(mi memory operations memory(3) ! 482: .xx "Manipulating Processes \- Process Management" ! 483: .ne 2 ! 484: P, newproc, muxnewwind, newwindow, tolayer, debug, getproc, getproctab, putname, getname newproc(9) ! 485: .ti .5i ! 486: \- jerq process control ! 487: _exit, wait wait3 \(mi terminate process, wait for child to terminate exit(2) ! 488: abort \- generate a fault abort(3) ! 489: environ \- user environment environ(5) ! 490: execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, exect \(mi execute a file exec(2) ! 491: exit, onexit \(mi terminate process exit(3) ! 492: fork \(mi spawn new process fork(2) ! 493: .ne 2 ! 494: getuid, getgid, geteuid, getegid, getlogname, getpid, getppid, getpgrp, setuid, setgid, setruid, getuid(2) ! 495: .ti .5i ! 496: setlogname, setpgrp \(mi get or set user, group, or process identity ! 497: perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr \(mi system error messages perror(3) ! 498: proc \- process file system proc(4) ! 499: .ne 2 ! 500: request, own, wait, alarm, sleep, nap, kbdchar, rcvchar, realtime, sendchar, sendnchars, kill, exit request(9) ! 501: .ti .5i ! 502: \- 5620 input/output requests ! 503: setjmp, longjmp \(mi non-local goto setjmp(3) ! 504: signal, kill \(mi receive and send signals signal(2) ! 505: system \(mi issue a shell command system(3) ! 506: .xx "Manipulating Processes \- Tuning and Debugging" ! 507: assert \(mi assertion checking assert(3) ! 508: monitor \(mi prepare execution profile monitor(3) ! 509: nlist \(mi get entries from name list nlist(3) ! 510: perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr \(mi system error messages perror(3) ! 511: profil \(mi execution time profile profil(2) ! 512: .xx "Data Manipulation/Database Management" ! 513: atof, atoi, atol, strtod, strtol, strtoul \(mi convert ASCII to numbers atof(3) ! 514: bopen, bclose, bseek, bfirst, bkey, breclen, bread,bdelete, bwrite \(mi compressed B-tree subroutines cbt(3) ! 515: crypt, setkey, encrypt \(mi DES encryption crypt(3) ! 516: ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone \(mi convert date and time to ASCII ctime(3) ! 517: dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey \(mi database subroutines dbm(3) ! 518: ecvt, fcvt, gcvt \- convert numbers to ascii ecvt(3) ! 519: frexp, ldexp, modf \(mi split into mantissa and exponent frexp(3) ! 520: getarg, iargc \(mi command arguments to Fortran getarg(3) ! 521: getenv \(mi value for environment name getenv(3) ! 522: getfields, getmfields, setfields \(mi break a string into fields getfields(3) ! 523: getflags \(mi process flag arguments in argv getflags(3) ! 524: getopt \(mi get option letter from argv getopt(3) ! 525: huff \(mi huffman codebook/tree generator huff(3) ! 526: .ne 2 ! 527: isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, ctype(3) ! 528: .ti .5i ! 529: iscntrl, isascii \(mi character classification ! 530: l3tol, ltol3 \(mi convert between 3-byte integers and long integers l3tol(3) ! 531: qsort \(mi quicker sort qsort(3) ! 532: re_bm, re_cw, re_re \(mi string and pattern matching re(3) ! 533: regcomp, regexec, regsub, regerror \(mi regular expression regexp(3) ! 534: scanf, fscanf, sscanf \(mi formatted input scanf(3) ! 535: .ne 2 ! 536: strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen,strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, string(3) ! 537: .ti .5i ! 538: strcspn, strtok, strdup \(mi string operations ! 539: swab \(mi swap bytes swab(3) ! 540: timec, timegm, timelocal \- convert ASCII to time timec(3) ! 541: tolower, toupper \(mi force upper or lower case tolower(3) ! 542: types \- primitive system data types types(5) ! 543: varargs \(mi variable argument list varargs(3) ! 544: .xx "C++ Data Types" ! 545: Map \- associative array classes map(3) ! 546: bits \- variable length bit strings bits(3) ! 547: block \- adjustable arrays block(3) ! 548: pool \- fast memory allocation pool(3) ! 549: .xx "Mathematics" ! 550: .ne 2 ! 551: abs, sgn, gcd, lcm, min, max, labs \(mi integer arithmetic functions:absolute value, sign, arith(3) ! 552: .ti .5i ! 553: greatest common divisor, least common multiple, minimum, maximum ! 554: .ne 2 ! 555: add, sub, mul, div, eqpt, eqrect, inset, muldiv, ptinrect, raddp, rsubp, rectXrect, rectclip add(9) ! 556: .ti .5i ! 557: \- arithmetic on points and rectangles ! 558: atof, atoi, atol, strtod, strtol, strtoul \(mi convert ASCII to numbers atof(3) ! 559: besj0, besj1, besjn, besy0, besy1, besyn \(mi bessel functions bessel(3) ! 560: cos, sin, atan2, sqrt, norm \- integer math functions cos(9) ! 561: erf, erfc \(mi error function erf(3) ! 562: exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt \(mi exponential, logarithm, power, square root exp(3) ! 563: fabs, fmod, floor, ceil \(mi absolute value, remainder, floor, ceiling functions floor(3) ! 564: frexp, ldexp, modf \(mi split into mantissa and exponent frexp(3) ! 565: gamma \(mi log gamma function gamma(3) ! 566: hypot, cabs \(mi euclidean distance hypot(3) ! 567: .ne 2 ! 568: itom, mfree, madd, msub, mult, mdiv, sdiv, msqrt, mgcd, min, mout,fmin, fmout, move, mcmp, mp(3) ! 