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Annotation of researchv10dc/man/man4/ip.4, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH IP 4
        !             2: .CT 2 comm_mach
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: ip, ip_ld \- DARPA internet protocol
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B #include <sys/inio.h>
        !             7: .br
        !             8: .B #include <sys/inet/in.h>
        !             9: .br
        !            10: .B #include <sys/inet/ip_var.h>
        !            11: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            12: .PP
        !            13: The
        !            14: .I ip_ld
        !            15: line discipline and the
        !            16: .F /dev/ip*
        !            17: files together implement the DARPA IP datagram protocol.
        !            18: They are used by
        !            19: the programs described in
        !            20: .IR ipconfig (8)
        !            21: and
        !            22: .IR route (8).
        !            23: .PP
        !            24: Each Ethernet device,
        !            25: Datakit channel,
        !            26: or other stream
        !            27: that is to send and receive IP packets
        !            28: must be registered as an
        !            29: `IP interface'
        !            30: by pushing
        !            31: .I ip_ld
        !            32: and setting local and remote addresses
        !            33: with
        !            34: .I ioctl
        !            35: calls.
        !            36: Thereafter,
        !            37: data received from the network
        !            38: are assumed to be IP packets,
        !            39: and are intercepted by the line discipline.
        !            40: Packets destined for the local address of an active IP interface
        !            41: are routed for reading on one of the
        !            42: .I ip
        !            43: device files.
        !            44: Other packets are routed to the IP interface
        !            45: with a matching remote address
        !            46: and retransmitted.
        !            47: .PP
        !            48: Data written on
        !            49: .I ip
        !            50: devices
        !            51: are taken to be IP packets,
        !            52: are handed to the IP interface
        !            53: with a matching address,
        !            54: and are sent.
        !            55: Packets destined for unreachable places
        !            56: are quietly dropped.
        !            57: .PP
        !            58: A packet consists of a single stream record,
        !            59: followed by a delimiter:
        !            60: at most one packet is returned by a
        !            61: .I read
        !            62: call;
        !            63: an entire packet must be presented in a single
        !            64: .IR write .
        !            65: A packet includes the IP header.
        !            66: Numbers in the header are in host byte order.
        !            67: .PP
        !            68: Different
        !            69: .I ip
        !            70: devices handle different protocols atop IP.
        !            71: The minor device is the protocol number in the IP header;
        !            72: e.g. 6 for TCP or 17 for UDP.
        !            73: While an
        !            74: .I ip
        !            75: device is open,
        !            76: it may not be opened again.
        !            77: IP packets are often processed by pushing a line discipline
        !            78: such as
        !            79: .IR tcp_ld
        !            80: on an
        !            81: .I ip
        !            82: device,
        !            83: rather than by explicit
        !            84: .I read
        !            85: and
        !            86: .I write
        !            87: calls;
        !            88: see
        !            89: .IR tcp (4).
        !            90: .PP
        !            91: The following
        !            92: .IR ioctl (2)
        !            93: calls, defined in
        !            94: .BR <sys/inio.h> ,
        !            95: apply to an IP interface.
        !            96: .B IPIOLOCAL
        !            97: and either
        !            98: .B IPIOHOST
        !            99: or
        !           100: .B IPIONET
        !           101: must be called on each interface
        !           102: before packets will be routed correctly.
        !           103: Type
        !           104: .BR in_addr ,
        !           105: defined in
        !           106: .BR <sys/inet/in.h> ,
        !           107: is a 32-bit integer
        !           108: representing an IP address
        !           109: in host byte order.
        !           110: .nr Pw \w'\f5IPIORESOLVE 'u
        !           111: .TP \n(Pwu
        !           112: .B IPIOLOCAL
        !           113: The third argument points to an
        !           114: .BR in_addr :
        !           115: the local IP address for this interface.
        !           116: .TP
        !           117: .B IPIOHOST
        !           118: The third argument points to an
        !           119: .BR in_addr :
        !           120: the remote IP address of the single host
        !           121: reachable through this interface.
        !           122: .TP
        !           123: .B IPIONET
        !           124: The third argument
        !           125: points to an
        !           126: .BR in_addr :
        !           127: the remote IP address of the network of many hosts
        !           128: reachable through this interface.
        !           129: IP addresses are matched to the network address
        !           130: by applying an internal bit-mask:
        !           131: any IP address for which
        !           132: .BI ( address & mask )== net-address
        !           133: is part of the network.
