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Annotation of researchv10dc/man/man4/proc.4, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH PROC 4
        !             2: .CT 2 proc_man
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: proc \- process file system
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B #include <sys/types.h>
        !             7: .B #include <sys/proc.h>
        !             8: .br
        !             9: .B #include <sys/pioctl.h>
        !            10: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            11: .I Proc
        !            12: is a file system that contains memory images of each
        !            13: running process in the system.
        !            14: The name of each entry in the
        !            15: .F /proc
        !            16: directory is the process
        !            17: id of the subject process, expressed in decimal with
        !            18: optional leading zeros.
        !            19: Each process file is owned by the userid of the subject process.
        !            20: The file mode includes read and write permission for
        !            21: the owner if that userid has read
        !            22: access to the associated text file; all other permission bits
        !            23: are zero.
        !            24: The file size is
        !            25: the sum of the sizes of virtual memory segments
        !            26: in the subject process.
        !            27: .PP
        !            28: The subject process is unaffected, except that setuid bits
        !            29: will be ignored if it does an
        !            30: .IR exec (2).
        !            31: (Setuid bits are also ignored if the
        !            32: .IR exec "ing"
        !            33: process has traced signals, or stops on
        !            34: .IR exec ;
        !            35: see the description of
        !            36: .B PIOCSMASK
        !            37: and
        !            38: .B PIOCSEXEC
        !            39: below.)
        !            40: .PP
        !            41: Data may be transferred
        !            42: from or to any locations in the subject's address space through
        !            43: .IR lseek (2),
        !            44: .IR read (2),
        !            45: and
        !            46: .IR write .
        !            47: The
        !            48: .I text segment
        !            49: begins at address 0; the
        !            50: .I data segment
        !            51: starts above the text.
        !            52: The
        !            53: .I user area
        !            54: extends downward below address 0x80000000, and is
        !            55: .B UPAGES*NBPG
        !            56: bytes long (see the header files listed below);
        !            57: the
        !            58: .I stack segment
        !            59: grows downward below the user area.
        !            60: The text, data, and stack sizes
        !            61: may be determined from the process's
        !            62: .L proc
        !            63: structure (see
        !            64: .B PIOCGETPR
        !            65: below).
        !            66: It is an error to access addresses between data and stack.
        !            67: No read or write may span a segment boundary;
        !            68: in the user area only the locations of saved user registers
        !            69: are writable.
        !            70: .PP
        !            71: .IR Ioctl (2)
        !            72: calls control the subject process.
        !            73: The third argument usually points to an integer.
        !            74: The 
        !            75: .I ioctl
        !            76: codes are:
        !            77: .TF PIOCSMASK
        !            78: .TP
        !            79: .B PIOCSTOP
        !            80: Send signal
        !            81: .B SIGSTOP
        !            82: to the process, and wait for it to
        !            83: enter the stopped state.
        !            84: .TP
        !            85: .B PIOCWSTOP
        !            86: Wait for the process to stop.
        !            87: .TP
        !            88: .B PIOCRUN
        !            89: Make the process runnable again after a stop.
        !            90: .TP
        !            91: .B PIOCSMASK
        !            92: Define
        !            93: a set of signals to be traced.
        !            94: The process will stop when it receives any signal whose number,
        !            95: as given in
        !            96: .IR signal (2),
        !            97: corresponds to a 1-bit in the given integer,
        !            98: with the least significant bit counted as 1.
        !            99: The traced state and mask bits are inherited by the child of a
        !           100: .IR fork (2).
        !           101: When the process file is closed, the mask becomes zero, but
        !           102: the traced state persists.
        !           103: .TP
        !           104: .B PIOCSEXEC
        !           105: Cause the process to stop after
        !           106: .IR exec (2).
        !           107: This condition is inherited across
        !           108: .IR fork (2)
        !           109: and persists when the process file is closed.
        !           110: .TP
        !           111: .B PIOCREXEC
        !           112: Reverse the effect of
        !           113: .BR PIOCSEXEC .