569: .ti .5i ! 570: rpow, mpow \(mi multiple precision integer arithmetic ! 571: orient, normalize \- map projections proj(3) ! 572: poly_lk, poly_read \(mi polyhedron database routines poly(3) ! 573: port \(mi mathematical library for Fortran port(3) ! 574: rand, lrand, frand, nrand, srand \(mi random number generator rand(3) ! 575: sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 \(mi trigonometric functions sin(3) ! 576: sinh, cosh, tanh \(mi hyperbolic functions sinh(3) ! 577: .xx "Graphics" ! 578: Code, addr, bitblt, point, rectf, screenswap, segment, texture \- graphics functions bitblt(9) ! 579: Word, Point, Rectangle, Bitmap, Texture, Pt, Rect, Rpt, display, Drect, Jrect \- graphics data types types(9) ! 580: chrtab \(mi simple character bitmaps chrtab(3) ! 581: circle, disc, arc, ellipse, eldisc, elarc \- circle-drawing functions circle(9) ! 582: orient, normalize \- map projections proj(3) ! 583: poly_lk, poly_read \(mi polyhedron database routines poly(3) ! 584: view2d, moviefil \(mi movie of a function f(x, y, t) view2d(3) ! 585: .xx "Communication \- Terminals" ! 586: button123, mouse, cursallow, cursinhibit, cursset, cursswitch, getrect123 \- mouse control button(9) ! 587: curses \(mi screen functions with `optimal' cursor motion curses(3) ! 588: font \- jerq font layouts font(9) ! 589: jioctl \- mux ioctl requests jioctl(9) ! 590: menuhit, hmenuhit \- present user with menu and get selection menuhit(9) ! 591: .ne 2 ! 592: newlayer, dellayer, downback, lbitblt, lpoint, lrectf, lsegment, ltexture, upfront newlayer(9) ! 593: .ti .5i ! 594: \- layer control and graphics ! 595: pads \- user interface package pads(9) ! 596: .ne 2 ! 597: request, own, wait, alarm, sleep, nap, kbdchar, rcvchar, realtime, sendchar, sendnchars, kill, exit request(9) ! 598: .ti .5i ! 599: \- 5620 input/output requests ! 600: string, defont, strwidth, infont, outfont, getfont \- text and font operations string(9) ! 601: strinsure, strinsert, strdelete, strzero, setmuxbuf, getmuxbuf, movstring \- dynamic strings in mux muxstring(9) ! 602: termcap \- terminal capability file termcap(5) ! 603: tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs \(mi device-independent terminal screen control termcap(3) ! 604: tty \- serial line interface drivers tty(4) ! 605: tty_ld \- terminal processing line discipline ttyld(4) ! 606: ttyname, isatty, nametty \(mi find or set name of a terminal ttyname(3) ! 607: vec, move, etc. \(mi plot graphics interface plot(3) ! 608: .xx "Communication \- Between Processes" ! 609: conn_ld \- line discipline for unique stream connection connld(4) ! 610: fmount, funmount \- mount or remove file system fmount(2) ! 611: .ne 2 ! 612: ipccreat, ipcopen, ipclisten, ipcaccept, ipcreject, ipcexec, ipcpath , ipclogin, ipcrogin ipc(3) ! 613: .ti .5i ! 614: \(mi set up connections between processes or machines ! 615: pipe \(mi create an interprocess channel pipe(2) ! 616: popen, ppopen, vepopen, pclose \(mi open a pipe to/from a process popen(3) ! 617: read, write \(mi read or write file read(2) ! 618: select \(mi synchronous input/output multiplexing select(2) ! 619: stream \- communication channels stream(4) ! 620: .xx "Communication \- Outside World" ! 621: buf_ld \- buffering line discipline bufld(4) ! 622: dialout \(mi place call on ACU dialout(3) ! 623: dk, dkp_ld, unixp_ld, cmc_ld \- Datakit interface and protocols dk(4) ! 624: ethernet \(mi Ethernet interface ethernet(4) ! 625: in_host, in_ntoa, in_address, in_service \- internet networking functions internet(3) ! 626: ip, ip_ld \- DARPA internet protocol ip(4) ! 627: mesg_ld, rmesg_ld \- message line discipline modules mesgld(4) ! 628: mt \- magtape interface mt(4) ! 629: tcp_sock, tcp_connect, tcp_listen, tcp_accept, tcp_rcmd \(mi tcp networking functions tcp(3) ! 630: udp_connect, udp_listen, udp_datagram \(mi udp networking functions udp(3) ! 631: .xx "System administration/Only for the Knowledgeable" ! 632: acct \(mi turn accounting on or off acct(2) ! 633: conn_ld \- line discipline for unique stream connection connld(4) ! 634: drum \- paging device drum(4) ! 635: filsys, flblk, ino \- format of a disk file system filsys(5) ! 636: fmount, funmount \- mount or remove file system fmount(2) ! 637: fstab, mtab \- information about file systems fstab(5) ! 638: getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, setfsent, endfsent \(mi get file system description file entry getfsent(3) ! 639: mem, kmem, kUmem, mtpr, fineclock \- memory and VAX processor registers mem(4) ! 640: mknod \(mi make a directory or a special file mknod(2) ! 641: ra \- DEC MSCP disks (RA60, RA80, RA81, RA90) ra(4) ! 642: scsi \- SCSI interface scsi(4) ! 643: stime, biasclock \(mi set time stime(2) ! 644: sync \- force writing of system buffers sync(2) ! 645: types \- primitive system data types types(5) ! 646: uname \- identify machine and kernel uname(3) ! 647: .xx "Miscellany" ! 648: reboot, vadvise, vlimit, vswapon, getgroups,setgroups \(mi system calls to be avoided deprecated(2) ! 649: syscall \(mi indirect system call syscall(2)
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