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Annotation of researchv10dc/man/man4/ttyld.4, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH TTYLD 4
        !             2: .CT 2 comm_term
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: tty_ld \- terminal processing line discipline
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B #include <sys/ttyio.h>
        !             7: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !             8: .I Tty_ld
        !             9: is usually inserted
        !            10: into a stream
        !            11: connected to a terminal device.
        !            12: It gathers input into lines,
        !            13: handles special characters like erase, kill, and interrupt,
        !            14: inserts output delays,
        !            15: and the like.
        !            16: It does not deal with hardware parameters
        !            17: such as speed and parity;
        !            18: see
        !            19: .IR tty (4)
        !            20: for such matters.
        !            21: .PP
        !            22: Certain special characters have particular meaning on input.
        !            23: These characters are not passed to a program
        !            24: except in raw mode, where they lose their special character.
        !            25: It is possible to change these characters from the default.
        !            26: .PP
        !            27: The
        !            28: .I erase
        !            29: character
        !            30: (backspace by default)
        !            31: erases the last-typed character.
        !            32: It will not erase beyond the beginning of a line or
        !            33: an end-of-file character.
        !            34: .PP
        !            35: The
        !            36: .I kill
        !            37: character
        !            38: (default
        !            39: .BR @ )
        !            40: erases the entire preceding part of the line, but not beyond
        !            41: an end-of-file character.
        !            42: .PP
        !            43: The
        !            44: .I end-of-file
        !            45: character
        !            46: (default
        !            47: .RB control- d )
        !            48: causes any characters
        !            49: waiting to be read
        !            50: to be passed immediately
        !            51: to the program,
        !            52: without waiting for newline.
        !            53: The
        !            54: end-of-file character itself is discarded.
        !            55: Thus if the end-of-file character
        !            56: occurs at the beginning of a line,
        !            57: there are no characters waiting,
        !            58: and zero characters will be passed back;
        !            59: this is
        !            60: the standard end-of-file indication.
        !            61: .PP
        !            62: The
        !            63: .I escape
        !            64: character
        !            65: .RB ( \e )
        !            66: escapes a following erase, kill, or end-of-file character
        !            67: and allows it to be treated as ordinary data.
        !            68: .PP
        !            69: The
        !            70: .I interrupt
        !            71: character
        !            72: (default
        !            73: DEL)
        !            74: is not passed to a program but sends
        !            75: signal
        !            76: .L SIGINT
        !            77: to any processes in the process group of the stream;
        !            78: see
        !            79: .IR signal (2)
        !            80: and
        !            81: .IR stream (4).
        !            82: .PP
        !            83: The
        !            84: .I quit
        !            85: character
        !            86: (default
        !            87: FS,
        !            88: .RB control- \e )
        !            89: sends signal
        !            90: .BR SIGQUIT .
        !            91: .PP
        !            92: The
        !            93: .I stop
        !            94: character
        !            95: (default DC3,
        !            96: .RB control- s )
        !            97: delays printing on the terminal
        !            98: until something is typed in.
        !            99: .PP
        !           100: The
        !           101: .I start
        !           102: character
        !           103: (default DC1,
        !           104: .RB control- q )
        !           105: restarts printing after 
        !           106: a stop character without generating
        !           107: any input to a program.
        !           108: .PP
        !           109: Two
        !           110: .IR ioctl (2)
        !           111: calls affect these characters:
        !           112: .TF TIOCGETC
        !           113: .TP
        !           114: .B TIOCGETC
        !           115: The argument points to a
        !           116: .B tchars
        !           117: structure to be filled in with current settings.
        !           118: .TP
        !           119: .B TIOCSETC
        !           120: The argument points to a
        !           121: .B tchars
        !           122: structure from which the characters are set.
        !           123: .PD
        !           124: .PP
        !           125: The
        !           126: .B tchars
        !           127: structure, as defined in
        !           128: .LR <sys/ttyio.h> ,
        !           129: is
        !           130: .PP
        !           131: .EX
        !           132: .ta \w'struct 'u +\w'tchars 'u +\w't_startc; 'u
        !           133: struct tchars {
        !           134:        char    t_intrc;        /* interrupt */
        !           135:        char    t_quitc;        /* quit */
        !           136:        char    t_startc;       /* start output */
        !           137:        char    t_stopc;        /* stop output */
        !           138:        char    t_eofc; /* end-of-file */
        !           139:        char    t_brkc; /* input delimiter (like nl) */
        !           140: };
        !           141: .EE
        !           142: .PP
        !           143: A character value of 0377
        !           144: eliminates the effect of that character.
        !           145: The
        !           146: .L t_brkc
        !           147: character, by default 0377,
        !           148: acts like a new-line in that it terminates a line,
        !           149: is echoed, and is passed to the program.
        !           150: The stop and start characters may be the same,
        !           151: to produce a toggle effect.
        !           152: It is counterproductive to make
        !           153: other special characters (including erase and kill)
        !           154: identical.
        !           155: .PP
        !           156: Two
        !           157: .I ioctl
        !           158: calls affect other terminal processing parameters:
        !           159: .TF TIOCGETP
        !           160: .TP
        !           161: .B TIOCGETP
        !           162: The argument points to a
        !           163: .B sgttyb
        !           164: structure to be filled in with the current settings.
        !           165: .TP
        !           166: .B TIOCSETP
        !           167: The argument points to a 
        !           168: .B sgttyb
        !           169: structure from which the parameters are set.