        !           114: .TP
        !           115: .B PIOCCSIG
        !           116: Clear the subject's currently pending signal (if any).
        !           117: .TP
        !           118: .B PIOCKILL
        !           119: Set the subject's currently pending signal to a given number.
        !           120: .TP
        !           121: .B PIOCOPENT
        !           122: Return a read-only file descriptor
        !           123: for the subject process's text file.
        !           124: (Thus a debugger can find the
        !           125: symbol table without knowing the name of the text file.)
        !           126: .TP
        !           127: .B PIOCNICE
        !           128: Increment the
        !           129: priority of the subject process by a given amount
        !           130: as if by
        !           131: .IR nice (2).
        !           132: .TP
        !           133: .B PIOCGETPR
        !           134: Copy the subject's
        !           135: .B proc
        !           136: structure (see
        !           137: .BR <sys/proc.h> )
        !           138: from the kernel process table into an area pointed to
        !           139: the third argument.
        !           140: (This information, which resides in system space, is not accessible
        !           141: via a normal read.)
        !           142: .PD
        !           143: .PP
        !           144: Any system call is guaranteed to be atomic with respect to the 
        !           145: subject process,
        !           146: but nothing prevents more than one
        !           147: process from opening and controlling the same subject.
        !           148: .PP
        !           149: The following header files are useful in analyzing
        !           150: .I proc
        !           151: files:
        !           152: .PP
        !           153: .TF <sys/param.h>
        !           154: .TP
        !           155: .B <signal.h>
        !           156: list of signal numbers
        !           157: .TP
        !           158: .B <sys/param.h>
        !           159: size parameters
        !           160: .TP
        !           161: .B <sys/types.h>
        !           162: special system types
        !           163: .TP
        !           164: .B <sys/user.h>
        !           165: user structure
        !           166: .TP
        !           167: .B <sys/proc.h>
        !           168: proc structure
        !           169: .TP
        !           170: .B <sys/reg.h>
        !           171: locations of saved user registers
        !           172: .TP
        !           173: .B <sys/pioctl.h>
        !           174: ioctl codes for
        !           175: .I proc
        !           176: files
        !           177: .PD
        !           178: .SH FILES
        !           179: .F /proc/*
        !           180: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           181: .IR adb (1),
        !           182: .IR ps (1), 
        !           183: .IR hang (1),
        !           184: .IR fmount (2),
        !           185: .IR signal (2),
        !           186: .IR mount (8),
        !           187: .IR pi (9.1)
        !           188: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !           189: These errors can occur in addition to the
        !           190: errors normally associated with the file system; see
        !           191: .IR intro (2):
        !           192: .TF ENOENT
        !           193: .TP
        !           194: .B ENOENT
        !           195: The subject process has exited.
        !           196: .TP
        !           197: .B EIO
        !           198: The subject process has attempted I/O at an illegal address.
        !           199: .TP
        !           200: .B EBUSY
        !           201: The subject is in the midst of changing virtual memory
        !           202: attributes, or has pages locked for physical I/O.
        !           203: .TP
        !           204: .B ENOSPC
        !           205: A write has been attempted on a shared text segment and there
        !           206: is no room on the swap space to make a copy.
        !           207: .TP
        !           208: .B EPERM
        !           209: A non-super-user has attempted to better
        !           210: the subject's priority with
        !           211: .BR PIOCNICE .
        !           212: .SH BUGS
        !           213: A process must be swapped in for reading and writing (but not
        !           214: .IR ioctl );
        !           215: this may cause
        !           216: a noticeable delay.
        !           217: .br
        !           218: The spectrum of states which result in 
        !           219: .B EBUSY
        !           220: is too conservative.
        !           221: .br
        !           222: A process loaded from a text file with magic number 0407 does not have as
        !           223: a read-only text segment; in this (presumably rare) case
        !           224: .B PIOCOPENT
        !           225: does not work, and the process is accessible even if the
        !           226: text file is read-only.
        !           227: .br
        !           228: The interface involves too many VAX-specific magic numbers.

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