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Annotation of researchv10dc/man/man8/init.8, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH INIT 8
        !             2: .CT 1 sa_auto secur
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: init \- process control initialization
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B /etc/init
        !             7: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !             8: .I Init
        !             9: is invoked by the operating system as the last step in the boot procedure.
        !            10: It is always process 1.
        !            11: .PP
        !            12: When started normally,
        !            13: .I init
        !            14: calls
        !            15: .IR rc (8)
        !            16: with parameter
        !            17: .BR autoboot .
        !            18: If this succeeds,
        !            19: .I init
        !            20: begins multi-user operation.
        !            21: If
        !            22: .I rc
        !            23: fails,
        !            24: .I init
        !            25: commences single user operation by giving
        !            26: the super-user a shell on the console.
        !            27: It is possible to pass parameters
        !            28: from the boot program to
        !            29: .I init
        !            30: so that single user operation is commenced immediately.
        !            31: When the single user shell terminates,
        !            32: .I init
        !            33: runs
        !            34: .IR rc
        !            35: without the parameter,
        !            36: and begins multi-user operation.
        !            37: .PP
        !            38: .I Rc
        !            39: performs housekeeping
        !            40: such as checking and mounting file systems
        !            41: and starting daemons;
        !            42: see
        !            43: .IR rc (8).
        !            44: .PP
        !            45: In multi-user operation,
        !            46: .IR init 's
        !            47: role is to create a process for each
        !            48: directly connected terminal port on which a user may log in.
        !            49: To begin such operations, it reads the
        !            50: .IR ttys (5)
        !            51: file and forks to create a process
        !            52: for each terminal specified in the file.
        !            53: Each of these processes opens the appropriate terminal
        !            54: for reading and writing
        !            55: on file descriptors 0, 1, 2, and 3 (the standard input and
        !            56: output, the diagnostic output and
        !            57: .FR /dev/tty ).
        !            58: Opening the terminal will usually involve a delay,
        !            59: since the
        !            60: .I open 
        !            61: is not completed until someone
        !            62: dials and carrier is established on the channel.
        !            63: Then
        !            64: .IR getty (8)
        !            65: is called with argument as specified by the second character of
        !            66: the
        !            67: .I ttys
        !            68: file line.
        !            69: .I Getty
        !            70: reads the user's name and invokes
        !            71: .IR login (8)
        !            72: to log in the user and execute the shell.
        !            73: .PP
        !            74: Ultimately the shell will terminate
        !            75: because of an end-of-file or as a result of hanging up.
        !            76: The main path of
        !            77: .IR init ,
        !            78: which has been waiting
        !            79: for such an event,
        !            80: wakes up and removes the appropriate entry from the
        !            81: file
        !            82: .IR utmp (5),
        !            83: which records current users, and
        !            84: makes an entry in
        !            85: .IR wtmp ,
        !            86: which maintains a history
        !            87: of logins and logouts.
        !            88: Then the appropriate terminal is reopened and
        !            89: .I getty
        !            90: is
        !            91: invoked again.
        !            92: .PP
        !            93: .I Init
        !            94: catches signal
        !            95: .B SIGHUP
        !            96: and interprets it to mean that
        !            97: the
        !            98: .I ttys
        !            99: file
        !           100: should be read again.
        !           101: The shell process on each line that has become inactive 
        !           102: according to
        !           103: .I ttys
        !           104: is terminated;
        !           105: a new process is created for each line added;
        !           106: lines unchanged in the file are undisturbed.
        !           107: Thus it is possible to drop or add terminal lines without
        !           108: rebooting the system by changing the
        !           109: .I ttys
        !           110: file and sending a
        !           111: .I hangup
        !           112: signal to the
        !           113: .I init
        !           114: process: use
        !           115: .LR "kill -1 1" .
        !           116: .PP
        !           117: .I Init
        !           118: will terminate multi-user operations,
        !           119: kill all outstanding processes,
        !           120: and resume single-user mode
        !           121: if sent signal
        !           122: .BR SIGTERM :
        !           123: use
        !           124: .LR "kill 1" .
        !           125: .I Init
        !           126: will wait at most 30 seconds for outstanding processes to die,
        !           127: to avoid waiting forever.
        !           128: .PP
        !           129: If, at bootstrap time, the
        !           130: .I init
        !           131: program cannot be executed,
        !           132: the system will loop in user mode at a low address.
        !           133: .SH FILES
        !           134: .nf
        !           135: .F /dev/console
        !           136: .F /dev/tty
        !           137: .F /etc/utmp
        !           138: .F /usr/adm/wtmp
        !           139: .F /etc/ttys
        !           140: .F /etc/rc
        !           141: .fi
        !           142: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           143: .IR login (8), 
        !           144: .IR kill (1), 
        !           145: .IR sh (1), 
        !           146: .IR ttys (5), 
        !           147: .IR getty (8), 
        !           148: .IR rc (8), 
        !           149: .IR reboot (8)
        !           150: .SH BUGS
        !           151: .IR Init 's
        !           152: multi-user functions should be integrated
        !           153: with the world of
        !           154: .IR svcmgr (8).

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