        !           170: .PD
        !           171: .PP
        !           172: The
        !           173: .B sgttyb
        !           174: structure, as
        !           175: defined in
        !           176: .LR <sys/ttyio.h> ,
        !           177: is
        !           178: .EX
        !           179: .ta \w'struct 'u +\w'sgttyb 'u +\w'sg_ispeed 'u
        !           180: struct sgttyb  {
        !           181:        char    sg_ispeed;      /* unused */
        !           182:        char    sg_ospeed;      /* unused */
        !           183:        char    sg_erase;       /* erase character */
        !           184:        char    sg_kill;        /* kill character */
        !           185:        short   sg_flags;       /* mode flags */
        !           186: };
        !           187: .EE
        !           188: .PP
        !           189: The flag bits are
        !           190: .PP
        !           191: .ta \w'\f5ALLDELAY\fP 'u +\w'\f50100000\fP 'u
        !           192: .nf
        !           193: \f5ALLDELAY    0177400\fP      Delay algorithm selection
        !           194: \f5VTDELAY     0040000\fP      Form-feed and vertical-tab delays:
        !           195: \f5FF0 0\fP
        !           196: \f5FF1 0040000\fP
        !           197: \f5CRDELAY     0030000\fP      Carriage-return delays:
        !           198: \f5CR0 0\fP
        !           199: \f5CR1 0010000\fP
        !           200: \f5CR2 0020000\fP
        !           201: \f5CR3 0030000\fP
        !           202: \f5TBDELAY     0006000\fP      Tab delays:
        !           203: \f5TAB0        0\fP
        !           204: \f5TAB1        0002000\fP
        !           205: \f5TAB2        0004000\fP
        !           206: \f5XTABS       0006000\fP
        !           207: \f5NLDELAY     0001400\fP      New-line delays:
        !           208: \f5NL0 0\fP
        !           209: \f5NL1 0000400\fP
        !           210: \f5NL2 0001000\fP
        !           211: \f5NL3 0001400\fP
        !           212: \f5RAW 0000040\fP      Raw mode: wake up on all characters
        !           213: \f5CRMOD       0000020\fP      Map CR into LF; echo LF or CR as CR-LF
        !           214: \f5ECHO        0000010\fP      Echo (full duplex)
        !           215: \f5LCASE       0000004\fP      Map upper case to lower on input
        !           216: \f5CBREAK      0000002\fP      Return each character as soon as typed
        !           217: \f5TANDEM      0000001\fP      Automatic flow control
        !           218: .DT
        !           219: .fi
        !           220: .PP
        !           221: The delay bits specify how long
        !           222: transmission stops to allow for mechanical or other movement
        !           223: when certain characters are sent to the terminal.
        !           224: In all cases a value of 0 indicates no delay.
        !           225: .PP
        !           226: If a form-feed/vertical tab delay is specified,
        !           227: it lasts for about 2 seconds.
        !           228: .PP
        !           229: Carriage-return delay type 1 lasts about .08 seconds;
        !           230: type 2 about .16 seconds;
        !           231: type 3 about .32 seconds.
        !           232: .PP
        !           233: New-line delay type 1 is supposed to be for the Teletype model 37;
        !           234: type 2 is about .10 seconds.
        !           235: .PP
        !           236: Tab delay type 1 is supposed to be for the Teletype model 37.
        !           237: Type 3, called 
        !           238: .LR XTABS ,
        !           239: is not a delay at all but causes tabs to be replaced
        !           240: by the appropriate number of spaces on output.
        !           241: .PP
        !           242: In
        !           243: .B RAW
        !           244: mode,
        !           245: every character is passed immediately
        !           246: to the program without waiting until a full line has been typed.
        !           247: No erase or kill processing is done;
        !           248: the end-of-file, interrupt, and quit characters
        !           249: are not treated specially.
        !           250: There are no delays and no echoing, and no replacement of
        !           251: one character for another.
        !           252: .PP
        !           253: .L CRMOD
        !           254: causes input carriage returns to be turned into
        !           255: new-lines;
        !           256: input of either CR or LF causes CR-LF both to
        !           257: be echoed
        !           258: (for terminals without a new-line function).
        !           259: .PP
        !           260: .L CBREAK
        !           261: is a sort of half-cooked mode.
        !           262: Programs read each character as soon as typed, instead
        !           263: of waiting for a full line,
        !           264: but quit and interrupt work, and output delays
        !           265: .LR CRMOD ,
        !           266: .LR XTABS ,
        !           267: and
        !           268: .LR ECHO
        !           269: work normally.
        !           270: On the other hand there is no erase or kill,
        !           271: and no special treatment of
        !           272: .L \e
        !           273: or end-of-file.
        !           274: .PP
        !           275: .L TANDEM
        !           276: mode causes the system to transmit
        !           277: the stop character whenever the input
        !           278: queue is in danger of overflowing,
        !           279: and the start character
        !           280: when the input queue has drained sufficiently.
        !           281: It is useful for flow control when the `terminal'
        !           282: is actually another machine that obeys the conventions.
        !           283: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           284: .IR getty (8), 
        !           285: .IR stty (1), 
        !           286: .IR signal (2), 
        !           287: .IR ioctl (2), 
        !           288: .IR stream (4),
        !           289: .IR tty (4)
        !           290: .SH BUGS
        !           291: The
        !           292: escape character
        !           293: cannot be changed.

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