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Annotation of researchv10dc/man/man3/getc.3, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH GETC 3S
        !             2: .CT 2 file_io
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: getc, getchar, fgetc, getw, putc, putchar, fputc, putw  \(mi character- or word-at-a-time stream input/output
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .2C
        !             7: .nf
        !             8: .B #include <stdio.h>
        !             9: .PP
        !            10: .B int getc(stream)
        !            11: .B FILE *stream;
        !            12: .PP
        !            13: .B int getchar()
        !            14: .PP
        !            15: .B int getw(stream)
        !            16: .B FILE *stream;
        !            17: .PP
        !            18: .B int fgetc(stream)
        !            19: .B FILE *stream;
        !            20: .PP
        !            21: .B int putc(c, stream)
        !            22: .B char c;
        !            23: .B FILE *stream;
        !            24: .PP
        !            25: .B putchar(c)
        !            26: .PP
        !            27: .B putw(w, stream)
        !            28: .B FILE *stream;
        !            29: .PP
        !            30: .B fputc(c, stream)
        !            31: .B FILE *stream;
        !            32: .1C
        !            33: .fi
        !            34: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            35: .I Getc
        !            36: returns the next character from the named input
        !            37: .IR stream .
        !            38: .PP
        !            39: .IR Getchar ()
        !            40: is identical to
        !            41: .IR getc ( stdin ).
        !            42: .PP
        !            43: .I Getw
        !            44: returns the next
        !            45: word (32-bit integer on a VAX) from the named input
        !            46: .IR stream .
        !            47: .I Getw
        !            48: assumes no special alignment in the file.
        !            49: .PP
        !            50: .I Putc
        !            51: appends the character
        !            52: .I c
        !            53: to the named output
        !            54: .IR stream .
        !            55: It returns the character written.
        !            56: .PP
        !            57: .IR Putchar ( c )
        !            58: is identical to
        !            59: .IR putc ( "c, stdout" ).
        !            60: .PP
        !            61: .I Putw
        !            62: appends word
        !            63: (i.e.\&
        !            64: .BR int )
        !            65: .I w
        !            66: to the output
        !            67: .IR stream .
        !            68: It returns the word written.
        !            69: .I Putw
        !            70: neither assumes nor causes special alignment in the file.
        !            71: .PP
        !            72: .I Fgetc
        !            73: and
        !            74: .I fputc
        !            75: behave like
        !            76: .I getc
        !            77: and
        !            78: .I putc,
        !            79: but are genuine functions, not  macros;
        !            80: they may be used to save object text.
        !            81: .PP
        !            82: The standard output stream
        !            83: .B stdout
        !            84: is normally buffered,
        !            85: but is flushed whenever 
        !            86: .IR getc
        !            87: causes a buffer to be refilled from
        !            88: .BR stdin .
        !            89: The standard error stream
        !            90: .B stderr
        !            91: is normally unbuffered.
        !            92: These defaults may be changed by
        !            93: .IR setbuf (3).
        !            94: When an output stream is unbuffered, information appears on the
        !            95: destination file or terminal as soon as written.
        !            96: When an output stream is buffered, many characters are saved up and written as a block.
        !            97: .I Fflush
        !            98: may be used to force the block out early; see
        !            99: .IR fopen (3).
        !           100: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           101: .IR fopen (3),
        !           102: .IR ungetc (3),
        !           103: .IR stdio (3)
        !           104: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !           105: These functions return the integer constant
        !           106: .B EOF
        !           107: at end of file or error.
        !           108: For
        !           109: .I getw
        !           110: or
        !           111: .I putw
        !           112: this indication is ambiguous;
        !           113: .IR  ferror (3)
        !           114: may be used to distinguish.
        !           115: .SH BUGS
        !           116: Because they are implemented as macros,
        !           117: .I getc
        !           118: and
        !           119: .I putc
        !           120: treat
        !           121: .I stream
        !           122: arguments with side effects incorrectly.
        !           123: For example,
        !           124: .B getc(*f++)
        !           125: is wrong.
        !           126: .br
        !           127: The routines in
        !           128: .IR printf (3)
        !           129: provide temporary buffering
        !           130: even when buffering has been turned off.
        !           131: .br
        !           132: Write errors may be delayed until a subsequent
        !           133: .I stdio (3)
        !           134: writing, seeking, or file-closing call.

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