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Annotation of researchv10dc/man/man3/getc.3, revision 1.1.1.1

1.1       root        1: .TH GETC 3S
                      2: .CT 2 file_io
                      3: .SH NAME
                      4: getc, getchar, fgetc, getw, putc, putchar, fputc, putw  \(mi character- or word-at-a-time stream input/output
                      5: .SH SYNOPSIS
                      6: .2C
                      7: .nf
                      8: .B #include <stdio.h>
                      9: .PP
                     10: .B int getc(stream)
                     11: .B FILE *stream;
                     12: .PP
                     13: .B int getchar()
                     14: .PP
                     15: .B int getw(stream)
                     16: .B FILE *stream;
                     17: .PP
                     18: .B int fgetc(stream)
                     19: .B FILE *stream;
                     20: .PP
                     21: .B int putc(c, stream)
                     22: .B char c;
                     23: .B FILE *stream;
                     24: .PP
                     25: .B putchar(c)
                     26: .PP
                     27: .B putw(w, stream)
                     28: .B FILE *stream;
                     29: .PP
                     30: .B fputc(c, stream)
                     31: .B FILE *stream;
                     32: .1C
                     33: .fi
                     34: .SH DESCRIPTION
                     35: .I Getc
                     36: returns the next character from the named input
                     37: .IR stream .
                     38: .PP
                     39: .IR Getchar ()
                     40: is identical to
                     41: .IR getc ( stdin ).
                     42: .PP
                     43: .I Getw
                     44: returns the next
                     45: word (32-bit integer on a VAX) from the named input
                     46: .IR stream .
                     47: .I Getw
                     48: assumes no special alignment in the file.
                     49: .PP
                     50: .I Putc
                     51: appends the character
                     52: .I c
                     53: to the named output
                     54: .IR stream .
                     55: It returns the character written.
                     56: .PP
                     57: .IR Putchar ( c )
                     58: is identical to
                     59: .IR putc ( "c, stdout" ).
                     60: .PP
                     61: .I Putw
                     62: appends word
                     63: (i.e.\&
                     64: .BR int )
                     65: .I w
                     66: to the output
                     67: .IR stream .
                     68: It returns the word written.
                     69: .I Putw
                     70: neither assumes nor causes special alignment in the file.
                     71: .PP
                     72: .I Fgetc
                     73: and
                     74: .I fputc
                     75: behave like
                     76: .I getc
                     77: and
                     78: .I putc,
                     79: but are genuine functions, not  macros;
                     80: they may be used to save object text.
                     81: .PP
                     82: The standard output stream
                     83: .B stdout
                     84: is normally buffered,
                     85: but is flushed whenever 
                     86: .IR getc
                     87: causes a buffer to be refilled from
                     88: .BR stdin .
                     89: The standard error stream
                     90: .B stderr
                     91: is normally unbuffered.
                     92: These defaults may be changed by
                     93: .IR setbuf (3).
                     94: When an output stream is unbuffered, information appears on the
                     95: destination file or terminal as soon as written.
                     96: When an output stream is buffered, many characters are saved up and written as a block.
                     97: .I Fflush
                     98: may be used to force the block out early; see
                     99: .IR fopen (3).
                    100: .SH "SEE ALSO"
                    101: .IR fopen (3),
                    102: .IR ungetc (3),
                    103: .IR stdio (3)
                    104: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
                    105: These functions return the integer constant
                    106: .B EOF
                    107: at end of file or error.
                    108: For
                    109: .I getw
                    110: or
                    111: .I putw
                    112: this indication is ambiguous;
                    113: .IR  ferror (3)
                    114: may be used to distinguish.
                    115: .SH BUGS
                    116: Because they are implemented as macros,
                    117: .I getc
                    118: and
                    119: .I putc
                    120: treat
                    121: .I stream
                    122: arguments with side effects incorrectly.
                    123: For example,
                    124: .B getc(*f++)
                    125: is wrong.
                    126: .br
                    127: The routines in
                    128: .IR printf (3)
                    129: provide temporary buffering
                    130: even when buffering has been turned off.
                    131: .br
                    132: Write errors may be delayed until a subsequent
                    133: .I stdio (3)
                    134: writing, seeking, or file-closing call.

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