        !           134: The default mask depends on
        !           135: the IP address class;
        !           136: see the IP protocol standard for details.
        !           137: .TP
        !           138: .B IPIOMASK
        !           139: The third argument points to an
        !           140: .B in_addr
        !           141: containing a new network mask for this interface.
        !           142: .TP
        !           143: .B IPIOMTU
        !           144: The third argument points to an integer number of bytes.
        !           145: IP packets larger than this size (1500 by default)
        !           146: will be split into smaller ones
        !           147: before being sent through this interface.
        !           148: .TP
        !           149: .B IPIOARP
        !           150: The network device for this interface
        !           151: is an Ethernet.
        !           152: Discard the Ethernet header from each incoming packet.
        !           153: When sending a packet,
        !           154: prefix an Ethernet header
        !           155: containing protocol type
        !           156: .B 0x8
        !           157: and a destination address
        !           158: obtained by looking up the IP destination address
        !           159: in a table.
        !           160: If the IP address is not in the table,
        !           161: discard the packet,
        !           162: and make an
        !           163: .B in_addr
        !           164: containing the offending address
        !           165: available for reading
        !           166: on this file descriptor
        !           167: (the one on which
        !           168: .I ip_ld
        !           169: was pushed).
        !           170: .TP
        !           171: .B IPIORESOLVE
        !           172: The third argument points to a structure:
        !           173: .EX
        !           174: struct {
        !           175:        in_addr inaddr;
        !           176:        unsigned char enaddr[6];
        !           177: };
        !           178: .EE
        !           179: Add an entry to the table consulted after
        !           180: .BR IPIOARP ,
        !           181: mapping IP address
        !           182: .B inaddr
        !           183: to Ethernet address
        !           184: .BR enaddr .
        !           185: .LP
        !           186: The following
        !           187: .I ioctl
        !           188: calls, define in
        !           189: .BR <sys/inio.h> ,
        !           190: apply to the entire IP subsystem;
        !           191: they may be used on any file with
        !           192: .I ip_ld
        !           193: pushed.
        !           194: .TP \n(Pwu
        !           195: .B IPIOROUTE
        !           196: The third argument points to a structure:
        !           197: .EX
        !           198: struct route {
        !           199:        in_addr dst;
        !           200:        in_addr gate;
        !           201: };
        !           202: .EE
        !           203: Arrange that henceforth,
        !           204: any IP packet destined for address
        !           205: .B dst
        !           206: will be routed as if destined for
        !           207: .BR gate .
        !           208: .TP
        !           209: .B IPIOGETIFS
        !           210: The third argument points to a union as follows.
        !           211: The structure is defined in
        !           212: .BR <sys/inet/ip_var.h> .
        !           213: .EX
        !           214: union {
        !           215:        int index;
        !           216:        struct ipif {
        !           217:                struct queue *queue;
        !           218:                int flags;
        !           219:                int mtu;
        !           220:                in_addr thishost;
        !           221:                in_addr that;
        !           222:                in_addr mask;
        !           223:                in_addr broadcast;
        !           224:                int ipackets, ierrors;
        !           225:                int opackets, oerrors;
        !           226:                int arp;
        !           227:                int dev;
        !           228:        } ipif;
        !           229: };
        !           230: .EE
        !           231: Before the call,
        !           232: .B index
        !           233: should contain an integer
        !           234: naming an entry in the system's table
        !           235: of active interfaces.
        !           236: Interfaces are numbered in a continuous sequence starting at 0.
        !           237: Out-of-range numbers return an error.
        !           238: After the call,
        !           239: .B ipif
        !           240: is filled in with various numbers
        !           241: about that interface.
        !           242: .SH FILES
        !           243: .B /dev/ip*
        !           244: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           245: .IR ioctl (2),
        !           246: .IR internet (3),
        !           247: .IR ipconfig (8),
        !           248: .IR route (8)
        !           249: .br
        !           250: DARPA standards RFC 791, RFC 1122
        !           251: .SH BUGS
        !           252: The ARP mechanism should be generalized
        !           253: to deal with networks other than Ethernet.
        !           254: There is only one ARP table for the entire system;
        !           255: there should be one for each interface.
        !           256: .br
        !           257: The structures used by
        !           258: .B IPIOROUTE
        !           259: and
        !           260: .B IPIORESOLVE
        !           261: should appear in a header file somewhere.

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